Iplanethi yethu iyamangalisa futhi icebile ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabamele abaphilayo! Ukuphanga, ukudla okudla imifino, okunoshevu futhi okungenabungozi - bangabafowethu. Umsebenzi womuntu ukuphatha izilwane zezilwane ngokunakekela, ukwazi nokuhlonipha imithetho yazo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ezinye izinhlobo zehlukile kakhulu ukuthi zihlala eMhlabeni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo! Namuhla sizogxila esilwaneni esincane kangaka nje. Igama lakhe nguJerboa. Kwaziwa kusukela esikhathini se-Oligocene (iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-33.9 - 23.03 edlule). Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi okhokho bama-jerboas anamuhla bavela e-Asia cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili edlule. Ukusuka lapho basakazekela eNyakatho Afrika naseYurophu. Kepha eYurophu, i-jerboa iphelile ngokuphelele.
Incazelo ye-jerboa
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ezinjengegundane. Ngabamele iqembu lamagundane... Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50. Okudume kakhulu yile: yase-Afrika, eneminwe emihlanu, i-jerboa enkulu, i-marsupial, i-eared, imilenze enoboya, umsila ononile, ne-jumper jerboa.
Ukubukeka
Ngaphandle, ama-jerboas afana ne-kangaroo noma igundane. Inhloko inkulu maqondana nomzimba, inentamo ecishe ingahlukaniseki. Iyisiyingi, isicwecwe esiflathiwe ngamehlo amakhulu amnyama. Amehlo amakhulu akuvumela ukuthi uthwebule ukugeleza okukhulu kwemininingwane yokukhanya. Ama-vibrissae amakhulu ahlelwe ngomlandeli. Uyitho lokuthinta elikhulu lezilwane eziningi. Njengomthetho, ziyizindlebe ezinde futhi eziyindilinga, ezithwala umsebenzi wokudlulisa ukushisa nokwamukela imininingwane yezindlebe. Izinwele ezindlebeni zincane.
Inkomba:
- Ubude bomzimba: 4 kuya ku-26 cm.
- Ubude bomsila: 6 kuya ku-28 cm.
- Isisindo: 10 kuya ku-300 amagremu.
Umzimba mfushane. Imilenze yangemuva yinde kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili, edingekayo ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo. Futhi emfushane, enezinzipho ezinde ezicijile, isilwane sisebenzisa izingalo zangaphambili ekumbeni izimbobo, sisebenzisa ukudla. Ijazi likhulu futhi lithambile. Umbala uhluka ukusuka esihlabathini kuya kokunsundu, ikakhulukazi i-monochromatic. Kukhona umbala okhanyayo esiswini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umsila wejerboa ungaqukatha inqolobane yamafutha adingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe umzimba ngesikhathi sokulala noma ngezikhathi zokushoda kokudla.
Umsila usekugcineni nentshakaza eyisicaba, okuluhlobo lwesiteringi uma unyakaza. Izici ezingafani zombala, ukwakheka kwezitho kuxhomeke ohlotsheni nasendaweni ehlala kuyo. Isibonelo, umbala, ubukhulu bomzimba wonkana noma izitho zomzimba ngamunye ziyashintsha.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Isilo sasebusuku saseJerboa... Iyingozi kangangoba ngemuva kokushona kwelanga iphuma emgodini wayo ngemuva kwehora kuphela. Ufuna ukudla ubusuku bonke, ushiya ebangeni elifinyelela ku-5 km. Futhi ekuseni, ihora elilodwa ngaphambi kokuphuma kwelanga, babuyela endaweni yokukhosela. Lolu hlobo lokuqinisekiswa luhlala lusindisa izimpilo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezisebenzayo futhi ezifuna ukudla emini, kuthi kusihlwa zigijimele endlini ngaphansi komhlaba.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Izinja zasePrairie
- Ama-Chipmunks
- IHazel dormouse noma i-musket
- Igundane vole
Olunye uhlobo lokuhlala yihlobo. Ngamakamelo ahlukanisiwe, embozwe ngotshani. Imvamisa, izilwane ezisebenzayo zenza "umnyango ongemuva" ezindlini zazo ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi, uma kwenzeka zisongelwa, zibaleke ngawo.
