AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babecabanga ukuthi uheshe ungunkulunkulu uHorus - usanta ongumvikeli woFaro. Ngokwesiko lama-Inca, le nyoni yayifanekisela ilanga. Umdabu weSlavic ugcwele izinkomba kuye njengophawu lwesibindi nodumo. KumaTurk, lona umphefumulo womnikazi, ongathengiswa noma ulahlwe. Ngisho nenye yezinganekwane ithi amandla angenakunqotshwa kaKhan Tokhtamysh ayefihliwe kumakhokho akhe amabili. Esihlokweni sizobhekisisa le nyoni ethokozisayo bese sithola izici zayo.
Incazelo ye-Falcon
Le yinyoni enkulu enamaphiko eplanethi... Umzingeli onamehlo futhi oqinile, okwazi ukubona isisulu kusuka ekhilomitha kude. Igama lale nyoni ngesiLatini lizwakala lithi "falco", livela egameni elithi "falx", elisho isikela. Ngempela, uma ubheka ukhozi endizeni, ungathola ukufana kwamaphiko nesikela.
Ukubukeka
Ukhozi unomzimba onamandla onamaphiko aqinile futhi abanzi. Isifuba esibanzi nemilenze eqinile. Uqhwaku lunesakhiwo esithokozisayo: esifushane, esifana nengwegwe enezinyo elibukhali engxenyeni engenhla. Ivumela izinyoni ezincane ukuthi zephule imigogodla. Indawo ezungeze amehlo iphethwe yindandatho engafakwanga. Izimpiko ezinkulu. Umsila omude, oyindilinga. Abantu abadala bahlukile kuzimpaphe ezincane zokundiza. Okhozi abancane, zonke izimpaphe zifushane futhi ziyandiza, futhi bazivula kakhulu lapho zindiza. Kubantu abadala, uphaphe lokundiza olwesibili kuphela, kepha yinde kakhulu.
Iningi labamele linamapharamitha alandelayo:
- Ubude bomzimba: kufika ku-60 cm;
- I-Wingspan: kufika ku-120 cm;
- Umsila: 13-20 cm;
- Izinyawo: 4-6 cm;
- Iphiko le-Wing: kufika ku-39 cm;
- Isisindo: abesilisa kuze kufike ku-800 amagremu, abesifazane kuze kufike ku-1.3 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesifazane be-Falcon bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa ngesisindo nobukhulu bayo bonke.
Umbala uhluka kakhulu, onsundu noma ompunga omnyama. Iphethini engunxantathu ivezwa ezinxenyeni zemibala emnyama. Kungase kube nokushaywa okumhlophe. Isisu nengxenye yesifuba kuphuzi ngokukhanyayo, kuhlukaniswa yimivimbo emnyama. Amabala amnyama ezimpapheni zendiza. Shona ngekhanda elimnyama. Izimpaphe zinzima, zicindezelwe zaqina emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, aziphazamisi inyoni lapho indiza, kepha zisiza ukuthuthukisa ijubane elengeziwe. Cishe kunabantu abamhlophe, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwama-gyrfalcons asenyakatho. Kukhona omnyama kakhulu, cishe abamnyama bama-peregrine falcons.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ekuseni nakusihlwa kukhethwa ukuzingela. Ngokuvamile babamba izinyoni ezincane. Isidumbu asikaze sidliwe. Ukubamba inyamazana, zisebenzisa amasu wokuzingela ahlukile. Bangakwazi ukwehla phansi ngejubane elikhulu, besuka ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ziphinde zizingele kahle lapho zindiza. Usuku lonke bakhetha ukuphumula ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, ukugaya ukudla. Izihlahla namawa kukhethwa izindawo zokwakha izidleke. Akuvamile, kepha izindlu zezinyoni zabanye abantu zingahlala. Azilokothi zidleke phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Okhohlisi bayathanda ukuhlela imidlalo yomoya esibhakabhakeni, ekhombisa ukuhamba nobuhle bendiza yabo. Imvamisa, kubukeka sengathi ziyazigcona ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, zibukisa ngazo.
