"Le yinyoni enhle," - lena yindlela isihambi saseRussia uGrigory Karelin, owafunda ngemvelo yaseKazakhstan ngekhulu le-19, akhuluma ngayo ngomlomo obomvu (i-flamingo). "Ubukeka ngokufana phakathi kwezinyoni nekamela phakathi kwezinyawo ezine," kuchaza uKarelin umcabango wakhe.
Incazelo yama-flamingo
Ngempela, ukubukeka kwale nyoni kuyaphawuleka - umzimba omkhulu, imilenze ephakeme kakhulu nentamo, isici esinomlomo ogobile nezimpaphe ezimangalisayo ze-pink. Umndeni we-Phoenicopteridae (i-flamingos) uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-4, ezihlanganiswe zaba yizihlobo ezintathu: abanye bama-ornithologists bakholelwa ukuthi kusenezinhlobo ezinhlanu. Izizukulwane ezimbili zanyamalala kudala.
Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zezinsalela ze-flamingo zatholakala e-UK. Amalungu amancane kakhulu omndeni ama-flamingo amancane (anesisindo esingu-2 kg nangaphansi kwe-1 m ubude), futhi athandwa kakhulu yi-Phoenicopterus ruber (ama-flamingo ajwayelekile), akhula afike ku-1.5 m futhi anesisindo esingu-4-5 kg.
Ukubukeka
I-Flamingo ngokufanele ayiphethe isihloko hhayi kuphela semilenze emide kakhulu, kodwa futhi nenyoni ende ende... I-flamingo inekhanda elincane, kodwa uqhwaku olukhulu, olukhudlwana nolugobile, okuthi (ngokungafani nezinyoni eziningi) lungahambisi uqhwaku olungezansi, kodwa uqhubu olungaphezulu. Unqenqema loqhwaku olukhulu lunamapuleti nama-denticles, ngosizo lwawo izinyoni ezihluza i-slurry ukuthola ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Intamo yayo (maqondana nosayizi womzimba) yinde futhi izacile kunaleyo yedada, ngenxa yalokho i-flamingo iyakhathala ukuyigcina iqonde futhi iyiphonsa ngezikhathi ezithile emhlane ukuze iphumule imisipha.
Amapuleti angama-Horny nawo akhona engxenyeni engenhla yolimi oluyinyama. Kuma-flamingo, ingxenye ephezulu ye-tibia inezimpaphe, kanti umcibisholo ucishe ube kathathu ubude kunowokugcina. Ulwelwesi olwenziwe kahle lokubhukuda lubonakala phakathi kwezinzwani zangaphambili, kanti inzwane yangemuva incane kakhulu noma ayikho. Izimpaphe zikhululekile futhi zithambile. Kunezindawo ezingenazimpaphe ekhanda - izindandatho ezizungeze amehlo, isilevu namatomu. Amaphiko wobude obulinganiselayo, obubanzi, anemiphetho emnyama (hhayi njalo).
Umsila omfushane uqukethe izimpaphe zomsila eziyi-12-16, kuthi umbhangqwana ophakathi ube mude kunayo yonke. Akuwona wonke ama-flamingo anemibala ebomvu (kusuka kupinki omhlophe kuya ophephuli), kwesinye isikhathi angabi mhlophe noma mpunga.
Obhekene nokufaka imibala ama-lipochromes, imibala yembala engena emzimbeni kanye nokudla. Iphiko liyi-1.5 m. Ngesikhathi se-molt ehlala inyanga, i-flamingo ilahlekelwa izimpaphe ezimpikweni zayo bese iba sengozini enkulu, ilahlekelwe amandla okusuka engozini.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
AmaFlamingo yizinyoni ezihlelayo, ezizulazula kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku emanzini angajulile zifuna ukudla futhi ziphumule ngezikhathi ezithile. Baxhumana bodwa besebenzisa imisindo ekhumbuza amakhokhasi amahansi, ama-bass amaningi kuphela futhi azwakala kakhulu. Ebusuku, izwi le-flamingo lizwakala njengehubo lecilongo.
Lapho sisongelwa ngumzingeli noma umuntu osemkhunjini, umhlambi uqala ngokuya ohlangothini, bese uphumela emoyeni. Kuyiqiniso, ukusheshisa kunikezwa ngobunzima - inyoni igijima amamitha amahlanu emanzini angajulile, ishaya izimpiko zayo, futhi isivele ikhuphuka, yenza ezinye "izinyathelo" ezimbalwa ngaphezulu kwamanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma ubheka umhlambi ngezansi, kubonakala sengathi iziphambano zindiza zindiza esibhakabhakeni - emoyeni i-flamingo yelulela intamo yayo phambili futhi iqondise imilenze yayo emide.
