I-Ilka ikati lokudoba elingazidli izinhlanzi. Ngabe le marten enkulu kakhulu ibukeka kanjani futhi ihlala kanjani? Amaqiniso athakazelisayo avela empilweni yesilwane esincelisayo.
Incazelo ye-ilka
UMartes pennanti, owaziwa nangokuthi ikati lokudoba, uyisilwane esincelisayo esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo eNyakatho Melika. Ihlobene kakhulu ne-American marten, kepha iyayidlula ngosayizi.
I-Ilka ihlakazekile maphakathi nezwekazi, isuka ehlathini elibizayo eNyakatho Canada iye emngceleni osenyakatho we-United States.... Ububanzi bayo bokuqala babuseningizimu kakhulu, kepha kudala, lezi zilwane zazizingelwa, ngakho ngekhulu le-19 zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Imikhawulo yokudubula nokubamba izicupho kuholele ekuvuseleleni kwalezi zinhlobo kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi zithathwa njengezilokazane emadolobheni athile aseNew England.
U-Ilka uyisidleke esishesha esinomzimba omncane omncane. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ijahe inyamazane emigodini yezihlahla noma emgodini ingene emhlabathini. Uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umdobi. Naphezu kwegama laso, lesi silwane asivamile ukudla izinhlanzi. Iphuzu lilonke ekudidekeni kwamagama ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene. Igama layo lesiFulentshi lithi fichet, okusho ukuthi i-ferret. Ngenxa yalokho "ukuhumusha" kongwaqa okuguqulelwe esiNgisini, kwavela ukuthi ficher, okusho ukuthi "umdobi", yize befana kancane nabadobi.
Ukubukeka
Izilwane ezincelisayo zabesilisa ilka, ngokwesilinganiso, likhulu kunabesifazane. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa omdala buba phakathi kuka-900 kuye ku-1200 mm. Isisindo somzimba singeqi ku-3500-5000 amagremu. Umzimba wabesifazane usuka ku-750 kuye ku-950 mm ubude no-2000 kuye ku-2500 amagremu ngesisindo. Ubude bomsila besilisa buba phakathi kuka-370 no-410 mm, kanti ubude bomsila wabesifazane busuka ku-310 kuye ku-360 mm.
Umbala wejazi lika-Elk usukela kokuphakathi kuya kokumnyama nsundu. Kungaba khona nemibala yegolide neyesiliva etholakala ekhanda nasemahlombe esilwane. Umsila nezidladla ze-ilk zimbozwe izinwele ezimnyama. Futhi, indawo ekhanyayo ye-beige ingabekwa esifubeni sesilwane esidla ezinye. Umbala wephethini nephethini kuyahlukahluka kubantu, kuya ngobulili nangesizini. I-Ilka inezinzwani ezinhlanu; uzipho lwazo aluhlehleki.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
U-Ilka ungumgibeli wesihlahla osheshayo futhi osheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kaningi lezi zilwane zihamba phansi. Bodwa bodwa. Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ama-elks ake ahamba ngababili noma ngamaqembu, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokuziphatha kokukhwelana. Ukubonakaliswa kobudlova kuvame ukubonwa phakathi kwabesilisa, okuqinisekisa kuphela impilo yabo yesizungu esingenalutho. Lezi zidliwayo ziyasebenza emini nasebusuku. Bangaba ukubhukuda beshesha.
Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zisebenzisa izindawo zokuphumula ezinjengemigodi yemithi, iziphunzi, imigodi, izinqwaba zamagatsha nezidleke zamagatsha kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Ebusika, imigodi yobumba isebenza njengekhaya labo. I-Ilka ingahlala ezidlekeni unyaka wonke, kepha imvamisa ihlala kuzo entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Izindawo zokuhlala zasebusika, zakha izindlu zekhephu, ezibukeka njengemigodi engaphansi kweqhwa, enemihubhe eminingi emincane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Awukwazi ukuhlangana nabo kaningi, njengoba benemvelo "eyimfihlo."
Ubukhulu bendawo evikelekile buhluka kusuka kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-15 kuye kwangama-35, ngesilinganiso samakhilomitha-skwele angama-25. Izindawo ngazinye zabesilisa zinkulu kunabesifazane futhi zingadibana nazo, kepha imvamisa azihambelani nobubanzi babanye abesilisa. Abantu be-Elk banomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela, ukuzwa nokubona. Baxhumana omunye nomunye ngokumaka iphunga.
Yize eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lalezi zilwane ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi eningizimu ye-Ontario naseNew York, selivele liyalulama. Kulezi zindawo, zivumelane kakhulu nobukhona bomuntu zaze zangena zangena ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwamadolobha. Kulezi zindawo, kuye kwaba nemibiko eminingi yokuhlaselwa okungafani nezilwane ezifuywayo ngisho nezingane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zidlakela zazizama nje ukuthola ukudla nokuzivikela, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukubiza lokhu njengento enhle. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo, izakhamizi zendawo zacelwa ukuthi zinciphise ukutholakala kukadoti, okunye ukudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nezinkukhu zasekhaya. Lapho ucindezelekile, ilk iyakwazi ukusabela ngolaka kusongo olubonakalayo. Futhi, abamele abagulayo bezinhlobo bangaziphatha ngokungalindelekile.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani ilka
Ama-Ilks angaphila iminyaka engaba yishumi endle.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Ilka itholakala eNyakatho Melika kuphela, kusukela eSierra Nevada kuya eCalifornia kuya kuma-Appalachians, eNtshonalanga Virginia naseVirginia. Abantu babo banwebeka ngaseSierra Nevada naseningizimu ngasentabeni ye-Appalachian. Abatholakali emathafeni noma ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-United States. Okwamanje, inani labo labantu lehlile engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga labo.