Ziyakwazi ukukhuphukela phezulu kakhulu emoyeni, lapho ezinye izinyoni zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona. Bakha umbhangqwana futhi bavikela ngokuqinile "umndeni" wabo ekungeneni. Bonke abakwa-falcon nomads. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazulazula hhayi kuphela ekubizweni kwemvelo, ukuze basebusika ngokunethezeka. Abanye bakwenza kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Le nyoni kulula ukuyithambisa, ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa ezinamaphiko.
Ungesabi nakancane umuntu futhi angahlala ngisho nasezindlini zabantu... Amaqhinga wokuzingela ama-falconry nawo ayathakazelisa. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bavame ukuthi ukhozi "ushaye" isisulu. Ngempela, lokhu kuziphatha kuyafana. Ubamba inyamazane ngokushesha nangokushesha, ahlasele ngenhla. Uletha igalelo elinamandla ngomlomo oxhumekile. Ukushaya okukodwa okunjalo kwanele ukubulala inyoni encane.
Kwesinye isikhathi, kubukeka sengathi zethusa inyamazane isuka phansi, indizela phezulu bese kuthi ukhozi luyibambe ngokungazelele emoyeni. Ngisho nezinkonjane ezisheshayo azinathuba lokweqa. Umzingeli uya kwesisulu nge-engela yama-degree angama-25, ngejubane elifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora. Kwenzeka lokhu nje ukuthi ocelemba babonakala bedlala ngezisulu zabo: bangaphuthelwa ngamabomu bese beshiya umzila, kepha bejika, banikeza ukuhlasela okusha bese bethatha umgomo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukhozi uhlakaniphe kunazo zonke izinyoni.
Izinyoni ziziboleka kahle ekuqeqesheni futhi azibesabi abantu. Lapho uqeqeshwa, qiniseka ukufaka izinto zomdlalo emakilasini. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi noma ngabe ukhozi wenza ukuxhumana okuhle - akuyona inja noma ikati, kepha isilwane esesabekayo esidlayo. Bayakwazi ukujwayela umnikazi futhi bakhombise uthando, kepha basadinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kumuntu ekuxhumaneni.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani ukhozi
Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-15-16. Kodwa abanye baphila iminyaka engama-25 ubudala.
Izinhlobo zama-falcons
Umndeni we-falcon uhlanganisa isizukulwane se-11. Phakathi kwazo:
- Isizukulwane sesi-5: omnyama, obomvu-umphimbo, intaba, i-karanchi, umsindo.
- Okhohlisi. Isizukulwane esingu-6: ukuhleka, ihlathi, into encane yaseMelika, encane, encane, oheshe (Falco).
Kulokhu, uhlobo lohlobo lwama-falcons (Falco) iyona eyinhloko nenombolo kakhulu. Kufaka ama-subspecies angama-40, angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu wabamele:
- Izihambi - izinyoni ezincane, eziminyene zombala obomvu. Kukhona nezimpunga, kepha ikakhulukazi e-Afrika. Baziwa njengabazingeli begundane. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziyi-12: iMadagascar, iSeychelles, iMauritian, iMoluccan, izimpunga ezimpunga, ezivamile, ezinkulu, impungushe, istepe, izimpunga, ezimthende, ezidlulayo;
- Izisebenzi zokuzilibazisa - inyoni enkulu futhi ezacile enezimpaphe ezimpunga emnyama nezimpaphe ezimnyama endaweni yesihlathi. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu emhlabeni: Eleanor's Hobby, African, Common, Oriental kanye Australia;
- Okhohlisi Ingabe iqembu elimelele kakhulu. Kufaka phakathi isiliva, ukuhlwa, amabele abomvu, iNew Zealand, nsundu, mpunga, mnyama, iMedithera, i-Altai, iMexico, umsila omfushane;
- Turumti futhinoma ngabe ukhozi olunentamo ebomvu – inyoni enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, enekepisi elibomvu elibukeka njengezitini ekhanda layo. Kuzala eNdiya nase-Afrika.
