I-Cuckoos (lat. Izinyoni ezivela ku-oda I-Cuckoo-like isabalale kuyo yonke i-Eastern Hemisphere, kepha ukwehluka okukhulu kunakho konke kuyaziwa ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia.
Incazelo yenkukhu
Umndeni omningi uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu, kepha mhlawumbe omele odume kakhulu yi-cuckoo ejwayelekile, enezimpawu zangaphandle ezaziwa cishe yonke indawo.
Ukubukeka
Ubude bomzimba benyoni endala bungu-35-38 cm, kanti umsila awudluli ku-13-18 cm.Iphiko eliphakeme kakhulu liphakathi kuka-50-55 cm.Isisindo somzimba sowesilisa osekhulile asikho ngaphezu kuka-130 g. Le nyoni inemilenze emifushane futhi enamandla ngokwanele.... Izici zangaphandle zabesilisa nabesifazane abadala ziyehluka kakhulu. Iduna linomsila omnyama grey nomhlane. Indawo yomphimbo nesifuba kuze kufike esiswini ibonakala ngombala ompunga okhanyayo. Kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, izimpaphe zilula, kuba khona imivimbo emnyama. Umlomo uqhakazile ngombala futhi imilenze iphuzi ngombala.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-cuckoos molt izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka, ngokuncibilika okuyingxenye okwenzeka ehlobo, ngenkathi inqubo ephelele ibonwa ebusika kuphela.
Izimpaphe zezinsikazi zibonakala ngokuqhamuka kwemibala ebomvu nebomvu. Indawo engemuva nekhanda iwele ngemivimbo emnyama. Zonke izimpaphe ezinophaphe zinokuhlela okumhlophe okubonakalayo. Isifuba sinombala okhanyayo, sinemigqa emhlophe ebonakalayo futhi ebanzi kanye nemivimbo emnyama emincane. Isisindo sowesifazane omdala asidluli, njengomthetho, i-110 g. Abantu abasha ikakhulukazi babomvu ngokukhanyayo ngemivimbo emnyama kulo lonke ubude bomzimba.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Amakhukhamba ayizinyoni eziyimfihlo futhi eziqaphele kakhulu, ezingashiyi nhlobo iminonjana yemisebenzi yazo. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-cuckoo iyakwazi ngokuzwakalayo ukwazisa wonke umuntu ngobukhona bayo, ayivumeli abantu ukuthi bahole noma yikuphi ukubhekwa. Abamele umndeni wakwaCuckoo abalungiselwanga ukuhamba phansi, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokwehla ukuyodla izinyoni, izinyoni ezinjalo zigijimela ukubuyela emuva ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukungakhululeki lapho uhamba phansi kungenxa yemilenze eneminwe emibili, evumela izinyoni ukushintsha izinyathelo ngokugxuma. Ngakho-ke, izimpaphe zeqa ibanga elidingekayo, futhi kulokhu, amamaki e-paw cishe awahlali.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukundiza kwenkukhu endala kulula futhi kunokushesha, ngemvelo yayo kufana kakhulu nokundiza kokhozi nabanye abaningi abamele izinyoni ze-hawk.
Amakhukhamba akhetha ukuhlala ngokwahlukana, futhi isifiso sokukhwelana sivela kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana. Indawo yenyoni ngayinye iyafana nezici zayo zeminyaka yobudala, kodwa eyeduna “ingavuma” ingxenye “yezinto” zayo iye kowesifazane.
Mangaki amakhokho ahlala
Phakathi kwezinkomba zesikhathi sokuphila sezinyoni, iphethini ethile ingalandelwa... Njengomthetho, izinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezincane. Ngokusho okuningi, isikhathi sokuphila sabamele umndeni wakwaCuckoo asidluli eminyakeni eyishumi, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, izinkukhu zingaphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zamakhukhamba
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezivela emndenini wakwaCuckoo yilezi:
- I-hawk cuckoo enkulu (i-Susulus srapervoides);
- I-Indian Hawk Cuckoo (Susulus varius);
- I-cuckoo enentshebe (Susulus vagans);
- I-cuckoo enamaphiko abanzi (Susulus fugax);
- I-cuckoo yasePhilippine (Susulus restoralis);
- I-cuckoo yase-Indonesia (uSususus crassirostris);
- I-cuckoo enamabele abomvu (Susulus solitarius);
- Ikhukhamba elimnyama (Susulus clamosus);
- I-Indian cuckoo (Susulus microrterus);
- Inkukhu ejwayelekile (Susulus canorus);
- Inkukhu ejwayelekile yase-Afrika (uSusulus gulаris);
- I-Deaf Cuckoo (Susulus ortatus);
- I-Malay-probe cuckoo (Susulus leridus);
- Inkukhu encane (Susulus polioserhalus);
- IMadagascar cuckoo (Cuculus rochii).
Onke amakhokho amelwe yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- abantu abadala abanesithembu abanesidleke sokuhlukaniswa, abahlala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika nase-Eurasia;
- abantu abangabodwana abakha ngababili bondle inzalo yabo, abahlala eMelika.
Izinhlobo zesikhashana: ezikwazi ukukhulisa ngokuzimela amaphuphu noma ukuphonsa amaqanda kwezinye izinyoni, ukondla inzalo nokuhlala izidleke zabanye abantu, ukuphonsa amatshwele nokusiza abazali abakhulisa izingane okungezona ezabo ukondla izingane.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ububanzi bendabuko nezindawo zokuhlala ze-cuckoo zincike ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zabamele umndeni wakwaCuckoo. Isibonelo, iGreat Hawk Cuckoo itholakala emahlathini asezintabeni ahlala eluhlaza eNdiya, eNepal, eSumatra naseBorneo, kuyilapho i-Indian Hawk Cuckoo ihlala engxenyeni enkulu yezwekazi laseNdiya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-subspecies aphakanyisiwe we-cuckoo enamaphiko abanzi ahlala eningizimu yeBurma naseThailand, eMalaysia naseSingapore, eBorneo naseSumatra.
