IChaffinch (lat. Enye yezinyoni zezingoma eziningi eYurophu iye yanda kakhulu e-Asia naseMongolia, nakwezinye izindawo eNyakatho Afrika.
Incazelo yama-glints
IChaffinch yisizwe saseRussia, cishe igama elikuyo yonke indawo lenyoni... Insikazi yalolu hlobo imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-finch noma i-finch. IChaffinch yaziwa nangokuthi i-siverukha ne-yurok, i-chaffinch ne-cast iron, i-chaffinch noma i-snigirik.
Ukubukeka
Usayizi we-finch yabantu abadala uyafana nemingcele yabamele abadlulayo, ngakho-ke ubude bomzimba obuningi abudluli u-14.5 cm, ngamaphiko aphakathi nendawo angama-24.5-28.5 cm Isisindo somuntu omdala siphakathi kuka-15-40 g. Uqhwaku lude futhi lubukhali ... Umsila awufakwa ngokucijile, awudluli kubude obungu-68-71 cm.Impaphe iminyene futhi ithambile, inombala ogqame kakhulu.
Izinduna ezindala zinekhanda nentamo elimpunga okwesibhakabhaka, ebunzini elimnyama, nomhlane onsundu ngokubomvana ngombala ompunga. Isifunda se-lumbar sinombala ohlaza satjani ngombala ophuzi, unezimpaphe ezinde ezimpunga emsileni ongenhla. Izindwangu zamaphiko ezincane neziphakathi zimhlophe, kuyilapho amaphiko amakhulu amaphiko amnyama ngothiphu omhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, uqhwaku lwensimbi yesilisa luthola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongokoqobo ngenhla emnyama, kanti ebusika lunombala onsundu ngokubomvana.
Izimpiko zokundiza zinombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe kuma-web angaphandle. Ingxenye yonke engezansi yomzimba we-finch ihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu ngokubomvu wewayini-nsundu. Abesifazane babameleli abanjalo bomndeni we-finch banezimpaphe ezinombala onsundu ngezansi nezimpaphe ezinsundu engxenyeni engenhla. Abantu abancane kunabo bonke babonakala ngokufana kwangaphandle nabesifazane. Iris yowesifazane insundu, kanti uqhwaku lunombala we-horny ojwayelekile unyaka wonke.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Entwasahlobo, ukufika kwezintaka endaweni yezifunda ezisenyakatho kuyabonakala kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Ephreli, kanti izinyoni zibuyela engxenyeni emaphakathi yezwe lethu cishe isigamu sesibili sikaMashi. Izifunda eziseningizimu zimenyezelwa ngamaphimbo wezintaka ezifikile kakade ekupheleni kobusika noma ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMashi.
Ekwindla, onondweba baya ebusika ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene - kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.... Izintaka ziyandiza zihambe njengemihlambi emikhulu, ngokuvamile enamakhulu amaningana abantu. Ngesikhathi sendiza, umhlambi omkhulu uyakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside usendleleni yokudla ezindaweni ezinqobayo, kufaka phakathi izifunda zaseNyakatho Caucasus.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Finches amelwe inani elikhulu lama-subspecies, ahluke ngosayizi, kanye nobude bomlomo, umbala wezimpaphe nezinye izici zokuziphatha.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, izintaka zingezesigaba sezinyoni ezihlala phansi, eziyimizulane nezasebusika, futhi abantu abahlala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi nasenyakatho bayizidleke nabamele ukufuduka kwe-Passerine oda. Imingcele eseningizimu yebanga lihlala ngokwakha izidleke kanye nokufuduka, ngokuzinza okuyingxenye, ubusika ebangeni futhi okuvame ukuba yimifula eyimizulane.
Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izintaka
Endle, izintaka zihlala ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka embalwa, lokho kungenxa yesici somthelela omubi wezinto eziningi ezingathandeki zangaphandle. Ekuthunjweni, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila ebhaliswe ngokomthetho salo mmeleli ongathobekile womndeni we-finch yiminyaka eyishumi kuya kwayi-12.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokusabalalisa ejwayelekile yama-finches imelwe ngu:
- IYurophu;
- enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika;
- izingxenye ezisentshonalanga ye-Asia;
- ingxenye yeSweden neNorway;
- ezinye izindawo eFinland;
- IBritish, iAzores neCanary Islands;
- IMadira neMorocco;
- I-Algeria neTunisia;
- insimu yase-Asia Minor;
- ISyria nenyakatho ye-Iran;
- ingxenye yesikhala sangemva kweSoviet.
Inani elincane labantu liya ebusika ngasogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yoLwandle iCaspian, lindiza liye e-Iceland, eBritish noma eFaroe Islands. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo ezijwayelene nefinch zihluke kakhulu. Isimo esikhulu salolu hlobo lwezinyoni ukuba khona kwazo zonke izinhlobo zohlaza olunensimu kuleyo nsimu.
