Yize i-whale shark iphethe isihloko senhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isalokhu ingenabungozi kubantu. Ayinazo izitha zemvelo, kepha ihlala ihamba, ithatha izinhlanzi ezincane nokunye "uthuli oluphilayo".
Incazelo ye-whale shark
I-whale shark yaqashelwa yizichthyologists muva nje.... Kuchazwa okokuqala ngo-1928. Izinhlaka zayo ezinkulu zazivame ukuqashelwa abadobi abavamile, lapho kwasakazeka khona izinganekwane mayelana nesilo esikhulu esihlala olwandle. Ofakazi bokuzibonela abahlukahlukene bamchaza ngendlela esabekayo nengabukeki, bengazi nokwazi ubungozi bakhe, ukunganaki kwakhe nobuntu bakhe obuhle.
Lolu hlobo lukashaka luhlaba umxhwele ngobukhulu balo obukhulu. Ubude be-whale shark bungafinyelela kumamitha angama-20, kanti isisindo sokurekhoda sifinyelela kumathani angama-34. Lesi yisampula enkulu kunazo zonke eyabanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Usayizi omaphakathi kashaka whale usuka kumamitha ayi-11 kuya kwangu-12, enesisindo cishe samathani ayi-12-13.5.
Ukubukeka
Ngaphandle kosayizi obabazekayo, ukukhethwa kwegama kuthonywe ukwakheka komlomo wakhe, hhayi usayizi. Iphuzu indawo yomlomo kanye nezici zokusebenza kwawo. Umlomo we-whale shark utholakala ngokusobala phakathi kwesifonyo esibanzi, hhayi ngezansi, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka. Uhluke kakhulu kozakwabo. Ngakho-ke, umndeni okhethekile unikezwe ushaka whale nesigaba sawo, esiqukethe uhlobo olulodwa, igama lakhe nguRhincodon typus.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bomzimba obukhangayo, isilwane asikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamazinyo afanayo amakhulu futhi amakhulu. Amazinyo mancane kakhulu, angafiki ngaphezu kuka-0.6 mm ubude. Zitholakala emigqeni engama-300-350. Sekukonke unamazinyo amancane angaba ngu-15 000. Babamba ukudla okuncane emlonyeni, okuthi kamuva kungene okokuhlunga, okuqukethe amapuleti angama-20 e-cartilaginous.
Okubalulekile!Lezi zinhlobo zinamabhangqa amahlanu ama-gill namehlo amancane. Kumuntu omdala, usayizi wabo awudluli ibhola lethenisi. Iqiniso elithandekayo: ukwakheka kwezitho ezibonakalayo akubonisi ukuba khona kwejwabu leso kanjalo. Ngesikhathi sengozi esondelayo, ukugcina umbono wayo, ushaka angafihla iso ngokulidonsela ngaphakathi kwekhanda futhi alimboze ngesibaya sesikhumba.
Umzimba ka-whale shark uyajiya ohlangothini ukusuka ekhanda kuye ezansi ngemuva, kwakheke indawo ephakanyisiwe ngesimo se-hump emnene. Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba, ubude bomzimba buyehlela emsileni uqobo. Ushaka unamaphiko ama-dorsal ama-2 kuphela, asuswe emuva abuyela ngasemsileni. Le eseduzane nesisekelo somzimba ibukeka njengonxantathu omkhulu we-isosceles futhi inkulu ngosayizi, eyesibili incane futhi itholakala kancane ngasemsileni. Umphetho womsila unokubukeka okujwayelekile okulinganayo, isici sabo bonke oshaka, ngensingo engenhla ilulelwe isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu.