Lezi zilwane zithanda amahlathi e-coniferous ukuze zihlale kuzo, kepha futhi zitholakala emasimini axubekile nalawo anqabile.... Zikhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezinamahlathi amakhulu ukuze kwakheke izidleke. Bakhangwa nezindawo zokuhlala ezinenani elikhulu lezihlahla eziyize. Lokhu kuvame ukufaka amahlathi lapho kune-spruce, fir, thuja nezinye izinhlobo ezinqabayo. Njengoba ungalindela, ukukhetha kwabo indawo yokuhlala kubonisa isisulu sabo abasithandayo.
Ukudla kuka-Ilka
I-Ilka yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Yize iningi labamele bengabalandeli bokudla okuxubile. Zimunca kokubili ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ukuphathwa okuthandwa kakhulu ngama-voles, izingungumbane, izingwejeje, izinyoni, izinyoni ezincane kanye nama-shrews. Kwesinye isikhathi ubuhlakani bukwazi ukuphatha ukubamba esinye isilwane esidla inyama njengesidlo sasemini. Bangadla nezithelo namajikijolo. U-Ilki ukulungele ukujabulela ama-apula noma zonke izinhlobo zamantongomane ngenjabulo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isisekelo sokudla kuseyimikhiqizo yenyama, ngesimo sezinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla womhlaba.
Lezi zinhlobo, njenge-American marten, ziyisidalwa esinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, esidakayo. Bakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kokubili emagatsheni ezihlahla nasemigodini yobumba, emigodini yezihlahla nakwezinye izindawo ezinqunyelwe indawo yokuqondisa. Bangabazingeli bodwa, ngakho-ke bafuna inyamazane engekho enkulu kunabo. Yize ilks zikwazi ukunqoba inyamazane enkulu kakhulu kunayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngemidlalo yokukhwelana ka-Ilka. Ukuntuleka kolwazi kuhlotshaniswa nokuziphatha kwabo okuyimfihlo. Ukukhwelana kungahlala emahoreni ayisikhombisa. Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ngasekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa, imibungu isesimweni sokumiswa okwesikhashana izinyanga eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-11, futhi ukuqala kokukhula kuqala ngasekupheleni kobusika ngemuva kokukhwelana. Ngokuvamile, ukukhulelwa kuhlala cishe unyaka ogcwele, kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-11 kuye kwezingu-12. Isibalo samathole esisekungcoleni singu-3. Inani lezingane lingahluka lisuka ku-1 liye kwelesi-6. Owesifazane ophile kahle ngokomzimba ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka emibili ubudala.
Ngemuva kokufinyelela eminyakeni yokuzala, njengomthetho, i-ilka ibeletha unyaka nonyaka. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane abaningi basebenzisa cishe yonke impilo yabo yabantu abadala besesimweni sokukhulelwa noma sokuncelisa. Abesilisa bohlobo futhi bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka emibili. Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhula ngaphandle ngamanani ahlukile. Insikazi ifinyelela isisindo sesilwane esikhulile inezinyanga ezineminyaka engu-5.5. Abesilisa bangemuva konyaka owodwa wokuphila.
I-young ilk izalwa iyimpumputhe futhi icishe inqunu ngokuphelele... Ingane ngayinye esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingama-40 amagremu. Amehlo avuleka cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-53 ngemuva kokuzalwa. Balunyulwa ngumama anamasonto ayi-8-10 ubudala. Kepha bahlala esidlekeni somndeni izinyanga ezifika kwezine. Njengoba kungalesi sikhathi kuphela abazimela ngokwanele ukuthi bangazingela bodwa. I-male ilk ayisizi ukukhulisa nokukhulisa inzalo yabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Abantu abasha balezi zinhlobo bavame ukuwela ogibeni, izimpungushe, ama-lynx noma izimpisi.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abadala, njengomthetho, baphephe ngokuphelele futhi abanazitha zemvelo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-Ilks adlala indima ebalulekile njengezilwane ezidla imvelo... Imvamisa bancintisana nezimpungushe, ama-lynx, ama-coyotes, ama-wolverine, ama-marten aseMelika kanye ne-ermines lapho besebenza. Banempilo enhle kakhulu futhi cishe abangahlaseli kunoma yiziphi izifo. Kaningi, ilk iba yizisulu zezandla zomuntu ngenxa yenani loboya bazo. Ukubanjiswa esikhathini esedlule, kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngobuningi kanye namahlathi ahlanganisiwe, kube nomthelela omkhulu kubantu balezi zilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ezingxenyeni ezithile zeNyakatho Melika, njengeMichigan, i-Ontario, iNew York, nezingxenye zeNew England, abantu base-illek babonakala sengathi batholakale muva nje. Abantu baseSouth Sierra Nevada baphakanyiselwe ukuvikelwa ngaphansi koMthetho Wezilwane Ezisengozini.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zabo eziyizintandokazi kushiya kungekho khetho kulabo abadla ezinye ezinoboya. Ama-zoo abhekane nesikhathi esinzima sokubamba nokuchaya ngokweqile lezi zilwane, kodwa kube nempumelelo ethize. Ngempela, okwamanje kunabantu abaningi abachumayo nabaphilile be-ilka. Kwasungulwa nohlelo olukhethekile lokukhulisa nokugcina ukusebenza kwalezi zilwane ekuthunjweni.
