I-Amur sleeper, noma i-Amur sleeper, noma utshani, noma i-firebrand (i-Perssottus glienii) iyinhlobo yezinhlanzi ezikhishwe ngemisebe yomndeni wezingodo futhi iyona kuphela emele uhlobo lwezinkuni (Perssotus). Ezincwadini, kuvame ukutholakala igama eliqondile lesiLatini: glehni noma glenhi. Igama lohlobo - uPersottus nalo liyiphutha.
Incazelo ye-rotan
Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu elidlule, phakathi kwama-aquarists angaphandle nakwasekhaya, i-rotan imvamisa yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Amur goby, ngenxa yokuvela kwesimo senhlanzi enjalo.
Ukubukeka
Ama-Rotan, noma utshani, banomzimba ominyene futhi omfushane, ombozwe ngezikali ezingafiphele naphakathi nendawo.... Isikhuni somlilo se-rotan sihlukaniswa ngombala ongaguquguquki, kepha noma kunjalo, amathoni aluhlaza okotshani futhi anombala onsundu anamandla, ngobukhona obusobala bamabala amancane nemivimbo yesimo esingajwayelekile. Ukugcwala kwesisu, njengomthetho, kungumbala we-nondescript grey. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, ama-rotan athola umbala omnyama oyisici. Ubude benhlanzi endala buyehluka kuye ngezimo eziyisisekelo zendawo yokuhlala, kepha cishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-14-25. Isisindo esiphezulu senhlanzi endala singama-480-500 amagremu.
Inhloko yokulala kwe-Amur inkulu kakhulu, inomlomo omkhulu, ihleli ngamazinyo amancane futhi acijile, ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana. Izembozo ze-gill zezinhlanzi zinomgogodla oqondiswe emuva, isici sazo zonke izinhlanzi ezinjenge-perch. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokulala kwe-Amur ukwakheka komgogodla othambile namaphiko athambile ngaphandle kwameva acijile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emthonjeni onesihlabathi, izikali zabalala be-Amur zikhanya kakhulu kunalezo zabantu abahlala emanzini anexhaphozi. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, cishe ngoMeyi-Julayi, owesilisa uphenduka umbala omnyama omuhle, kuyilapho owesifazane, kunalokho, ethola imibala ekhanyayo.
Kunamaphiko amabili wesifunda esingemuva, kepha isiphetho sangemuva side kakhulu. Umhlobo lo ubonakala ngephetho elifitjhani le-anal fin nelikhulu, elirondo le-pectoral. Umphetho womsila wenhlanzi nawo uyisiyingi Ngokuvamile, ukulala kwe-Amur kufana kakhulu nokubukeka kwabamele izinhlanzi ezivamile ze-goby, kodwa kunamaphiko amancane amancane angenakulinganiswa.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Ama-Rotan awakwazi ukusinda lapho efriziwe ngokuphelele, kepha lapho amanzi eba yiqhwa, ngenxa yeglucose kanye ne-glycerin, efihlwa yizinhlanzi, ukwanda kasawoti omningi ezicutshini nasemanzini kukhuphuka kakhulu, okufaka ekwehleni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa le-crystallization. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kwamanzi, ama-rotan angabuyela kalula emisebenzini yawo ejwayelekile.
I-Peressottus glienii ithanda imizimba emile yamanzi, amachibi kanye namaxhaphozi... Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo azithobeki kakhulu ezimeni zangaphandle, kufaka phakathi ukushoda komoya-mpilo, kepha zizama ukugwema amadamu ngokugeleza okusheshayo noma okulingene. Okuwukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-firebrands ohlala emachibini, utholakala emachibini amancane, akhule kakhulu futhi anamaxhaphozi, kanye neminsalo yemifula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Rotan akwazi ukumelana kalula nokomiswa okuyingxenye yamachibi kanye nokuqandisa ngokuphelele amanzi aze afike ezansi ebusika, futhi aphile ngokuphelele ngisho nasemanzini angcolile.