Anombala ompunga ngamachashaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nansundu. Isisu sikashaka sinokhilimu noma umbala omhlophe. Emzimbeni ungabona imivimbo namabala ombala ophuzi okhanyayo. Ngokuvamile zihlelwe ngendlela eyiyo yokuqala, imivimbo ishintshana namabala. Amaphiko we-pectoral nekhanda nawo anezindawo, kepha atholakala ngokungahleliwe. Kukhona okuningi, kepha kuncane. Ngasikhathi sinye, iphethini esikhunjeni sikashaka ngamunye ihlala iyodwa futhi ayiguquki ngobudala, okunomphumela omuhle ekulandeleleni inani labantu babo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kule nqubo yokulandela i-ichthyologists basizwa yimishini yocwaningo lwezinkanyezi. Kukhona amadivayisi akhethekile umsebenzi wawo ukuqhathanisa nokuqhathanisa izithombe zesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi, lokhu kusiza ukuqaphela nomahluko omncane endaweni lapho kutholakala khona izindikimba zasezulwini. Baphinde babhekane ngokuphumelelayo nendawo yamachashaza emzimbeni we-whale shark, ehlukanisa ngokusobala umuntu komunye nomunye.
Isikhumba sabo singacishe sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ukushuba, sivimbele izimuncagazi ezincane ekuphazamiseni ushaka.... Futhi ungqimba olunamafutha lungaba ngamasentimitha angama-20. Isikhumba simbozwe ngama-protrusions amaningi afana namazinyo. Lezi yizikali zikashaka whale, ezifihlwe ekujuleni kwesikhumba; ebusweni, kuphela amathiphu amapuleti, abukhali njengezinsingo ezincane, abonakala, akha ungqimba oluvikelayo olunamandla. Esiswini, ezinhlangothini nasemuva, izikali ngokwazo zinezimo ezihlukile, zakha izinga lokuvikela elihlukile. Izona "eziyingozi kakhulu" zinephuzu eligobile futhi zitholakala ngemuva kwesilwane.
Izinhlangothi, ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo ze-hydrodynamic, zimbozwe ngezikali ezingakhuli kahle. Esiswini, isikhumba se-whale shark siyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kunesendlalelo esikhulu. Yingakho, ngesikhathi kusondela abatshuzi abafuna ukwazi, isilwane sifulathela, okungukuthi, ingxenye evikeleke ngokwemvelo yomzimba waso. Ngokuya ngobuningi, izikali ngokwazo zingaqhathaniswa namazinyo kashaka, ohlinzekwa ngengubo ekhethekile yento efana noqweqwe - i-vitrodentin. Lezi zikhali ze-placoid zivamile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zoshaka.
Ubukhulu boshaka whale
I-whale shark ejwayelekile ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-12 ubude, ifinyelela isisindo cishe samathani ayi-18-19. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo lokhu ngokubukeka, lobu ubukhulu bebhasi lesikole eligcwele ngosayizi ogcwele. Umlomo owodwa nje ongafinyelela kububanzi obungamamitha ayi-1.5. I-specimen enkulu kunazo zonke ebanjwe yayinebhande lamamitha ayi-7.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-whale shark yisilwane esihamba kancane esinokuthula, nokuthula. Bangama-tramp olwandle futhi kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yabo. Isikhathi esiningi sempilo yabo, bayabhukuda bengabonwa, kwesinye isikhathi bevela ezixhotsheni zamakhorali. Imvamisa, ukujula kokucwiliswa kwabo akweqi kumamitha angama-72, bakhetha ukuhlala eduze nomphezulu. Le nhlanzi ayinakuguqulwa kalula; ayikwazi ukwehlisa ijubane noma iyeke ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwesikhumba sokubhukuda nezinye izinto zokwakheka komzimba ezinikezela nge-oxygen. Ngenxa yalokho, uvame ukulimala ngokushayisana nemikhumbi edlulayo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, amakhono abo aya phambili kakhulu. I-whale shark iyakwazi ukuhlala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha angama-700, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka.
Ngenkathi ibhukuda, izinhlobo zoshaka be-whale, ngokungafani nezinye, azisebenzisi ingxenye yomsila kuphela ukunyakaza, kepha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomzimba wayo. Isidingo esinamandla sokudla njalo kubenza babe sethubeni lokuhlala eduze nezikole zezinhlanzi ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, i-mackerel. Bachitha cishe sonke isikhathi sabo befuna ukudla, beza ngezikhathi zokulala kuphela, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sosuku. Ahamba kakhulu emaqenjini amancane anamakhanda amaningana. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho ungabona khona isikole esikhulu esinamakhanda ayi-100 noma ushaka ohamba yedwa.