Ebusika, isilwane silala ubusuku bonke, esihlala kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha. Umgodi wasebusika uhlukile komgodi ojwayelekile "wokuhlala". Itholakala ijule kakhulu, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Ezinye izinhlobo zigcina izinqolobane zokudla ebusika, kanti ezinye zikugcina kuzo uqobo, ngohlobo lwamafutha.
Kuyathakazelisa! UJerboas ngabakhi bangempela. Lezi zilwane ezincane ezisebenza kanzima zizakhela izindlu ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Banemigodi yasehlobo nasebusika, ehlala unomphela neyesikhashana, umgodi wokulala ubusika nemisele yokuzalwa kwenzalo.
Futhi, lezi zidalwa ezingakholeki zingaba nezindlu zokuhlala unomphela nezesikhashana. Izindlu ezihlala njalo zinomnyango ogcwele isigaxa sobumba. Ngaphakathi, leli phaseji elikhethekile lide impela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomthetho, kuvela ihlumela, eliholela egumbini lokuhlala lapho ubuso bugcwele khona utshani futhi kunendawo "yombhede" oyibhola loboya, ubulembu, izimpaphe - konke okuyizinto ezifanele eziqoqwe ngaphezulu. Izinyathelo eziningana ezingakaqedwa sezivele ziholele kuye ebusweni. Ayadingeka uma kwenzeka kukhishwa isimo esiphuthumayo.
Phakathi kwama-jerboas, kukhona labo okuthi, esikhundleni sokwakha indlu yabo, bayithathe "ngokuqashisa" kubantu abasebenza ngokungemthetho. I-jerboa ixhumana nama-congener ayo kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Angabizwa ngesizungu. Leli elinye lamasu asetshenziselwa ukusinda ngabamele abahlukene bezimbali.
Abanye banamathela eqenjini futhi basinde, babe nohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokuxhumana nobumbano komunye nomunye. Futhi abanye, kunalokho, bakhetha ukuthuthuka ngawodwana, bedlulisela izakhi zofuzo zesizukulwane esilandelayo, esheshayo, esingenakugwenywa, esiqaphile nesihlakaniphile esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. Futhi uma umuntu kuvela ukuthi uyindida, uhamba kancane noma akanaki, khona-ke uyafa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusinda kohlobo.
Mangaki ama-jerboas ahlala
Kodwa-ke, izifo, umthelela wezimo zemvelo kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye zifinyeza ngalesi sikhathi kwesinye isikhathi. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila sikhula kakhulu. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila endle asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Okufanele kube umona wezinye izilwane phakathi kwama-jerboas ukwanda kwazo ezimweni zokuphila ezihluke ngokuphelele. Bahlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, lapho kukhona ama-steppes, izingwadule kanye nama-semi-desert. Lezi zifunda zibandakanya iNyakatho Afrika eningizimu yeSahara, eningizimu yeYurophu, e-Asia enyakatho yeHimalaya.
Kodwa-ke, ama-jerboas angatholakala ngisho nasezintabeni zehlathi nasezintabeni. Amanye ama-subspecies ahlala ngisho nasekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle. ERussia, ungathola abanye abameleli bohlobo: i-jerboa enkulu, i-jerboa encane, i-jerboa-jumper, i-jerboa ejwayelekile, i-jerboa enemilenze enoboya neminwe emihlanu.
Ukudla kweJerboa
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwe-jerboa ngama-gramu angama-60. Ukudla kufaka imbewu nezimpande zezitshalo, abazikhipha ngokumba imigodi.