- I-Kobchik - ukhozi omncane, ofana kakhulu nemingcele nokuziphatha ku-kestrel. Isisindo singeqi ku-200 amagremu. Uqhwaku lufushane futhi lubuthakathaka. Idla izinambuzane ezinkulu kuphela. Idla ojekamanzi, izintethe, izinkumbi namabhungane amakhulu ngenjabulo. Isici esithandekayo ukuthi amagwababa akhetha "izindlu" ezilahliwe njengesidleke. Bangaphila emihlambini efinyelela kwabali-100. Zifuduka futhi njengemihlambi.
- UDerbnik - uhlala ikakhulu enyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Izinhlobo ezincane, eziqinile ezinamaphiko amafushane, abukhali kanye nomsila omude. Uhlala ezigodini zemifula, ama-sphagnum bogs. Igwema amahlathi aminyene namahlathi amnyama. Idla kakhulu izinyoni ezincane. Ama-subspecies angavamile angenza izidleke phansi.
- I-Laggar - inyoni enkulu, enkulu. Kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuzingeleni. Idla ezinye izinyoni ezincane. Kepha futhi izingela ama-gopher, hares.
- I-Saker Falcon - isatshalaliswe e-Asia Ephakathi, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China. Kubhekwa njengenye ye-subspecies eyingozi kakhulu. Ikhula ubude obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60. Iphiko lamaphiko lifinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu. Ifana kakhulu ne-peregrine falcon, kepha yehlukile ngomthunzi okhanyayo wombala nokuma kwamaphiko.
- UMerlin - okungajwayelekile futhi okukhulu kunakho konke kokhokho. Ikhulu kakhulu, izimpiko zinde futhi zibukhali. Isilisa sinesisindo esingaba ngu-1 kg. insikazi cishe 2 kg. Ihlukile kokhokho be-peregrine ngomsila omude. Kusatshalaliswe eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika. Kukhona ama-subspecies ahlukile wama-gyrfalcons e-Altai. Ifakiwe eNcwadini Ebomvu.
- I-Peregrine falcon Iyinyoni eshesha kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Inyoni enkulu, omele kahle uhlobo lwe-falcon. Kusatshalaliswe emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica;
- Shahin - obizwa nangokuthi uqwanga lwasogwadule ngenxa yokuthanda impilo yasogwadule. Incane kunokhokho be-peregrine ngosayizi. Umbala ubomvu ngokubomvu, ama-ocher shades. Isifazane sinesisindo esicishe sibe yingxenye sesisindo sesilisa. Isisindo sowesifazane sifinyelela ku-765 amagremu, abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisindo esingu-300-350 amagremu. Ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Falcon - IGyrfalcon iboniswe engutsheni yezingalo zaseKyrgyzstan. Futhi imali engu-500 Kazakh tenge ibonisa uheshe - uSaker Falcon.
Indawo yokuhlala
Lezi zinyoni ezidlayo zihlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwezigxobo ezisenyakatho naseningizimu. Intsha kuphela endiza ibusika. Abavuthiwe bahlala emakhaya, behamba namakhaza asondele emizimbeni yamanzi. Bathanda ama-steppes nama-semi-desert. AmaGyrfalcons akhetha izindawo ezisogwini zamazwe asenyakatho. EYurophu, izintaba namawa kakhulu kuyathandwa. Okholeji bamaPeregine bazulazule cishe zonke izimpilo zabo futhi bangatholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo yomhlaba.
Ukudla kwe-Falcon
Idla izinyoni ezincane, amagundane, izinambuzane. Ingadla amaxoxo, izinyoka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi. Idla zonke izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele ezincane ngosayizi. Isisulu asinawo amathuba okubona ukhozi kusengaphambili futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubaleka. Umlomo wengwegwe ushaya ngamandla, bese inyoni idwengula isidumbu sibe izicucu.
Okubalulekile! Ekuthunjweni, kubalulekile ukondla umdlalo, ngaphandle kwalokho uheshe angagula kakhulu.