Inhlanzi ehlala phansi, izingela ngenkuthalo nezinye izidlakela ezivamile - ezicashe ezihlahleni eziminyene ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaDisemba, izinhlanzi zakha ukuqoqana okuphawulekayo emigodini yeqhwa egcwala uquqaba olumanzi lweqhwa lomoya. Kulesi simo sokuba ndikindiki, izinhlanzi zilala kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Emachibini aseduze neMoscow, izikhuni zomlilo ze-rotan, njengomthetho, azifihli.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila esimaphakathi sokulala kwe-Amur ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu singaphakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, kepha ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-8-10.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ekuqaleni, izingqimba zoMfula i-Amur, kanye nengxenye eseMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, izifunda ezisenyakatho yeNyakatho Korea kanye nensimu esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, zazisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala ye-rotan. Ukuvela kwalokhu kuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwezinkuni ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule emgodini weLake Baikal kubhekwa ososayensi abaningi njengomphumela wokungcola kwezinto eziphilayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Namuhla ukutholakala kwe-rotan kuyaziwa emigodini yemifula efana neVolga neDnieper, iDon neDniester, iDanube ne-Irtysh, i-Ural neStyr, kanye ne-Ob, lapho le nhlanzi ithanda khona imizimba yamanzi emile nezikhukhula.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-rotan akhululwa emachibini aseSt. Petersburg, kodwa ngokushesha asakazeka cishe yonke indawo eNyakatho ye-Eurasia naseRussia, kanye nasemazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Ezinqolobaneni ezinemiphakathi yezinhlanzi esungulwe nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo zezilwane, cishe azikho izinsiza zokudla zamahhala. Ezinqolobaneni ezinjalo, u-Amur olele ngokuthobekile uhlala ikakhulukazi eduze nendawo esogwini, ezimileni, ngakho-ke, akukho mthelela omubi obonakalayo ekwakhiweni kwe-ichthyofauna.
Ukudla, ukudla okunomsoco
Ama-Rotan yizilwane ezidla emanzini... Uma ekuqaleni ifry isetshenziselwa ukondla i-zooplankton, khona-ke ngemuva kwesikhashana ama-invertebrate amancane nama-benthos asebenza njengokudla kwezinhlanzi. Abantu abadala badla ngenkuthalo izinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi, izingwe nezinsizwa, kanye nofeleba. Ama-Bigheads ayakwazi ukondla i-caviar yezinye izinhlanzi ngisho ne-carrion. Lezi zinhlobo zinamehlo amahle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ibona inyamazane yazo ikude, ngemuva kwalokho ithi ukuhamba kancane, "ideshi" isondela kulowo ohlukunyeziwe, isebenza ngaleso sikhathi kuphela ngamaphiko ayo okhalo. Ukuhamba kwe-rotan yokuzingela kuhamba kancane kakhulu futhi kuzolile, kanti nenhlanzi uqobo lwayo ibonakaliswa ubuhlakani, obuyivumela ukuthi yenze izinqumo ezingasho lutho ezimweni ezinzima.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwe-rotan, ubuzimuzimu sebusabalele ngesimo sezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla abantu abancane bezinhlobo zazo, ngenxa yokuthi isicupho sigwinywa ngokujulile ngesikhathi sokudoba.
Ezinqolobaneni ezincane, abalala be-Amur basheshe babe baningi, ngakho-ke, bayakwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele nangokulula cishe bonke abamele noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingadli ezinye. Ama-Rotan athanda kakhulu futhi imvamisa awazi umqondo wokulingana kokudla. Lapho inhlanzi isigcwele ngokuphelele, iba mkhulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesimo sayo esijwayelekile. Ama-rotan anele ngokushesha aya ezansi, lapho angahlala khona kuze kube yizinsuku ezintathu, ezama ukugaya ngokuphelele ukudla.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-rotan
Izicishamlilo zeRotan zifinyelela ekuvuthweni okuphelele kwezocansi cishe ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila. Isikhathi sokubamba esisebenzayo siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Owesifazane ovamile womuntu kuphela omele uhlobo lohlobo lomlilo uyakwazi ukushanela afinyelela emaqandeni ayinkulungwane. Esigabeni sokuzala, abesilisa abagcini nje ngokuguqula umbala omnyama, kepha futhi bathola uhlobo lokukhula oluvela endaweni engaphambili. Abesifazane basePerssotus glienii, ngakolunye uhlangothi, babonakala ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, okumhlophe ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngenxa yokuthi abantu abavuthiwe babonakala ngokusobala emanzini ashubile.
Amaqanda e-Rotan ahlukaniswa ngokuma kwawo oku-oblong nombala ophuzi. Iqanda ngalinye linesiqu sentambo, ngenxa yokuthi siqinile futhi sinokwethenjelwa embhedeni. Njengoba wonke amaqanda elenga ngokukhululeka futhi egezwa njalo ngamanzi, izinkomba zawo zobungqabavu zanda kakhulu. Onke amaqanda amakwe ngabesifazane ahlala egadwe owesilisa, okulungele ukuvikela inzalo yakhe futhi ayivikele ngenkuthalo kunoma iziphi ezinye izidalwa zasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-rotan ekwazi ukuzivikela ngempumelelo ekungeneleleni kwe-verkhovka noma i-ruff, khona-ke nge-perch umhlaseli onjalo wamanzi unamathuba angalingani futhi uvame ukulahlekelwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi izibungu zokulala kwe-Amur ziqale ukuqandula kakhulu emaqandeni, imvamisa inzalo igwinywa owesilisa uqobo - lolu uhlobo lomzabalazo wabantu abaneminyaka ehlukene ukuze basinde. Izinkuni zomlilo ziyakwazi ukuhlala noma emanzini anosawoti omncane, kepha inqubo yokuzala ingenziwa kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi amasha. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubona impilo, kanye nokuzala kanye nemikhuba yokulala kwe-Amur ezimweni ze-aquarium. Ekuthunjweni, imikhuba yesilwane esivamile ivela, efihla phakathi kwezimila futhi ihlasele isisulu sayo ngejubane lombani.
