I-badger ejwayelekile (Meles meles) isilwane esincelisayo sohlobo lwezinhlobo zezimbuzi kanye nomndeni wakwaCunya. Isilwane esixakile sinokubukeka okumangazayo, okwenza kube lula ukusihlukanisa, uma kunesidingo, kwabanye abameleli abaningi be-Carnivorous oda kanye nohlobo lweBadger.
Incazelo yebheji
Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi zama-badger ezaziwa kuze kube manje zifanelekile phakathi kwabakhulu kunabo bonke abamele umndeni onabile kakhulu we-Kunya, futhi futhi zibonakala ngomzimba ovalwe ngokuqinile nangamahloni ngenxa yokwanda okubonakalayo kwesiqu ngemuva.
Ukubukeka
Ikhanda le-badger linwetshiwe, ngamehlo aphakathi nendawo nezindlebe ezimfushane, eziyindilinga... Emazingeni we-caudal kukhona izindlala zangasese, ezenzelwe ukukhipha uketshezi olubi, olunephunga. Into ekhishwe iphunga livumela izilwane ukuthi zingagcini ngokubona izihlobo zazo, kepha futhi ngezinga elithile zixhumane. Isilwane sinemilenze emifushane futhi eqinile enezinzipho eziqinile nezigobekile eziguqulwe ukudiliza umhlabathi. Okuwukuphela kwamadladla wesilwane sohlobo oluthile lokuhamba ze. Ngezindawo ezihlafunwayo ezicijile zeminyango yangemuva, isilwane sigaya noma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo.
Indawo yesiqu kanye nomsila imbozwe ngezinwele eziqaphile, ezinamakhasi amade nezinwele ezinde zokuqapha. Ukuba khona kwengubo yangaphansi emfushane futhi ezacile nakho kuphawuliwe. Uboya obusekhanda nasemilenzeni bufushane ngokuphawulekayo. AmaBadger abonakala ngokuncibilika kancane kwe-molting, okwenzeka kulo lonke ihlobo. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yentwasahlobo, ukulahleka kwengubo yangaphansi kuyabonakala, futhi ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lesi silwane sisebenza ngokulahlekelwa izinwele zokuqapha. Uboya obudala bezilwane buwela eduze nasekwindla, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ukubuya kabusha kancane kancane kwe-awn entsha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ibheji lenduna likhulu kunowesifazane, kanti ubude bomzimba wesilwane esidala buyahluka phakathi kuka-60-90 cm, nobude bomsila obungu-20-24 cm kanye nesisindo somzimba esingeqile ku-23-24 kg. Isisindo sebheji ngaphambi kokulala ubuthongo singafinyelela kuma-33-34 kg.
Umbala uyehluka kuye ngezici zesifunda, kepha ukuba khona koboya obunsundu ngombala ngemuva kanye nezinwele ezimnyama kulo lonke igebe kungathathwa njengezimpawu ezijwayelekile. Ezinhlangothini zesilwane, njengomthetho, kukhona "ama-ripples" akhanyayo. Endaweni yekhanda kunomugqa omnyama odlula ngamehlo kusuka ekhaleni le-badger, uvale izindlebe noma uthinte imiphetho engenhla. Ibunzi nezihlathi zinombala omhlophe ophuzi, ophuzi noma onsundu. Umbala woboya ehlobo ubumnyama, ngombala obomvu. Kubantu abasha, umbala omncane okhanyayo futhi obiziwe uyisici.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izilwane ezindala zinamathele kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala ekhethwe ekuqaleni... Usayizi ojwayelekile wesakhiwo ngasinye ungafika kuma-500-510 ha noma ngaphezulu. Abantu abazimele bodwa bakhetha ukuhlala emigodini elula ngokungena / ukuphuma kanye negumbi lokudlela ngqo. Lezi zindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi “izindawo zebheji” ziyizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinamacala amaningi ngaphansi komhlaba ezinenani elikhulu lokungena / lokuphuma kanye nokuvuleka komoya. Futhi “kulawo madolobha abiyelwe” kunemigudu emide ejika ibe ngamakamelo amakhulu wokujula.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-bandicoot noma i-marsupial badger
- I-Skunk (Merhitidae)
- UMartens
Phansi kwesidleke kumbozwe imibhede eyomile. Igumbi lokushutheka, njengomthetho, litholakala ngaphansi kwezingqimba ezingenawo amanzi, ezisebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile sezilwane nenzalo yazo emanzini omhlaba noma asemkhathini.
Enkambeni yokuhlanzwa komgodi ngezikhathi ezithile, okwenziwa yizilwane ezindala, kususwa yonke imfucumfucu endala futhi egugile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Badger yizilwane ezingenalo ulaka lwemvelo kubantu noma kwezinye izilwane, kodwa ngenhloso yokuzivikela, isilwane esincelisayo esinjalo singaluma noma sishaye kabuhlungu umphikisi waso ngamakhala aso.
Imigodi ye-Badger ivame ukuhlala nezinye izilwane, kufaka phakathi izimpungushe nezinja ze-raccoon. Ngokuqala kobusika kuze kube sentwasahlobo, izimbila zingena ebusika, futhi ngalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa komzimba lesilwane lingama-34.5 kuphelamayelanaC. AmaBadger yizilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama ezinendlela yokuphila yasebusuku, kepha imvamisa izilwane ezinjalo zingatholakala ngisho kungakabi mnyama.
Kuhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani imbila
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, ama-badger ahlali ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nambili, futhi ekuthunjweni, isilwane esinjalo singaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu noma eyishumi nesithupha. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, amazinga okufa kwabantu abasha afinyelela uhhafu wengqikithi. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezilwane isinda ize iye ebusheni.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokusabalalisa kanye nendawo yokuhlala yamabheji iyahluka ngokuya ngezimpawu ze-subspecies:
- M. meles meles bahlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ama-badger okuthiwa yi-Europe ngobukhulu bawo ngobukhulu;
- M. meles marianensis atholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseSpain nakwezinye izindawo zasePortugal;
- M. meles leucurus noma imbila yase-Asiatic ihlala ezifundeni zaseRussia, indawo yaseTibet, eChina naseJapan, futhi ifana nezinhlayiya zaseYurophu ngosayizi;
- UM.Meles anaguma noma amabheji aseMpumalanga Ekude angabamele izinhlobo ezincane ngosayizi;
- M. meles cannes noma amabheji ase-Asia Ephakathi, afana nokuvela kwama-subspecies aseYurophu.
Njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa, indawo engokwemvelo yama-badger ihlathiwe namahlathi e-taiga, ezindaweni ezingaphansi kakhulu kwamahlathi asezintabeni. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zalolu hlu, izilwane zasendle ezinjalo zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasehlane eliwugwadule.
Isilwane sithanda izindawo ezomile, ezinamanzi amaningi ezinamachibi aseduze noma izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinamanzi, ngenxa yezici zesisekelo sokudla esiyinhloko.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izilwane ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ziyalala phakathi nesikhathi sasebusika, kepha ama-badger ahlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu ahlala esebenza unyaka wonke.
Ukudla kwe-Badger
Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi zama-badgers zingezesigaba sezilwane ezingama-omnivorous, okudliwayo okungamelwa izilwane kuphela kepha nokudla kwezitshalo.... Abamele i-oda Predatory kanye nohlobo lweBadger bakudla ngenjabulo amagundane afana negundane, izinambuzane kanye nesigaba sabo sesibungu, zonke izinhlobo zezimbungulu, ama-bumblebees neminyovu, izinyoni ezincane nezinwabuzelayo, kanye nemisundu, iminenke nama-slugs.
Kwesinye isikhathi izimbila zibamba amahares asanda kuzalwa, amaqanda ezinyoni, hhayi izibankwa nezinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka ezinobuthi. Kanye nezinye izilwane, ama-badger anokuvikeleka okuncane kobuthi bezinyoka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuqala kwamakhaza okuqala kuhambisana nokubonakala kokuvilapha kwezilwane kanye nokwehla komsebenzi, ngenxa yokuthi wonke amafutha agcinwa ehlobo nasekwindla asetshenziswa kahle kakhulu.
Njengokudla kwezitshalo, isilwane esincelisayo esikhethekile sikhetha ama-rhizomes ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene nesikhunta, izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo nezitshalo zamajikijolo, ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wesilwane ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Kwezinye izimo, ama-badger asebenzisa okusanhlamvu okunomsoco ekudleni, kufaka phakathi ama-oats lapho kukhula khona ubisi.
Izilwane azidli ukudla okungaphezu kwesigamu sekhilogremu nsuku zonke, kepha njengoba isikhathi sokulala ubusika sisondela, ama-badger andisa inani lokudla ezikudlayo, okuzivumela ukuthi zithole inani elanele lama-lipids, elichithwa ebusika.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalanisa ama-badger ama-subspecies ahlukene siwela ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, futhi phakathi kokunye, isikhathi esiphelele sokukhulelwa siyehluka. Kanye namanye amalungu omndeni wakwaCunya, izimbila zithwala inzalo yazo izinyanga eziyishumi noma eziyishumi nanye.
Kudoti owodwa, kuzalwa izigaxa ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha, ezizalwa zinokwehluka kwesikhathi - amawundlu aseYurophu azalwa ngoDisemba-Ephreli, nasensimini yezwe lethu - maphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Izimbila ezisanda kuzalwa ziyizimpumputhe futhi azinakuzisiza, futhi umzimba wazo umbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe obungavamile... Amehlo ezingane avuleka cishe abe yinyanga eyodwa nohhafu, ngemuva kwalokho izingane ezincane ziqala ukuvela emgodini wazo.
Ama-badger anezinyanga ezimbili ubudala asebevele ekhuthele kakhulu, ngakho-ke, bayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade kakhulu nabesifazane befuna ukudla. Izilwane sezikulungele ukudla okuzimele sezivele zinezinyanga ezintathu, kanti ama-badger avuthwa ngokocansi kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu kuphela.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-Badger cishe awanazo izitha zemvelo, kepha amaphakethe e-wolf, izinja zasendle kanye ne-lynx enkulu angabeka ingozi ethile kulabo abamele uhlobo lwe-Predatory and Badger. Abanye abantu abadala bafa ngenqubo yezimpi ezingalingani zokungavikeleki kwendawo yesiza ngasinye.
Okubalulekile! Inani elikhulu lama-badger lifa ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwezindawo ezakhiwe kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu, kanye nangesikhathi sokucekelwa phansi okukhulu kwezindawo zokugcina izinto ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinguquko ku-landscape ezindaweni zezilwane.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abazingeli kanye nemisebenzi yezomnotho noma yezimboni esebenzayo kakhulu yabantu kuthinta inani lama-badger. Muva nje, amacala okubamba abantu abasha ngenhloso yokuyigcina njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingavamile futhi ezingathobekile abe esevame kakhulu.
Azikho izinkinga ezikhethekile ngokugcina izilwane ezinjalo ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke ukuthandwa kwama-badger asekhaya kukhula kancane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Noma yimaphi ama-subspecies ama-badger manje asezilwane zasendle, "Okubangela Ukukhathazeka Okuncane", noma "Under Minimum Threat of Extinction", ngakho-ke, inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo zalabo bameleli be-oda Predatory kanye nohlobo lweBadger abekho engozini maduzane.
