Lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo esifana nezilwane zasendulo ezaziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini singagcinwa kahle ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Kwakuyi-axolotl eyaba yisibonelo sokubonakala kukadrako omuhle ongenamazinyo kusuka kukhathuni Indlela Yokuqeqesha Idrako Yakho, eyaduma ngo-2010, futhi yakhuthaza nabadali bohlamvu lwenganekwane uLuntik.
Incazelo ye-axolotl
I-Axolotl akulona "igama elifanele" lesilwane okukhulunywa ngaso... Kungokwenhlobo i-Ambystoma mexicanum (i-ambistoma yaseMexico), ngakho-ke ungabiza noma yisiphi isibungu se-ambist. Iqiniso ngukuthi lolu hlobo, kanye ne-tiger ambistoma, kuthanda kakhulu ukuba neoteny - uhlobo lokuphila ngesimo sesibungu ngaphandle kokunye ukuguqulwa komzimba. NgesiGreki, "neoteny" ngokwezwi nezwi lisho "intsha eyeluliwe." I-amphibian iba umuntu omdala, ingazala futhi iphile impilo yayo yonke njengesibungu, esivame ukubizwa nge-axolotl. Lokhu kungenxa izici ukusebenza indlala yakhe yegilo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma izimo zokuphila kwesibungu ziguqulwa, zingaguqulwa zibe umuntu omdala, zisuke kwi-axolotl zibe yi-ambistoma yabantu abadala ngokugcwele.
Igama elithi "axolotl" libolekwe kulimi lwaseMexico lasendulo, ngokunembile, ulimi lwama-Aztec lwesiNahuatl. Iqukethe izimpande ezimbili: "atl" - amanzi ne- "xolotl" - inja. Kwesinye isikhathi igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukuzijabulisa emanzini".
Ukubukeka
I-Axolotl ibukeka njengodrako omnandi noma ithoyizi elingajwayelekile. Ngaphandle, iyi-triton enekhanda elikhulu, amagobongo ayo aphumela ngaphandle ngesimo samagatsha amathathu amade e-pubescent. Umzimba wentulo uqukethe ikhanda, umzimba nomsila. Amathambo ayizicubu zesigaxa, awanawo amathambo, ikakhulukazi "athambile" - abantu abasha.
Inhloko - uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba ohlangene, omkhulu kakhulu, ukhulisiwe. Umlomo obanzi futhi oyisicaba ubukeka ulokhu umamatheka njalo. Izifihla ngokwayo ingabonakali, amazinyo amancane, kodwa abukhali - ngawo i-axolotl ibamba inyamazane kuphela, ayihloselwe ukudwengula. Amehlo mancane, amnyama, acwebezela, njengobuhlalu. Izigilo, ezifana namahlumela aluhlaza, zisuka emzimbeni ngemuva kwekhanda, isibungu singasicindezela futhi sisinyakazise ukusula izinhlayiya zokunamathela.
I-Torso - incishisiwe, icabalele kancane, ihlehlisiwe. Maphakathi nomhlane wonke kukhona igebe - lokhu kungukuphela. Ama-groove angu-16 ezinhlangothini anika i-triton ukubukeka "kwe-ringed". Isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi sithambile. I-axolotl inezimbili zemilenze emi-2: ngaphambili inezinzwane ezine, futhi ngemuva - 5.
Umsila - yinde, ibanzi, ithatha cishe u-¾ womzimba wonke. Umgoqo wokugcina ovela ngemuva udlulela kuwo ngobude bawo bonke. Ushesha kakhulu, okumsiza ukuba abhukude ngokushesha. Kanye nomsila, lesi sibungu sinama-vertebrae angama-50.
Ubukhulu - Ubude be-axolotl buba phakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-30 cm, isibungu singaba nesisindo esingafika ku-300 g, umzimba unebhantshi elingaba amasentimitha ayi-12 kuya kwayi-19. Abesifazane bancane kunabesilisa, banomsila omfushane kancane. Kwabhalwa amanye amaduna amakhulu anobude obungu-45 cm ubude.
Okubalulekile! Izibungu ze-tiger ambist zehlukile kwezaseMexico kuphela embhedeni wazo othambile hhayi ngomzimba oguquguqukayo, obushelelezi, ngaphandle kwalokho ziyafana.
Imibala ye-Axolotl
Lezi zidalwa ezinhle nezihlekisayo zingafakwa imibala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene nguMama Wemvelo. Umbala uncike kubantu (noma kulayini owenziwe ngokufakelwa), kanye nasezimeni lapho isibungu sihlala khona. Kubandakanya ukudla. I-Axolotl ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu zombala.
- "Izazi zemvelo" - omnyama noma omnyama nje (grey, brown, brownish, marsh) umbala onamachashazi. Iphethini emzimbeni ingahluka: incane, inkulu, ifana nenetha.
