Laba oshaka babhubhisa yonke imibono eyeqisayo mayelana nezilwane ezinonya zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi. Azinabungozi kumuntu futhi azinandaba kangako naye kunaye. Futhi sekuyisikhathi eside umuntu aqaphele lo mhlali ongaziwa ekujuleni kolwandle, hhayi njengezihlobo zakhe ezimbi. Futhi wamnika amagama amaningi ahlukene - "ushaka-ikati", "ushaka-umhlengikazi", "umashi oswidi", "ukhaphethi ushaka". Ngenxa yobuningi bezincazelo, kube nokudideka okuthile.
Izakhamizi zasogwini lweCaribbean zabiza laba oshaka abenziwe ngamakhekhe ngokuthi "cat sharks". Olimini lwendawo, leli gama lalizwakala njenge "nuss", lapho indlebe yamatilosi akhuluma isiNgisi ezwakala ngathi "unesi" - umhlengikazi, umhlengikazi. Kungani lo shaka waba umzanyana?
Ukusuka ekungazini okungenzeka komuntu owayekholelwa ukuthi njengoba lo shaki engabeki amaqanda futhi eyi-viviparous, khona-ke kufanele ondle inzalo yakhe. Kwakukhona ngisho nenkolelo yokuthi oshaka abangabahlengikazi bafihla izingane zabo emilonyeni yabo. Kepha akunjalo. Amaqanda asemlonyeni kashaka awaqhamuki. Lokhu kuvamile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-cichlid.
Ukuchazwa koshaka okumelwe benziwe ngamakhekhe
Ushaka oshiziwe noma oshaka ongumhlengikazi ungowesigaba sezinhlanzi ezihlwabusayo, isigaxa sezinhlanzi ezingama-lamellar, i-superorder yoshaka, ukuhleleka kwama-Wobbegongoids, kanye nomndeni wonesi oshaka. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalo mndeni: ushaka ongumhlengikazi ujwayelekile, ungushaka onamakhekhe, ogqwalile ongumhlengikazi noshaka onomsila omfishane.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Unesi ushaka ongumamadevu mkhulu kunabo bonke emndenini wakhe... Ubude bayo bungadlula amamitha ayi-4, kanti isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-170 kg. I-nurse shark egqwalile incane, ngobunzima ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ama-3, kanti ushaka omfishane omfishane awude uze ube yimitha ubude.
Lo shaka waba negama lakhe - "mustachioed" - ngezimpondo ezincane ezithambile ezinhle, okwenza zifane nenhlanzi eyikati. Imvelo ayiqhamukanga nalezi zimpondo ukuzijabulisa. Zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kusetshenziswa izintshebe, ushaka ongumhlengikazi "uskena" phansi izindawo zokuhlala ezifanele ukudla. Intshebe yeLacator yakhiwa ngamaseli abucayi kakhulu avumela ushaka ukuthi acoshe ngisho ukunambitheka kwezinto zasolwandle. Lo msebenzi othuthukiswe kahle unxephezela ushaka ongumhlengikazi ngombono wakhe ongemuhle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ushaka onenswebe ungaphefumula ngaphandle kokuvula umlomo, uhlale unganyakazi ngokuphelele.
Amehlo kamhlengikazi oshaka mancane futhi awachazeki, kodwa ngemuva kwawo kunesinye isitho esibaluleke kakhulu - isifafazi. Amanzi adonswa emigodini ngokusebenzisa isifutho. Futhi ngosizo lwawo, ushaka uphefumula ngenkathi uphansi. Umzimba we-nurse shark unomumo oyindilinga futhi unombala ophuzi noma onsundu.
Amabala amnyama amancane asakazeke kuyo yonke indawo yawo ehlelekile, kepha ayimpawu yabantu abasha kuphela. Ingaphambili lephambili likhulu kunelingemuva. Futhi i-lobe engezansi yomkhawulo we-caudal i-atrophied ngokuphelele. Kepha amaphiko we-pectoral athuthukiswe kahle. Ushaka ubadinga ukuthi balale phansi, babambelele phansi.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Ushaka obuthuntu
- Whale shark
- I-tiger shark
- Ushaka omkhulu omhlophe
Isakhiwo esithokozisayo somlomo kashaka ongumhlengikazi wamadevu: umlomo omncane nomphimbo onjengempompo onamandla... Ushaka onempevu awudabuli izicucu zawo, kodwa unamathela kulowo ohlukunyezwayo futhi, empeleni, umunceka kuwo uqobo, wenze umsindo oshayayo, ofana nokuqabula, ukuxegiswa kokuzola komzanyana onakekelayo. Ngendlela, lesi sici sokudla kwakhe sakha isisekelo solunye uhlobo lokuvela kwegama elinothando - umhlengikazi ushaka.