Njengomthetho, izintaka zihlala ezindaweni ezihlwanyelwe ezinamahlathi, ezimelwe izingadi, izindawo zepaki kanye nama-boulevards, kanye namahlathi e-oki alula, i-birch, i-willow ne-pine groves. Imvamisa, abamele umndeni we-finch kanye nohlobo lweFinches bangatholakala emaphethelweni aqinile futhi aqinile, ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi nezindawo ezinamahlathi amancane, kanye nakumahlathi ezinhlobo eziqhingini endaweni yamahewu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenye yezinyoni eziningi ezweni lethu, kuyisici ukuhlala emahlathini nasezindaweni zokupaka zanoma yiluphi uhlobo, imvamisa endaweni eseduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Ukudla okuphazima
Ekudleni kwabamele imindeni yezintaka kanye nohlobo lwentaka, zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane zihlala ezikhundleni eziphambili. Ngokwesisekelo sezifundo eziningi zokuqukethwe esiswini se-finches, kungenzeka ukuphetha ngokuthi izinyoni ezinjalo zisebenzisa nembewu yokhula, izithelo ezahlukahlukene namajikijolo ngenhloso yokudla.
Ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezilwane kudla kakhulu ekudleni kwalezi zinyoni kusukela phakathi nentwasahlobo kuya enyangeni ehlobo edlule. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-finches adla amabhungane amancane, abhubhisa ngenkuthalo ama-weevils, okuyizinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zamahlathi.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi endaweni yazo yemvelo, izintaka ziyizinyoni ezingathobekile futhi eziqinile kakhulu, hhayi kuphela isimo sezulu nezici zezulu zalolu hlu, kepha futhi nezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi iziphazamiso ngesikhathi sokufukamela, zinomthelela omubi kakhulu enanini lezinyoni. Izinto ezinjengalezi zifaka amajayi, amagwababa echobana, onogwaja, isikhova esimpunga, izingwejeje, ondlunkulu, ne-ermine. Kunezimo ezaziwayo zokuhlaselwa ngumbulali wokhuni omkhulu ohlukahlukane ezidlekeni zontaka.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngemuva kobusika, izintaka zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokwakha njengengxenye yemihlambi "yobulili obufanayo"... Abesilisa bafika, njengomthetho, ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwabesifazane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhwelana izingcingo ezihlukile zabesilisa, okufana ncamashi nokushwibeka kwamachwane, kushintshana nokucula okukhulu.
Ukukhwelana kuhambisana nokundiza kwabesilisa kusuka endaweni eya kwenye, ukucula nokulwa kaningi. Abamele oda le-Passeriformes abanakho ukukhwelana kwangempela. Inqubo yokuhlangana ngqo yenzeka emhlabathini noma emagatsheni ezihlahla aminyene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwakhiwa kweNest kuqala cishe amasonto amane ngemuva kokufika. Engxenyeni ebalulekile yobubanzi babo, izintaka zikwazi ukwenza izindlwana ezimbalwa zasehlobo.
Isidleke sakhiwa ngabesifazane kuphela, kepha ngabesilisa abaletha konke okudingekayo endaweni yokwakha, engamelwa ngamahlumela amancane namahlumela, izimpande neziqu. Ukuma kwesidleke esiqediwe kuvame ukuba yindilinga, kunqunywe isihloko. Izindonga zayo ngaphandle zihlanganiswe nezingcezu zobulembu noma ubulembu, kanye ne-birch bark, esebenza njengokufihla okuphumelelayo kwesidleke.
I-clutch egcwele, njengomthetho, iqukethe amaqanda angama-4-7 ombala oluhlaza okotshani oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvu ngokuluhlaza okotshani okucacile nokungaqondakali. Insikazi ihlanganyela ekufukameleni, futhi amaphuphu amancane azalwa esikhathini esingaphansi kwamasonto ambalwa... Bobabili abazali bondla izingane zabo, besebenzisa le nhloso ikakhulukazi izinambuzane ezihlala phansi ezimbalwa, ezimelwe izicabucabu, izibungu ze-sawfly, kanye namacimbi ezimvemvane. Amachwane ahlala ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kophahla lwabazali izinsuku eziyishumi nane, emva kwalokho owesifazane uqala ukulungiselela ngenkuthalo i-clutch yesibili, kepha kwesinye isidleke esisha esakhiwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izici eziyinhloko ze-anthropogenic ezithinta kabi usayizi ophelele wabantu be-finch yilezi:
- ukonakala kwezindawo zokuhlala izinyoni;
- ukuncishiswa kwamahlathi "avuthiwe";
- izici zokukhathazeka;
- ukubhujiswa kwezidleke nokufa kwezinyoni kuzo;
- ukungazinzi kokuphakelwa kokudla;
- imisebenzi yabantu engafanele.
Esinye sezici esikhawulela kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kanye nenani eliphelele lezinyoni ukushoda kwezindawo ezifanele zokwakha izidleke, okuholela ekutheni izinyoni ziyeke ngokushesha ukuzala endaweni ethile.
Izidleke zikaChaffinch zivame ukonakala ekuqaleni kwempilo yokwakha izidleke - ngesikhathi sokwakha, lapho kulula ukuzibona. Noma kunjalo, inani lezintaka eYurophu lingamabhangqa ezinyoni angaba yizigidi eziyikhulu. E-Asia kubhalwe inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu abamele abomndeni we-finch nohlobo lweFinch.