- Abamhlophe, kodwa hhayi ama-albino - umbala okhanyayo ebudaleni uhambisana nephethini eyiphethini ngemuva. I-amphibian kungenzeka kungabi yimhlophe emhlophe, i-pinkish ne-beige shades ivame ukutholakala. Amacembe we-Gill awabomvu, kepha abomvana ngokujulile. Amehlo amnyama noma ansundu.
- "Ama-Albs" - ngaphandle kombala. Imhlophe ngokuphelele, ingenamachashazi noma amaphethini, enezinqubo namehlo abomvu abomvu. Phakathi kwama-albino, kukhona nombala wegolide.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yeziphambano, kukhiqizwa ama-axolotls anemibala ehlukahlukene. Ososayensi abazama ama-GMO bathole ukuthi ngaphansi kwesibani se-fluorescent, isibungu sikhanyisa amabala namabala emzimbeni.
Ama-axolotl emvelo namhlophe ahluke kakhulu ngombala nangephethini, ikakhulukazi lawo akhuliswe ekhaya noma elebhu. Emvelweni wemvelo, babuswa yimibala emnyama, ngoba abantu abakhanyayo basengozini enkulu yezilwane futhi basinda kabi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-Axolotl ingaphefumula ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: ama-gill, amaphaphu noma isikhumba. Emanzini ahlanzekile, imishanguzo isebenza kakhulu, kepha endaweni engcolisiwe nengenawo umoya ongcono, amaphaphu ayasebenza, kanti ama-gill atrophy ngokwengxenye. Kodwa lapho kubuya izimo ezinhle, “amagatsha” e-gill akhula futhi. Imvelo inikeze isibungu amandla anamandla okuzivuselela. Ingabuyisa izingxenye eziningi zomzimba ezilahlekile - izigaxa, amaphiko, izidladla, ezinye izitho zangaphakathi. I-ambist yabantu abadala ayisenalo ikhono lokuzivuselela elinjalo.
Ama-Axolotls anyakaza sengathi "ama-jerks", egxuma ngaphambili kwezitho zomzimba. Kepha i-nimble, ngokungafani ne-ambistoma yomhlaba, awukwazi ukuyibiza, izolile futhi ayisebenzi. Isikhathi esiningi abasichitha ezansi kwamachibi noma ama-aquariums, bezulazula umsila wabo, noma "ukuhambisa phezulu" kukholamu lamanzi, bengathinti izinyawo zabo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, "ama-dragons" anyakazisa ama-branchials abo ukuwahlanza. Uma ungqongqoza engilazini ye-aquarium, i-axolotl izohamba kancane.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endle, lezi zasemanzini ziphila iminyaka engaba yishumi. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, ama-axolotls azothokozisa abanikazi bawo isikhathi eside, ehlala enempilo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15-20.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ngokwemvelo, i-axolotl isibe uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu. Zithathwa njengezijwayelekile ngoba zihlala cishe kuphela emachibini amabili asezintabeni eMexico - iCholco neXochimailco, etholakala eMexico City, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Lapho ama-Aztec ake akha lokho okuthiwa iziqhingi ezintantayo "chinampas", futhi namuhla kutshalwa kuzo izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zokuhlobisa. Ukuniselwa ngokuphelele, lezi ziqhingi nemisele phakathi kwazo zilungele ama-axolotl kanye ne-ambist yabantu abadala, ngakho-ke zizala lapho ngenkuthalo.
Ukugcina i-axolotl ekhaya
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ama-amphibian amahle akhuliswe ngenkuthalo ngabathandi bezimvu nabaqoqi basekhaya. Ukuzigcina ekuthunjweni akunzima, zizala kahle, azithobeki ezimeni nasekudleni, azihluphi ngokuziphatha kwazo, ngakho-ke zithandwa kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuhlolwa kokuvuselelwa kwezicubu kwenziwa kuma-axolotls, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu labo lakhuliswa njengezilwane zaselebhu.
Izindlela zokukhetha ze-Aquarium
Ubungako be-aquarium buncike ekutheni zingaki izinhlanzi ohlose ukuzigcina.... Ngokufanelekile, kungcono ukuba neziqukathi ezihlukile ze-axolotl ngayinye, ngoba ama-salamanders abantu abadala ayaphazamisana, ikakhulukazi uma eneminyaka yobudala ehlukile. Owesilisa "onolwazi" angacasula i-axolotl encane, ayilimaze noma ayidle nokuyidla.
Okubalulekile! Abantu abanobukhulu obuhlukahlukene abakwazi ukugcinwa ndawonye. Ama-axolotl kuphela angama-age afanayo nemingcele angahlala ndawonye, kufanele abe banzi.
