Lapho isondela, i-whale glider enamaphiko amakhulu okusabalalisa ibukeka njenge-liner - futhi okwamanje iyinhle. Kepha isivele isemhlabathini, eduze, le nyoni ibukeka ingajwayelekile, lokhu kungenxa yomlomo wayo omkhulu ngokwesabekayo.
Incazelo ye-royal heron
Ngo-1849, lolu hlobo lwatholakala, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo lwahlukaniswa lwachazwa... Kodwa indlovukazi yasebukhosini yathola udumo emhlabeni wonke ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngenxa kaBatt Berg, encwadini yakhe ekhuluma ngohambo oluya eSudan yavela ngaphansi kwegama elithi Abu-Markub (ngesi-Arabhu elisho "ubaba wesicathulo").
Le ncwadi, eshicilelwe ngezilimi eziningi (kufaka phakathi isiRashiya), yashicilelwa ngaphambi nje kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili futhi yavele yanqoba izinhliziyo zabafundi. Izinyoni zePelican kanye nezinyawo ezibandakanya ama-marabou, i-heron, unogolantethe, zithathwa njengezihlobo zekhanda lomkhomo. Lesi sakamuva sifana nokwakheka komkhomo.
Izici ezifana nekhanda lomkhomo nezindwandwe:
- uzwane lwendlu ende oluhlisiwe (lukhula ezingeni elifanayo nabanye);
- ukutholakala kwama-powders amakhulu ama-2;
- ukunciphisa indlala coccygeal;
- i-cecum kuphela.
Igama elijwayelekile elithi Balaeniceps lihumusha ngokuthi "whalehead", i-German Schuhschabelstorch - njenge "boothead". Womabili la magama abhekisele emininingwaneni ephawuleka kakhulu yengaphandle lale nyoni - uqhwaku olukhulu.
Ukubukeka
Into yokuqala eheha iso lakho lapho ubheka i-king heron yisikhulu esikhulu, esifana nesicathulo sokhuni, uqhwaku olukhanyayo ophuzi, ohlome ngehhuku lokulenga ekugcineni. Kubonakala sengathi le nyoni ayiphumelelanga ukufaka ikhanda layo emgodini futhi yehluleka ukuyikhipha - ubukhulu bomlomo ovuvukile abuhambelani kakhulu nasekhanda (cishe bulingana nobubanzi nobubanzi bomzimba) nomzimba wonke.
Ngokusho kwezazi zezinyoni, ubukhulu bomzimba obufana nobomkhomo abuvamile ezinyonini. Umbono ophelele we-anatomical dissonance uqedwa ngentamo enomusa (ivolumu yomlomo) nemilenze emincane yezinti. Ngesikhathi iphumule, le nyoni ibeka uqhwaku lwayo olunzima esifubeni ukuze inciphise imisipha yentamo. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi inhloko yomkhomo inolimi nomsila omfushane, inesisu esikhulu esiyindlala, kepha asikho isisu semisipha.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esinye isici esimangazayo ekubukekeni kwendlovu yasebukhosini ngamehlo okukhanya ayindilinga, atholakala endizeni eyodwa, hhayi ezinhlangothini, njengezinyoni eziningi. Lesi sici senza umbono womkhomo ube namandla amaningi.
Abesilisa / abesifazane banemibala ngamathoni afanayo avinjelwe futhi ngaphandle abakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Isizinda esiyinhloko sezimpaphe siyimpunga emnyama, ngemuva (njengakuzo zonke izindwandwe) i-powder down iyakhula, kepha esifubeni akukho okuye phansi (ngokungafani nezindwandwe). Le yinyoni ehlaba umxhwele enamaphiko cishe angama-2.3 m, ikhula icishe ibe yi-1.5 m futhi inesisindo esingu-9-15 kg.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
UKitoglav akazami ukuxhumana nabantu besizwe sakubo futhi wenza imibhangqwana kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana, ethobela isazela sasendulo... Lesi yisidalwa esiqaphile nesingenawo amandla esivikela impilo yaso kubantu esingabazi. Phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, inkosi ikhetha ukufihla emahlathini aminyene omhlanga ne-papyrus, lapho kungacasha khona nezindlovu.
I-kitoglav isijwayele ukuhlala emaxhaphozini, esizwa yimilenze emide enezinzwane ezibekwe kabanzi, ezenza ukuthi kungabi khona odakeni olunodaka. I-pose eyintandokazi ye-heron yasebukhosini yiqhwa elide endaweni eyodwa ngomlomo ocindezelwe esifubeni. Ukuba ndikindiki nobuvila kujulile kangangokuthi inyoni ayiphenduli njalo kubantu abadlulayo futhi ihambe kancane kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengoba isikhuphukele emoyeni, i-whale glider ayisheshisi ibheke phezulu, kepha indiza kahle endizeni esezingeni eliphansi, kwesinye isikhathi ishintshela ekuphakameni (njengezinkozi namanqe) isebenzisa imisinga yomoya. Lapho isemoyeni, idonsa entanyeni yayo njengendlala ejwayelekile, ebangela ukuba uqhwaku lwayo lubanzi lucindezelwe esifubeni.
Iposi lokubuka le-king heron livame ukutholakala esiqhingini sezitshalo ezintantayo, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile inyoni iyayishiya futhi ingene exhaphozini kuze kube yilapho amanzi ethinta isisu. I-kitoglav, ngenxa yemfihlo yayo yokugula, ayivamisile ukukhomba indawo yayo ngemisindo enomsindo, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile isachofoza noma iphume ngomlomo wayo (njengonogolantethe) noma i-shrill "iyahleka".
Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izindwandwe zasebukhosini
Ngokusho kolwazi olungekho emthethweni, inhloko yomkhomo ingabhekiswa kwabaneminyaka eyikhulu, ngoba ihlala (ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle) okungenani iminyaka engama-35.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izwe lendlovukazi yasebukhosini yi-Central Africa (kusuka eSouth Sudan kuya eNtshonalanga ye-Ethiopia), kubandakanya i-Uganda, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo, iZambia neTanzania. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ibonakele eBotswana. Ngaphandle kwendawo enkulu ebangeni, inani lemikhomo lincane futhi lihlakazekile. Inani elikhulu labantu lihlala eSouth Sudan. I-Kitoglav ikhetha izindawo ezisogwini, ezihlala zinamaxhaphozi ezinamahlathi aminyene omhlanga ne-papyrus. Akuvamile ukuvela ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Ukudla kweKitoglava
Le nyoni ithanda ukwanelisa indlala yodwa, ihamba okungenani amamitha angama-20 ukusuka komakhelwane abaseduze. Indlovukazi yasebukhosini ihlala amahora amaningi emanzini angajulile, ibheke ama-gape. Ukuzingela kuvame ukuqala ekuseni, kepha kuvame ukuqhubeka phakathi nosuku.
Iningi lokudla kwe-heron yasebukhosini kwakhiwa ama-protopters (lungfish). Ngaphezu kwalokho, imenyu ifaka phakathi:
- polypterus;
- i-telapia ne-catfish;
- izilwane zasemanzini;
- amagundane;
- izimfudu;
- izinyoka zamanzi;
- izingwenya ezincane.
Amakhanda emikhomo azingela izisulu zawo azithandayo (i-protopterus, catfish kanye ne-telapias) ngokuqamekela, elinde ukuba zibhukude ngaphezulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inyoni iyaqina, ibheke phansi, ilungele ukubamba inhlanzi engaqaphile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokuyibona, ikhanda lomkhomo, lishaya amaphiko alo, liziphonsa emanzini bese liyiphusha ngehhuku elibukhali eliphethe indebe ngokuthembekile.
Ngaphambi kokugwinya lokho kubamba, inyoni iyasikhulula ezitshalweni futhi kwesinye isikhathi iklebhule ikhanda layo... Inkosi inkosi igwema amahlathi angahambi, ikhetha ukuzingela ezindaweni ezicutshwe izindlovu nezimvubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi eziningi zihlala zinqwabelana eduze kwalezi ziteshi zokufakelwa (eziholela emachibini).
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, zonke izindwandwe zisongelwa izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama (hawk, kite kanye no falcon) ezihlasela ngesikhathi sezindiza. Kodwa indwandwe yasebukhosini iyesabeka kakhulu kunezingwenya, ezihlala emaxhaphozini ase-Afrika ngobuningi. Izilwane ezidla umhlaba (ngokwesibonelo, ama-martens) kanye namagwababa ngokuqhubekayo azingela amaphuphu kanye nemivimbo yemikhomo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ukusondelana kwekhanda lomkhomo kuyazikhumbuza ngisho nangesikhathi sokumatanisa - njengoba kudale umbhangqwana, abalingani babelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo, bengasebenzi ndawonye, kodwa ngokwehlukana. Yile ndlela abakha ngayo isidleke, njengoba besho, ngokushintshana. Isidleke sibukeka njengeplatifomu enkulu eyindilinga enesisekelo esingu-2.5 m ububanzi.
Izinto zokwakha zingumhlanga neziqu ze-papyrus, kubekwa phezu kwazo utshani obomile obuthambile, izinyoni ezigxoba ziqine ngezidladla zazo. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siboshelwe esifundeni sendawo lapho kuhlala khona abantu abathile. Isibonelo, eSudan, ukuqala kwezindaba zothando kubekelwe isikhathi ukuze kuqondane nokuphela kwenkathi yemvula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isiko lothando lwenkosi yasebukhosini, evame ukubonwa ema-zoo, iqukethe uchungechunge lokunqekuzisa amakhanda, ukunweba intamo, ukuchofoza uqhwaku nemisindo engazwakali kahle.
Ngemuva kokufaka umquba ngempumelelo, owesifazane ubeka amaqanda amhlophe ayi-1 kuye kwayi-3, awafudumeze ebusuku futhi awapholise emini (uma kunesidingo). Uqhwaku olukhulu noluthandekayo, olufana ne-scoop, lumsiza kakhulu kulokhu: ngalo uthwala amanzi ukuze athele igobolondo elishisayo. Ngendlela, ama-whale glavs ajwayela ukugeza okunjalo ngisho nangemva kokuvela kwamachwane, aqanduselwa ngemuva kwenyanga.
Abazali, kanye nokwakha isidleke, babelana ngezinkinga zokukhulisa nokubondla.... Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe ngwevu elithambile phansi futhi zinikezwa izikweletu ezixhunyiwe. Maye, kuwo wonke amaphuphu ekhanda lomkhomo, njengomthetho, yinye kuphela esindayo. Izinyoni zimnika ukudla okugaywe ngesigamu, noma kunalokho, zishaywa yi-goiter yazo, kepha ngemuva kwenyanga iphuphu liyakwazi ukugwinya izingcezu ezinkulu ngokuphelele.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala uhlala esidlekeni somzali futhi uvame ukubuyela lapho, noma esefunde ukundiza. Amachwane awavuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu, esukuma ephikweni ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 futhi athole imisebenzi yokuzala ngeminyaka emithathu kuphela. Indlovukazi encane yasebukhosini yehlukile komdala ngombala onsundu wezimpaphe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani eliphelele labantu bekhanda lomkhomo liyizinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10-15, yingakho izinhlobo zafakwa kwi-International Red Book. Kodwa-ke, inani lezindlovukazi zasebukhosini lisencipha ngenxa yokuzingelwa kwamaqanda nemisebenzi yabantu engadikibali.