Ama-flamingos endizayo nawo aqhathaniswa nomqhele wegesi, onezixhumanisi ezikhanya ngokubomvu ngokugqamile, bese uyaphuma, ukhombise obukayo imibala emnyama yezimpaphe. AmaFlamingo, yize enobuhle bawo obungajwayelekile, angaphila ezimeni ezicindezela ezinye izilwane, njengasemachibini asawoti / ane-alikhali.
Azikho izinhlanzi lapha, kepha kukhona ama-crustaceans amaningi amancane (ama-brine shrimp) - ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-flamingos. Isikhumba esiminyene emilenzeni futhi sivakashela amanzi ahlanzekile, lapho ama-flamingo egeza khona usawoti futhi aqede ukoma kwawo, kusindisa izinyoni endaweni enobudlova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-crane yaseJapane
- UKitoglav
- I-Ibises
- Unobhala nyoni
Mangaki ama-flamingo ahlala
Abaqaphi bezinyoni balinganisela ukuthi endle, izinyoni ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30-40... Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sicishe saphindwa kabili. Bathi kwesinye seziqiwi kuhlala iflamingo ebigubha iminyaka engama-70 lasungulwa.
Ngimi ngomlenze owodwa
Lokhu kwazi akuzange kusungulwe ngama-flamingo - izinyoni eziningi ezinemilenze emide (kufaka phakathi onogolantethe) zijwayela isithende esinomlenze owodwa ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa esimweni sezulu esinomoya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso lokuthi le nyoni igodola ngokushesha kusolwa imilenze yayo emide ngokweqile, icishe ingabi nhlobo okonga izimpaphe. Yingakho i-flamingo iphoqeleka ukuba ingene futhi ifudumeze umlenze owodwa noma omunye.
Ukusuka ngaphandle, iposi libukeka lingakhululeki neze, kepha i-flamingo uqobo aluzwa lutho. Umlenze osekelayo uhlala unwetshiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amandla emisipha, ngoba awagoqi ngenxa yento ethile yokwakheka komzimba.
Umshini ofanayo usebenza lapho i-flamingo ihleli egatsheni: imisipha emilenzeni egobile iyelula futhi iphoqa iminwe ukuba ibambe igatsha ngokuqinile. Uma inyoni izumeka, "ukubamba" akwenzi buthakathaka, kuyivikele ekuweni esihlahleni.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaFlamingo atholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele:
- Afrika;
- Asia;
- Melika (Ephakathi neseNingizimu);
- ENingizimu Yurophu.
Ngakho-ke, amakoloni amaningana amakhulu ama-flamingo ajwayelekile ayabonakala eningizimu yeFrance, eSpain naseSardinia. Yize iqiniso lokuthi amakoloni ezinyoni ngokuvamile abalelwa kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-flamingo, alukho kulezi zinhlobo olungaqhosha ngobubanzi obuqhubekayo. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngokwahlukana, ezindaweni lapho kwesinye isikhathi zihlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane.
AmaFlamingo ngokuvamile ahlala ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi angajulile kasawoti noma olwandle olungashoni, ezama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile. Kuzala amachibi asezintabeni eziphakeme (i-Andes) nasemathafeni (Kazakhstan). Izinyoni zihlala zihlala phansi (azulazuli kaningi). Abantu be-flamingo abavamile abahlala emazweni asenyakatho kuphela abafudukayo.
Ukudla kweFlamingo
Isimo sokuthula samaFlamingo siyonakala lapho izinyoni kufanele zilwele ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubudlelwano obuhle bomakhelwane buphela, buphenduka indawo yokuqoshwa kwezindawo eziningi.
Ukudla kwama-flamingo kuqukethe izinto eziphilayo nezitshalo njenge:
- ama-crustaceans amancane;
- izimbaza;
- izibungu zezinambuzane;
- izibungu zamanzi;
- ulwelwe, kufaka phakathi i-diatoms.
Ukwenziwa kokudla okuncane kubonakala kwisakhiwo somlomo: ingxenye yaso engenhla ifakwe iflothi esekela ikhanda emanzini.
Izigaba zokudla okunempilo zishintsha ngokushesha futhi zibukeka kanjena:
- Ifuna iplankton, le nyoni iphendula ikhanda ukuze uqhwaku lube ngezansi.
- I-flamingo ivula umlomo wayo, ikha amanzi, bese iyayivala.
- Amanzi acindezelwa kusihlungi ngolimi bese okuphakelayo kugwinywa.