Izinhlobo zokhokho basePhilippines zitholakala engxenyeni enkulu yeziqhingi ezinkulu ePhilippines, kanti i-hawk cuckoo yase-Indonesia igcwele iSulawesi e-Indonesia. Amabele anombala obomvu nomnyama, kanye nenkukhu ejwayelekile yase-Afrika ihlala eNingizimu Afrika, futhi uhla lwe-Malay Sunda cuckoo lumboza cishe yonke iNhlonhlo yaseMalay. Ezweni lethu, izinhlobo ezisabalele kakhulu yi-Deaf Cuckoo kanye ne-Common Cuckoo.
Ukudla kwe-cuckoo
Isisekelo sokudla kwekhukhamba yizinambuzane ezinjengezibungu namabhungane ezihlahla, ezilimaza amahlamvu nesiqu semithi.... Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, ama-cuckoos adla ezinye izithelo namajikijolo, ngokuqinile adla amaqanda ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, kanye namachwane awo.
Izitha zemvelo
Amakhukhamba abantu abadala anezitha ezimbalwa ngenxa yobugagu bawo endizeni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-cuckoo ingahlaselwa ngama-oriole, ama-shrikes, ama-fly flychers, ama-warblers nama-warblers. Izilwane ezidla ezinye, kufaka phakathi izimpungushe nemartens, amakati kanye nama-weasel, zibeka ingozi ethile kulezi zinyoni. Amagwababa namajayi nawo angabaphangi bezidleke.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ama-cuckoos avela e-Afrika abuyela emazweni ase-Europe nase-Asia, ezindaweni zabo zendabuko zokwakha izidleke. Njengomthetho, lezi zinyoni zihlala zodwa, futhi indawo yendawo yomuntu wesilisa omdala ingafinyelela kumahektha amaningi. Abesifazane bahlala kaningi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kakhulu. Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhetha insimu ukuba khona kwezidleke zezinye izinyoni ngaphakathi kwempahla eyakhiwe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, owesilisa oyedwa osekhulile ufaka izinsikazi eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, okuthi ezimweni eziningi zingazakhi izidleke, kepha zibukele ezinye izinyoni.
Imvamisa, intshisekelo ekhulayo yamakhukhamba ibangelwa abamele umndeni wakwaSparrow, abasabizwa ngokuthi "izinyoni zezingoma" kubantu abavamile. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ukwakheka kofuzo komugqa ngamunye womama wamakhukhamba ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinyoni kuye kwakhiwa, okuchaza ukufana kwangaphandle kwamaqanda e-cuckoo nezinye izinyoni.
Owesifazane ulinda ngokubekezela umzuzu lapho "abazali bokutholwa" abakhethiwe beshiya isidleke sabo okungenani isikhashana, ngemuva kwalokho bandiza babeke iqanda laso. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqanda “lomdabu” lezinye izinyoni liphonswa ngaphandle yikhokho, lidliwe noma lihanjiswe nalo. Njengomthetho, izinyoni ezibuyela esidlekeni aziluboni ushintsho olwenzekile, kanti iphuphu lenkukhu likhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu kunamanye amachwane, ngemuva kwalokho lizama ukulahla wonke amaqanda enkosi. Imvamisa, ikhukhamba likwazi ukuqeda "abafowabo" balo, ngenxa yalokho lihlala lilwela kuphela ukudla nokunakwa esidlekeni.
Amakhukhamba akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi njalo adinga inani elikhulu lokudla. Cishe emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokuzalwa, iphuphu elikhulile futhi eliqinisiwe liyashiya esidlekeni. Kodwa-ke, abazali bokutholwa bayaqhubeka nokumondla cishe inyanga yonke, balinde isikhathi lapho esekhule ngokuphelele futhi akwazi ukuzondla yedwa. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, i-cuckoo imvamisa ikwazi ukuphonsa kusuka emaqanda amathathu kuya kwamahlanu ezidlekeni zabanye abantu, kepha amandla we-parasite yokwakha izidleke ephakeme kakhulu - cishe amaqanda amathathu kwesizini ngayinye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho ujikijela amaqanda ezidlekeni zabanye abantu, i-cuckoo yenza imisindo ekhumbuza ukuhleka futhi efana nezwi londlunkulu omdala.
Kunezinguqulo eziningana ezichaza ubukhona be-nest parasitism kuma-cuckoos.... Ngokusho kwenguqulo yokuqala, ubaba odlayo uyakwazi ukukha amaqanda abekiwe, ngakho-ke umama wenkukhu uzama ukusindisa inzalo yakhe ngale ndlela. Ngokwenguqulo yesibili, isikhathi lapho insikazi izalela khona amaqanda side kakhulu, kanti ikhukhamba nje alikwazi ukuqandula inzalo yalo futhi londle amaphuphu achanyuselwe ngasikhathi sinye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Amalungu amaningi omndeni wakwaCuckoo anesimo sokuvikelwa Okungenandaba. Lezi zinhlobo azizona ezinye izigaba ngokusho kwedatha ye-International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ze-cuckoo ezinentshebe zisengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala zendabuko, ngakho-ke, izindlela okwamanje zizimisele ukubuyisela inani lezinhlobo ezinkomba zalo zangaphambilini.