Abantu abasha ababili bangagcinwa ndawonye esitsheni esingu-50 l, kepha lapho bekhula, lesi sikhala kufanele sinikezwe ngamunye wabo, futhi kungcono ukugcina izibungu ezimbalwa ngaphezulu ku-aquarium ebanzi engaba ngu-80-100 l.
Imishini ye-Aquarium
"I-Tritonchik" ayinakufakwa kalula emanzini. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngemvelo efana nemvelo ku-aquarium. I-Axolotl ayikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, inani elikhulu lezindawo zokukhosela, ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo. Ngakho-ke umnikazi onakekelayo kufanele anakekele ini?
Ukuncoma
Okubophezelekile, njengoba ama-salamanders ahambisa izidladla zawo futhi abambelela kuwo. Ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, bahlala becindezelwa njalo, nezidladla zabo zingambozwa nezilonda. Amatshe amancane namatshe amatshe, kanye nesihlabathi, akuyona into engcono kakhulu, ama-axolotls angawagwinya, kunokudala izinkinga kumgudu wawo wamathumbu. Thatha itshe elincane elingeke lingene emlonyeni we-axolotl.
Izindawo zokukhosela
Abagcini ngokwakha indawo entofontofo yesilwane, kepha futhi banikeza i-aquarium ukubukeka kokuhlobisa. Inani "lezindlu" kufanele libe ngaphezu kwenani eliphelele e-aquarium, isibungu ngasinye kufanele sibe nokuzikhethela. Qiniseka ukuthi izinto ezise-aquarium azinayo imiphetho ebukhali, imiphetho ephukile, ngoba isikhumba se- "Mexicoans" sibucayi kakhulu. Ungafaka ku-aquarium:
- izinkuni drift;
- izindlu zobumba nezithombe;
- amatshe anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene;
- imengamo;
- izimbiza;
- uhhafu wamakhukhunathi, njll.
Indawo yokuhlala
Gwema ukubeka i-aquarium ezindaweni ezikhanya kakhulu noma eduze kwemithombo yomsindo (ikhompyutha, i-TV). Isibani asidingeki ku-aquarium: lawa ama-amphibian asebusuku, bakhetha ubumnyama.
Izidingo zamanzi
Ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi kubalulekile, kepha hhayi njengokubaluleke kakhulu kuma-axolotls... Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi ezinamandla ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ziyesabeka. Kungcono ukhethe isihlungi sangaphakathi sokuhlunga nge-sorbent ngaphakathi, okudala ukunyakaza okuncane kwamanzi. Vele kuyalulekwa ukuthi kugcinwe i-aquarium ihlanzekile, isuse imfucumfucu yokudla masonto onke, bese ufaka amanzi amasha. Ukushintshwa okuphelele akunakwenzeka ukuthi kungadingeka ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-3-4.
Okubalulekile!Ukushisa kubaluleke kakhulu: izakhamuzi zamachibi asezintabeni, izibungu azibekezeleli amanzi afudumele. Ngisho nama-degrees Celsius angama-21 asevele efudumele kakhulu kubo, uma amanzi esha nangaphezulu, kuyabulala nokufa: bangagula kakhulu bafe.
Qiniseka ukuthi uhlomisa i-aquarium nge-thermometer: umbuso omuhle kakhulu wokushisa usuka kumadigri ayi-13 kuye kwangama-20. Uma igumbi lishisa, kuzofanele uthathe izinyathelo zokulihlisa (uma kwenzeka kuphuthumayo, vele ucwilise ibhodlela lamanzi afriziwe emanzini bese ulishintsha ngesikhathi). Ungahlela kabusha indawo yokuhlala ama-axolotls kusela noma egumbini elingaphansi kwehlobo.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Uma i-axolotl iqale yafakwa kahle, ukuyinakekela akunzima. Kwehla ukondla, ukuhlanza masonto onke i-aquarium kusuka kudoti wokudla, ukunakekela izinga lokushisa kwamanzi.
Uma udinga ukufaka omunye umuntu kwesinye isitsha, kufanele usebenzise inetha lendwangu elithambile bese wenza ngobumnene kakhulu, ngoba izibungu azinawo amathambo. Ukuvimbela "ama-dragons" ekuhlaselweni, kufanele ondliwe kahle, kepha futhi akufanelekile ukuwanika ngaphezulu. Ukuze ukhiqize noma uqedele ukuguqulwa komzimba, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile, esizoxoxa ngazo ngezansi.
Ukudla okunomsoco, ukudla
Njengawo wonke ama-amphibian, izibungu ze-ambistoma ziyizilwane ezidlayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzondla ngokudla okuphilayo - ama-bloodworms, asetshenziselwa izinhlanzi zasemanzini.
Okubalulekile! Akufanele weqe ngokweqile, ngoba izikelemu zegazi ezingadliwe ngesikhathi zithinta kakhulu ubumsulwa bamanzi.