Ukukhethwa kokudla kwama-flamingo kuyancipha ngokuqhubekayo kohlobo ngalunye. Isibonelo, ama-flamingo kaJames adla izimpukane, iminenke nama-diatom. Ama-flamingo amancane adla kuphela okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-diatom, ashintshela kuma-rotifers kanye ne-brine shrimp kuphela lapho imizimba yamanzi isoma.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngendlela, umbala opinki wezimpaphe uncike ebukhoneni bama-crustaceans abomvu aqukethe i-carotenoids ekudleni. Ama-crustaceans amaningi, umbala uba namandla kakhulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngaphandle kokuzala okuphuzile (iminyaka emi-5-6), abesifazane bayakwazi ukubeka amaqanda eminyakeni emibili... Lapho izidleke, amakoloni e-flamingo akhula abe yizinyoni eziyingxenye yesigidi, kanti izidleke ngokwazo azikho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-0.5-0.8 ngaphandle komunye nomunye.
Izidleke (ezivela kusilika, idwala le-shell nodaka) azihlali zakhiwe emanzini angajulile, kwesinye isikhathi ama-flamingo azakha (kusuka ezimpapheni, otshanini nasematsheni) eziqhingini ezinamadwala noma zibekela amaqanda azo esihlabathini ngqo ngaphandle kokwenza iziphazamiso. Encwadini bamba kukhona 1-3 amaqanda (imvamisa amabili), okuyinto bobabili abazali bafukamela izinsuku ezingama-30-32.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaFlamingo ahlala esidlekeni afake imilenze ngaphakathi. Ukuze ivuke, inyoni idinga ukutshekisa ikhanda, ibeke umlomo wayo phansi bese iqondisa izingalo zayo.
Amachwane azalwa enemilomo eqondile, eqala ukugoba ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa umkhuhlane wokuqala ushintshela kwenye. "Usuvele uliphuzile igazi lethu," - ilungelo lokubhekisa le nkulumo ezinganeni, mhlawumbe, ama-flamingo ngokunembile azondla ngobisi, lapho i-23% yigazi labazali.
Ubisi, olulinganiswa nenani lokudla okunomsoco obisini lwenkomo, lunombala obomvana futhi lukhiqizwa yizindlala ezikhethekile ezisendaweni yomphongo wenyoni endala. Umama wondla amantshontsho ngobisi lwezinyoni isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezimbili, kuze kube yilapho uqhwaku lwamachwane ekugcineni luqina. Ngokushesha nje lapho uqhwaku selukhulile futhi lwakha, i-flamingo encane iqala ukuzifunela yodwa.
Ngezinyanga ezi-2,5, ama-flamingo amancane athatha iphiko, akhule alingane nezinyoni ezindala, futhi andizele kude nekhaya labazali bawo. AmaFlamingo yizinyoni ezizodwa, eziguqula ngazimbili kuphela lapho kufa umlingani wazo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphezu kwabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho, izidlo ezidliwayo zihlukaniswa njengezitha zemvelo zamaflamingo, kufaka phakathi:
- izimpisi;
- izimpungushe;
- izimpungushe;
- oklebe
- izinkozi.
Izilwane ezinamaphiko zivame ukuhlala eduze kwamakholoni e-flamingo. Ngezikhathi ezithile ezinye izilwane nazo ziyazizingela. Ibalekela usongo lwangaphandle, i-flamingo iyasuka, iphazamise isitha, esididekile yizimpaphe zezindiza ezimnyama eziyivimbela ukuthi igxile kokuqondiwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukuba khona kwama-flamingo akunakubizwa ngokuthi akunamafu - inani labantu alinciphi kangako ngenxa yezilwane ezidlayo, kodwa ngenxa yabantu..
Izinyoni zidutshulwa ngenxa yezimpaphe zazo ezinhle, izidleke zicekelwa phansi ngokuthola amaqanda amnandi, futhi futhi zixoshwa ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile, kwakhiwa izimayini, amabhizinisi amasha nemigwaqo emikhulu.
Izici ze-anthropogenic zona zibanga ukungcoliswa okungenakugwemeka kwemvelo, okuthinta kabi inani lezinyoni.
Okubalulekile! Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, ababheki bezinyoni babenesiqiniseko sokuthi balahlekelwe ama-flamingo kaJames unomphela, kodwa ngenhlanhla, izinyoni zaqhamuka ngo-1957. Namuhla, inani lalesi silwane nolunye uhlobo, i-Andesan flamingo, cishe bangabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-50.
Zombili lezi zinhlobo kukholakala ukuthi zisengozini. Amandla wokuphinda akhiqizwe aqoshwe kwiflamingo yaseChile, inani eliphelele eliseduze nezinyoni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200. Okukhathazeka kancane yi-flamingo encane, enabantu abasukela ezigidini ezi-4 kuye kweziyisithupha.
Izinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo zikhathazekile ngezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu, i-flamingo ejwayelekile, enabantu abaningi emhlabeni ababa ngamabhangqa ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14 kuye kwangama-35. Isimo sokongiwa kwe-pink flamingo silingana nama-acronyms ambalwa - izinyoni zingene eCITES 1, BERNA 2, SPEC 3, CEE 1, BONN 2 nase-AEWA zisengozini.