Okubalulekile!Izimo ezifanele zokukhiqiza okusebenzayo kuphela kommeleli wohlobo lomlilo umlilo ukutholakala kombuso wokushisa wamanzi ebangeni le-15-20 ° C.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo ezivame kakhulu zePerssotus glienii yi-Amur pike (Esokh reisherti), i-Amur catfish (Parsilurus asotus), i-Amur snakehead (iChanna argus), kanye nezinye izidalwa zasemanzini ezinkulu kakhulu.
Inani lokuhweba
Njengamanje, kusathungathwa izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwehlisa inani labantu balowo odla emanzini.... Emapulazini amaningi echibini, ama-rotan enza ingozi enkulu ngokudla i-caviar futhi abhubhise izingane zanoma iyiphi inhlanzi eyigugu.
Izici zebhayoloji ezihluke ngokuphelele kumuntu olele e-Amur zivumele lo mmeleli kuphela wohlobo lomlilo ukuba abe uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu, oluhlala isikhashana futhi luqhubeka nokuzibandakanya ngokwengeziwe ngemizimba emisha yamanzi, ngisho nokude kakhulu nobubanzi bomlando.
Imithombo yolwazi ibhala ngemvelo yokulala kwe-Amur, edla inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-invertebrate asemanzini cishe wawo wonke amaqembu, kepha kunikezwa izinto eziphilayo ezihambayo. Esiswini senhlanzi esikhulile, umuntu angabona ubukhona bezimpungushe, amaqanda nezinhlanzi ezincane zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kunoma imiphi imizimba yamanzi yemvelo neyokufakelwa enabantu abaningi, izinhlanzi ezindala ezidlayo zidla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla eziwela emanzini. Ukudla kokutshala esiswini senhlanzi enjalo akuvamile ukubonwa.
Ngaphezu kokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu futhi ezingeni elihloniphekile lezakhiwo zabathengi, izinzuzo zenyama eyi-rotan yomzimba womuntu nazo ziyaziwa. Izici ezizuzisayo zale nhlanzi zibangelwa ukwakheka okulinganiselwe kwamavithamini namaminerali, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kukavithamini "PP", isulfure ne-zinc, i-fluorine ne-molybdenum, i-chlorine ne-chromium, i-nickel.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-Rotan angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanzi ezinokhula, ezikwaziyo ukususa ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ngenkuthalo echibini noma ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lazo lonke. Manje inani lalezi zinhlobo lisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke, izindlela zokusebenzisana nommeleli kuphela wohlobo lwezibhulamlilo, ezidala ukulimala okukhulu echibini nakwezomnotho wamachibi, manje sezithuthukiswa kakhulu. Lapho kungekho izidalwa zasemanzini, u-Amur olele, njengomthetho, ususa ngokuphelele izinhlanzi ezinjenge-roach, dace ngisho ne-carp crucian.
Abaphenyi manje bathole izindlela eziningana zebhayoloji zokucindezela inani labantu, kufaka phakathi ukususa izimila ezivikelayo, ukubamba, ukuqoqa amaqanda ngezikhathi zemvelo, kanye nokufaka izindawo zokuzala ezizenzekelayo.
Okubalulekile!Kuyadingeka ukufaka amanetha wokuzivikela akhethekile ngaphakathi kwazo zonke izingibe zezinhlanzi.
Kwenziwe nendlela yamakhemikhali eyenza ukuthi kuncishiswe inani labantu be-rotan, kepha inketho enhle kunazo zonke okwamanje ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo sezinyathelo eziyisisekelo: ukusetshenziswa kwe-ichthyocides, ukwelashwa kwamachibi aseduze anelime elisheshayo kanye namanzi e-ammonia, ukususwa kwezimila zasemanzini, kanye nokulinganiswa kwemibhede yamachibi emisele egcwele yamanzi. ...
Ngokushoda okuphawulekayo kwezinye izinhlobo zokudla, abantu abakhulu kakhulu nabathuthuke kakhulu abalele i-Amur badla abamele abancane kakhulu bezinhlobo zabo ngokusemandleni. Kungale ndlela lapho ubukhulu benani labantu bePeressotus glienii ligcinwa ezinkomba ezizinzile.