Abahlengikazi banamazinyo impela, bahlome ngamazinyo acabalele, angunxantathu, anemiphetho eboshiwe. Bangakwazi ukubhekana kalula namagobolondo aqinile wezinhlanzi zasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinyo oshaka abahlengikazi ahlala eshintsha, esikhundleni sokuphuka noma ukuphuma, amasha akhula ngokushesha.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Umhlengikazi oshaka bathethelela igama elingenabungozi futhi elinokuthula ngokuziphatha kwabo.
Banokuthula futhi abenzi lutho.... Emini, oshaka abenziwe ngamakhekhe bahlangana emihlambini futhi baqandeke ngokunganyakazi ekujuleni okujulile, begqibe amaphiko abo enhlabathini engezansi. Noma bakhetha amadwala asogwini, imifantu yamawa asogwini, amanzi afudumele, azolile angajulile amabhishi anamatshe okuzilibazisa. Futhi kabakhathaleli ukuthi i-dorsal fin inamathela ebusweni. Oshaka abafanelekile bayaphumula, balale ngemuva kokuzingela ebusuku.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umhlengikazi oshaka baphumula ngamaphakethe futhi bazingela bodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi banenguqulo yokuthi lezi zidlakela azicimi ngokuphelele futhi azilali ubuthongo obukhulu. Ngenkathi enye ingxenye yezwe iphumule, enye iphapheme. Lesi sici somzingeli oqaphile siyisici sezinye izinhlobo zoshaka.
Bangabazingeli abangajahile futhi abanekhono. Ihamba kancane ngokwemvelo, oshaka be-baleen basebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinzuzo zabo. Ukuzingela ebusuku kuyazivumela ukuthi zikhulise ukudla kwazo ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ezincanyana futhi zingabonakali emini, kepha ziyalala ebusuku.
Uma kukhulunywa ngama-gastropods, oshaka be-baleen bayabaphephetha bese bemunca okuqukethwe okumnandi kwegobolondo. Imvamisa ekuzingeleni, lab 'oshaka basebenzisa iqhinga lokungakwazi ukuhamba - baqhwaza ezansi ngamakhanda abo aphakanyisiwe, bancike emaphikweni abo we-pectoral. Ngakho-ke baveza into engenangozi ezinkalankala. Lapho inyamazane izala, umlingisi wokulingisa uvula umlomo wakhe omunca bese emboza isisulu.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umhlengikazi ushaka?
Uma konke kuhamba kahle empilweni ye-nanny shark - kunokudla okwanele, izinto zangaphandle ziyathandeka, futhi azange ziwele emanethini okudoba, khona-ke ingaphila iminyaka engama-25-30. Lokhu akukuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zikashaka opholile eziphila iminyaka eyi-100 ubudala. Izinqubo zokunciphisa ijubane zokuphila zezilwane ezisenyakatho zinomthelela. Uma ushaka oshisayo kakhulu, bufushane ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Futhi oshaka abenziwe ngamakhekhe bathanda izilwandle ezifudumele nolwandle.
Indawo yokuhlala
Oshaka abangabahlengikazi batholakala emanzini ashisayo nasethempelini. Bahlala e-Atlantic Ocean nasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Pacific Ocean.
Zitholakala futhi eshalofini lesiqhingi saseCaribbean naseLwandle Olubomvu.
- I-East Atlantic - isuka eCameroon iye eGabon.
- I-Eastern Pacific Ocean - isuka eCalifornia iye ePeru.
I-Western Atlantic - isuka eFlorida iye eningizimu yeBrazil. Izindawo ezihlala oshaka abangabahlengikazi zibonakaliswa ngamanzi angajulile. Akuvamile ukuthi lezi zidlakela zibhukude kude nolwandle bese ziya ekujuleni okukhulu. Bathanda izixhobo zamanzi, iziteshi neziteshi eziphakathi kwamaxhaphozi omhlume, amabhishi esihlabathi.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha ezisendaweni ezungezile zalezi zilwane ezithanda ukuthula azikaziwa. Imvamisa, oshaka be-baleen bayafa, babhajwe emanetheni okudoba, noma ezandleni zomuntu ofisa inyama yayo nesikhumba sayo esiqinile. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lukashaka alunanani elithile lentengiso.