Ukuze uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lusebenze ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, izinyoni eziningi zidinga izimpaphe namathambo amancane. Ngokwemvelo, bedla ukudla okuphelele, bathola konke abakudingayo ngasikhathi sinye. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kudliwe, kwakhiwa i-pellet - lokhu kungumfucumfucu obuye ubuyiselwe yinyoni.
Izinyoni ezinempilo kufanele zibe nama-pellets ajwayelekile, angenawo amabala anegazi kanye nephunga elibi. Okondla ekhaya, amagundane, amagundane, nezinyoni ezincane zinikezwa ziphelele ngaphandle kwesikhumba. Zondliwa ngokuya ngeminyaka. Lapho inyoni indala, kudingeka ukuthi iphakelwe kancane.
- Lapho unamasonto amabili - cishe izikhathi eziyisithupha ngosuku. Kulokhu, udinga ukunikeza izingcezu ezincane zenyama ezifakwe kwisisombululo se-saline esibuthakathaka. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukulingisa amathe omama, okusiza iphuphu ukuthi ligaye kahle.
- Kuze kube yinyanga - cishe izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku;
- Kuze kube inyanga eyodwa nengxenye - izikhathi 3-4;
- Kuze kube izimpaphe ezigcwele - ukondla izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-Falcon ayedwa... Lo mbhangqwana wakhiwa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ezinyonini ezihlala eningizimu yezwe, isikhathi siqala ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti. Kepha kwabamele inyakatho ye-falconry, izinsuku ziyashintshwa: kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMashi. Umdanso wokukhwelana wenziwa esibhakabhakeni. Owesilisa uvame ukuletha isipho kowesifazane ngoqhwaku lwaso phakathi nezindiza ezinhle nezinejubane elikhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi insikazi neyeduna zigijimela phansi ngejubane elikhulu, zinamathele kuzipho zazo. Ngakho-ke, angandiza afike kumamitha ayi-10.
Indawo yokwakha izidleke ikhethwa ngokucophelela. Kukhethwa ama-nook aphephile. Insikazi izalela amaqanda amane abomvu. Kukholakala ukuthi lapho owesifazane esinda, unika inzalo ethe xaxa. Amaqanda afukanywa yibo bobabili abazali ngokulandelana. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe inyanga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inani lamachwane esikhathi esizayo esidlekeni lincike ekwanele kokudla okunomsoco: ngokwanda kwawo, kubekwa amaqanda amaningi.
Okhohlisi bangabazali abakhathalelayo. Amachwane avikelekile ngokuvikela isihlava. Kepha, lapho nje oklebe bekhula, cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa, ngokushesha kufanele bashiye isidleke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunengozi yokuhlaselwa ngabazali babo, abazizwa bencintisana ngokwemvelo kwabancane. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kulezi zinyoni kwenzeka lapho zinonyaka owodwa.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukhozi unezitha ezimbalwa. Lezi cishe zonke izidalwa ezinkulu. Izikhova nazo ziyingozi kuzo. Izimpungushe nama-martens, ama-weasel nama-ferrets aphanga izidleke, adla amatshwele. Kepha isitha esikhulu sikakhokho ngumuntu ocekela phansi imvelo, aqothule ukuzijabulisa noma asebenzise ubuthi ukulima izindawo zezolimo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Okwamanje, i-gyrfalcon ifakiwe kwiRed Book njengezilwane ezincipha ngenani.... Ukhozi lwe-Altai lusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Akukho lwazi olunokwethenjelwa lokuthi labo bantu benkonyane i-Altai manje abasezweni bahlanzekile ngokofuzo.
Okubalulekile! I-Saker falcon, i-peregrine falcon ne-kestrel nazo zisengozini.
Ukhozi lwaziwa umuntu isikhathi eside. Wayehlala esetshenziswa njengomzingeli omuhle kakhulu: obukhali, onamandla nombani osheshayo. Isikhathi eside, le nyoni ibingumngani othembekile wabantu abaqamba izinganekwane ngayo, izinikele futhi ikhulekele njengonkulunkulu ophilayo. Amakhosi esikhala sasemoyeni, izidalwa ezisabekayo nabazingeli abaphelele - kumayelana nokhokho.