Ngonyaka ka-2009, kwabonwa isixuku soshaka be-whale abangama-420 emaphethelweni ama-coral, kuze kube manje leli iqiniso kuphela elinokwethenjelwa. Ngokusobala, iphuzu lonke ukuthi ngo-Agasti ngasogwini lwaseYucatan kunenqwaba yamakhaza asanda kushanela.
Njalo ngonyaka izinyanga ezimbalwa, amakhulu oshaka aqala ukuzungeza ugu lwaseNtshonalanga Australia eduze kohlelo olukhulu lwamakhorali olugudla umugqa, iNingaloo. Cishe zonke izidalwa, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, ziza ngenzuzo nokuzala kabusha ngasogwini lwaseNingaloo ngesikhathi lapho umsele ugcwele ngokugcwele.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endabeni yokufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi koshaka be-whale, imibono yochwepheshe iyahluka. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abafinyelele kumamitha ayi-8 ubude bangabhekwa njengabavuthiwe ngokocansi, abanye - amamitha ayi-4.5. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isilwane okwamanje sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-31-52. Imininingwane ngabantu asebephile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 inganekwane emsulwa. Kepha i-100 iyisibonakaliso sangempela soshaka seminyaka eyikhulu. Isibalo esimaphakathi cishe yiminyaka engama-70.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukumela indawo yokuhlala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi oshaka be-whale bahlala ezindaweni lapho ukudla kugxilwe khona ukuze kusinde.... Futhi ziyizilwane ezinesifo se-thermophilic, okungcono zikhethe indawo enamanzi afudunyezwe abe ngu-21-25 ° C.
Okubalulekile!Ngeke uhlangane nabo enyakatho noma eningizimu ye-40th parallel, imvamisa abahlala enkabazwe. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala emanzini olwandle iPacific, Indian kanye ne-Atlantic.
Ama-Whale shark ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ze-pelagic, okusho ukuthi zihlala olwandle oluvulekile, kepha hhayi ekujuleni okukhulu kolwandle. I-whale shark ivame ukutholakala emanzini asogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, eMelika Ephakathi kanye naseNingizimu Melika. Kuvame ukubonwa duze nolwandle ngenkathi idla ngasogwini lolwandle.
Ukudla kwe-whale shark
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokudla okunomsoco whale shark yindima yabo njengabahlinzeki bokuhlunga. Amazinyo awabambiqhaza elikhulu enqubeni yokondla, mancane kakhulu futhi abandakanyeka kuphela enqubeni yokugcina ukudla emlonyeni. Oshaka be-Whale badla izinhlanzi ezincane, ikakhulukazi ama-mackerel nama-plankton amancane. I-whale shark ilima olwandle, imunca amanzi amaningi kanye nezilwane ezincane ezinomsoco ezitholayo. Le ndlela yokudla itholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili - oshaka abakhulu abanomlomo omkhulu be-pelagic. Kodwa-ke, inqubo ngayinye yokondla inokwehluka kwayo okuyisisekelo.