Ukudla ushaka wamadevu
Ama-invertebrate angezansi ayisisekelo sokudla kukashaka omelwe ukwenziwa. Imenyu yabo ifaka phakathi: izimbaza, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, izinkalankala, imfanzi, i-octopus, squid, cuttlefish. Kufakwa izinhlanzi ezincane kulezi zilwandle: i-herring, i-mullet, i-parrot fish, i-blowfish, i-stingray stingray, i-surgeon fish. Kwesinye isikhathi esiswini soshaka abenziwe ngamakhekhe, ulwelwe kanye nezingcezu zamakhorali, izipanji zasolwandle ziyatholakala. Kepha kusobala ukuthi lokhu akukhona ukudla okuyinhloko kukashaka, kepha kungumphumela oseceleni wokumunca esinye isisulu.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana soshaka abangabahlengikazi senzeka phezulu ehlobo. Kuthatha cishe inyanga - kusuka maphakathi noJuni kuya maphakathi noJulayi. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqomisana nokuhlangana, okubandakanya izigaba ezinhlanu - ngokwazana kokuqala, ukubhukuda okuhambisanayo, ukusondela, ukubamba amaphiko wesifazane wamazinyo ngamazinyo nokumguqula abe sesimweni esilungele ukukhwelana - emhlane wakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Enkambeni yokubamba, owesilisa uvame ukulimaza umkhawulo wesifazane. Abesilisa abaningana babamba iqhaza ekulandelaneni emacaleni angama-50%, besizana ukubamba insikazi futhi benze ngokulingana.
Ushaka oshiziwe - ovoviviparous... Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzo zonke izinyanga eziyisithupha zokukhulelwa kwakhe, ukhulisa amaqanda ngaphakathi kwakhe afike esibelethweni futhi abelethe amawundlu agcwele - imibungu engaba ngu-30, u-27-30 cm lilinye. Umama akabashiyi emuseni wokudalelwa, kodwa ubalungisa ngokucophelela "emibhedeni" eboshwe ngokhula lwasolwandle. Ngenkathi oshaka bekhula, umhlengikazi ofakwe amakhekhe uyabagada.
Mhlawumbe yileli qhinga lokukhulisa inzalo elinikeze igama kuzinhlobo zikashaka. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo ezimagazi, ushaka ongumhlengikazi akalokothi adle inzalo yakhe. Oshaka abafanelekile bakhula kancane - 13 cm ngonyaka. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ngonyaka we-10 noma ngisho nowama-20. Ukulungela ukukhiqiza inzalo kuya ngosayizi womuntu ngamunye. Umjikelezo wokuzalisa uneminyaka emi-2. Owesifazane udinga unyaka nohhafu ukuze umzimba wakhe ululame ngokuphelele ekukhulelweni okulandelayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukuhamba kancane kanye nobuhle baboshaka babahlengikazi abenziwe ngamakhekhe kudlale ihlaya elinonya kubo... Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanjiswa ngokushesha, balalele impela, bavumela ukuthi bondliwe ngesandla. Konke lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi baqala ukubanjwa ngenkuthalo ngokugcinwa kuma-aquariums. Lokhu kuthinta kabi inani labantu bezinhlobo. Isibonelo, oshaka abangabahlengikazi base-Australia muva nje basongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Isibikezelo esihle sezinguquko kulesi simo singenziwa kuphela ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi olwandle lomhlaba, okuvula ithuba lokufudukela kubantu ngabanye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Oshaka babahlengikazi abenziwe ngamakhekhe bayaphikelela futhi baqeqeshwe kahle. Lokhu kubenza babe yizifundo ezifanele zocwaningo lwesayensi mayelana nokuziphatha kanye ne-physiology ekuthunjweni.
Namuhla, i-International Union for Conservation of Nature ikuthola kunzima ukuhlola ngokunembile isimo sezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-baleen nurse shark, zingenayo imininingwane eyanele. Kepha kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ukukhula kancane kwalaba shaki, kanye nokudoba kwabo okunamandla, kuyinhlanganisela eyingozi ngosayizi wabantu. Kunesiphakamiso sokunqabela ukudotshwa kwalaba shaki eziqiwini ngesikhathi sokuzala - entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