Zikudla ngenjabulo izibungu zezinambuzane. Bathanda ukuzitika ngezithelo, okusanhlamvu, imifino. UJerboas cishe awawaphuzi amanzi! Wonke umswakama utholakala ezitshalweni.
Okubalulekile! Umsila wejerboa usho lukhulu ngesimo sempilo kanye nokudla. Uma iyindilinga, isilwane sidla kahle futhi njalo. Umsila mncane, unama-vertebrae avelele, akhombisa ukukhathala.
Ukudla kuqukethe ikakhulukazi imbewu nezimpande zezitshalo... Amajerboas abo ayamba, ashiye izimbobo. Izinambuzane nezibungu zazo nazo ziyadliwa. Izilwane cishe aziphuzi amanzi. Bathola umswakama ezitshalweni. Ebusuku, lapho ifuna ukudla, igundane elilodwa lingahamba ibanga elingafika kumakhilomitha ayi-10 ezindleleni zalo zokudla.
Isilwane esisodwa sidinga ama-60 g wokudla okuhlukahlukene ngosuku. Lesi sibalo sinomthelela omkhulu emhlabathini nasekwembozweni kwezingwadule, ama-semi-desert kanye nama-steppes, futhi sisebenza njengokudla kwezilwane zasendaweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane zingasabalalisa izifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi kuze kube yilesifo.
Izitha zemvelo
Unenqwaba yazo. Cishe lezi yizo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye zasendaweni. Ngenjabulo baphatha ama-jerboas nezinyoni ngozipho. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo futhi azinqikazi ukuzizama ngesidlo sasemini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
UJerboas ufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-6-7 izinyanga.... Futhi uma bephila ngokuphepha kuze kube yile nkathi, intwasahlobo yokuqala noma ihlobo kuqala inkathi yokuzalanisa. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sincike kuma-subspecies, kepha ngokwesilinganiso asihlali ngaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa. Insikazi ithwala amalitha ama-2-3 ngonyaka. Inzalo eyodwa iqukethe izingane ezisukela kwezingu-3 kuye kwezi-8. Ngokubeletha, ama-jerboas ahlomisa i-mink ehlukile. Kusukela ekuzalweni, amawundlu ayizimpumputhe futhi anempandla, afana kakhulu namazinyane egundane.
Kuyathakazelisa nokuthi owesifazane uqonda kanjani ukuthi "isikhathi sesifikile." Impela akanalo iwashi noma ikhalenda. Kungenzeka, indlela yokuzalwa iqale kusukela lapho izingane ziqala ukukala amagremu angama-200-220.
Umama uyayinakekela futhi ayivikele inzalo izinyanga ezifika kwezintathu. Bese ukuziphatha kwakhe kuguquka kakhulu. Uba nolaka. Yile ndlela izingane eziqonda ngayo ukuthi isikhathi sesifikile sempilo ezimele.
Ukushintshwa kwesisindo nokuncipha kwendawo yokuhlala emgodini kutshela umama ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuyeka amawundlu aye “kubhukuda mahhala”. Uqala ukukhombisa ulaka, ukuluma, ukushayela kude nokudla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-subspecies kanye nokumelwa okubanzi kwendawo, kungashiwo ngokujwayelekile ukuthi izinhlobo zama-jerboas azihlangabezani nenkinga yabantu. Ngokuvamile, abantu ngabanye bazala ngokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi kwe-subspecies, izinto azilihle kangako.
Okubalulekile! I-marsupial jerboa edabuka e-Australia iyinhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa. Inani labantu lehle kakhulu. Lona kuphela omele ama-subspecies alo.
Lezi zilwane ezincane ezinhle zikufanele ukunakwa nokuhlonishwa, njengakuwo wonke umuntu ophila emhlabeni. Bangabizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi abakhi, ngoba, njengoba wazi, bakha izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene zemisebenzi ehlukile. Lokhu kuziphatha kuhlukile ezilwaneni.