I-whale shark imunca ngamandla amanzi, bese ukudla kungena ngamapayipi esihlungi amboze ukungena komlomo. La maphedi wokuhlunga agcwele izimbotshana ezibanzi zamamilimitha ezisebenza njengesefa, okuvumela amanzi ukuthi adlule emiphefumulweni abuyele olwandle njengoba ethatha izinhlayiya zokudla ezilungile.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngisho nosayizi we-whale shark ngokwawo akufaki ubukhona bezitha zemvelo. Lolu hlobo lunemisipha ekhule kahle, ngenxa yokuhamba njalo okubalulekile kulo. Ucishe aqhubeke azulazule emanzini, athuthukise isivinini sokuphumula esingeqile ku-5 km / h. Ngasikhathi sinye, indalo inendlela yokusebenza kukashaka oyivumela ukuthi ibhekane nokushoda komoya-mpilo emanzini. Ukonga izinsiza zawo ezibalulekile, isilwane senza kungasebenzi umsebenzi wengxenye yobuchopho nokulala ubusuku bonke. Elinye iqiniso elihehayo ukuthi oshaka be-whale abuzwa buhlungu. Umzimba wabo ukhiqiza into ekhethekile evimba imizwa engathandeki.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-whale shark ayizinhlanzi ze-ovoviviparous cartilaginous... Yize phambilini zazithathwa njenge-oviparous, ngoba amaqanda emibungu atholakala esibelethweni sowesifazane okhulelwe abanjwe eCeylon. Usayizi wombungu owodwa ku-capsule ucishe ube ngama-60 cm ubude no-40 cm ububanzi.
Ushaka, onobude obungamamitha ayi-12, uyakwazi ukuthwala imibungu engafinyelela kumakhulu amathathu esibelethweni sayo. Ngamunye wabo uboshwe ngephilisi ebukeka njengeqanda. Ubude boshaka osanda kuzalwa bungamasentimitha angama-35 - 55, vele ngemuva kokuzalwa kuyasebenza futhi kuzimele. Umama kusukela ekuzalweni umnikeza inqwaba yezakhi zomzimba, ezimvumela ukuthi angabheki ukudla isikhathi eside. Isibonelo siyaziwa lapho ushaka wengane ukhishwe kushaka obanjiwe, esaphila. Wafakwa emanzini, lapho asinda khona, futhi waqala ukudla kuphela izinsuku eziyi-16.
Okubalulekile!Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kuka-whale shark sihlala cishe iminyaka emibili. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa ushiya umhlambi.
Ngaphandle kocwaningo lwesikhathi eside lwe-whale shark (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100), imininingwane enembe kakhulu ngokuzala ayikatholakali.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Abekho oshaka abaningi be-whale. Ama-beacon anamathiselwe ukulandelela inani labantu nezindlela zokuhamba. Isibalo sabantu abamakiwe sisondele ku-1000. Isibalo sangempela soshaka be-whale asaziwa.
Isibalo soshaka be-whale asikaze sibe sikhulu, ngaphandle kokushoda kwemininingwane enembile. Oshaka be-Whale bavame ukudotshwa. Ukuzingelwa kwakungokwesibindi nenyama yabo eyigugu, ecebile ngamafutha abalulekile oshaka. Maphakathi nama-90s, izifundazwe eziningi zavimbela ukubanjwa kwazo. Isimo esisemthethweni somhlaba wonke sokuvikela lesi silwane sisengozini. Kuze kube ngu-2000, isimo besibhalwe ukuthi asiqiniseki ngenxa yolwazi olunganele ngalolu hlobo.
Whale shark nendoda
I-whale shark inesimo sokunganaki, esivumela abatshuzi abanelukuluku ukuba bakwazi ukuhamba ngokoqobo emhlane wabo. Ungesabi ukugwinywa ngumlomo wakhe omkhulu. Umqhomo ka-whale shark ububanzi bakhe bungu-10 cm kuphela.Kodwa njengoba useduze nomsila wayo onamandla, kungcono ukuqapha. Isilwane singakushaya ngephutha ngomsila, okuthi uma singasibulali, sikhubaze kakhulu umzimba womuntu obuthaka.
Kuyathakazelisa!Futhi, izivakashi kufanele ziqaphele ushaka uqobo, ukuthinta okujwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe kungalimaza ungqimba lwamafinyila olungaphandle oluyivikela kuma-parasites amancane.
Ngenxa yothando lokubhukuda eduze kwaphezulu, kanye nokuhamba kancane kwayo nokungakwazi ukuhamba kahle, i-whale shark ivame ukuwela ngaphansi kwezinhlamvu zemikhumbi ehambayo, ilimale. Mhlawumbe ushukunyiswa ilukuluku elilula.