Uma kungekho sibungu segazi, unganikela ngemisundu ye-axolotls, izingcezu ezincane zezinhlanzi eziluhlaza, imfanzi, izimbaza, izinambuzane ezingenamaphiko. Kuzofanele uthinte lolu hlobo lokudla, ngoba akunasisekelo ukukuphonsa emanzini, ngoba isibungu sidinga ukunyakaza. Kuvumelekile ukunikela ngezibungu ezinamaphisi ezinhlanzi ezidlayo, ezehla kancane, ukuze umhlaseli abe nesikhathi sokubamba ukudla ngaphambi kokuba kumuke. Ungawondli ama-axolotl ngenyama eyanyisayo: isisu se-amphibian asikwazi ukukugaya.
Uma ukudla kuwele phansi, ungakususa ngokuphephile: "ama-dragons" ngeke akwazi ukukubona, ngoba amehlo abo abheke phezulu kuphela. Hlanza ngokushesha ukuze ukudla kungoni amanzi. Uma ukudla kungaphili, kuzofanele unikeze okuphakelayo noma udlawana. Isebenzisa imihlathi yayo kuphela ukubamba inyamazane ephilayo, bese “iyayimunca” emlonyeni wayo obanzi bese iyigwinya iphelele, ngakho-ke, imvamisa yokondla ama-axolotls abantu abadala iba kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu ukuze ukudla kugayeke. Isibungu ngokwaso ngeke siyeke ukudla ukuze sisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina inani elifanele lokudla. Uma i-axolotl ingondli amasonto ama-2-3, kungenzeka ukuthi akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka kuyo, inamandla kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-axolotl
Zizala kahle ekuthunjweni. Ukuze uhlukanise owesilisa nowesifazane, udinga ukuvula isibungu uphinde uhlole indawo ye-cloaca: kowesilisa kubonakaliswa kakhulu, njengokungathi kuvuvukile, kugobekile. Abesifazane abanalutho lwalolu hlobo, ngaphezu kwalokho, babanzi kakhulu ebunzini kunabesilisa. Ukuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana kwama-axolotls ushintsho ekushiseni kwamanzi, okungukuthi. Ukushisa kwayo okuncane ngokuncipha kokukhanyisa. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa kalula ngokuzenzela ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuzalanisa, gcina laba bantu behlukane izinsuku ezimbalwa endaweni eshisayo ephansi, cishe ngama-degree ayi-10, acishe alambe kancane, bese uwahlanganisa emanzini afudumele kunama-degree ayi-18.
Ngokwesiko lokukhwelana, owesilisa udinga isikhala - lena enye ingxabano ye-aquarium ebanzi. Owesilisa ukhipha amahlule wesidoda, bese kuthi owesifazane abeke amaqanda angenamvundiso kuwo noma adonse amahlule ngama-cloaca akhe. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-18-30 ngemuva kokukhulelwa, uzophanyeka amaqanda ezitshalweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi noma ezintweni zokufakelwa, ngemuva kwalokho abesilisa kumele basuswe e-aquarium ukuze bangadli i-clutch, futhi bagcine amanzi efudumele ngokulingene - ama-20-21 degrees. Uma iqanda liba mhlophe noma mpunga, kufanele lisuswe ukuze lingatheleleli imibungu enempilo.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, gazinga elifana nenhlanzi lizoqhamuka emaqandeni alingana nepea... Cishe zingu-2 cm ubude, namanje zingenazidladla, ezingeke zikhule ngasikhathi sinye: imilenze yangemuva ngesonto, kanti eyangaphambili ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Amantshontsho kufanele ondliwe kuqala ngama-ciliates, bese kuthi nge-daphnia, ama-bloodworms amancane, ukudla okukhethekile ngefry ngezinga le-1: 4 lomthamo wabantu abadala, futhi njengoba ekhula, adlulisele ekudleni kwabantu abadala. Amanzi amaqanda kanye nefry kufanele agcinwe ehlanzekile, eshintsha nsuku zonke.
Ukuphinda ukuvundiswa kowesifazane kungenziwa ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezi-2 kamuva (kuze kube izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngonyaka), futhi owesilisa angaba yinsimbi kaningi. Ama-Axolotls avuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-10-11, kepha ukuzala kwawo okuhle kuneminyaka engama-2-3. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala bazala kakhulu kakhulu.
Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Ochwepheshe abaningi abakukhuthazi ukutshala izibungu ze-ambistoma nezinye izinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Izakhamizi ezincane ze-aquarium zizoba yizisulu zezilwane eziphila ezweni, futhi ezinkulu zizozihlasela ngokwazo, futhi ngokuqinisekile zizokwethusa amagatsha e-gill ezilwaneni ezihamba kancane. Izimfudu nezinye izilwane zasemanzini nazo azingomakhelwane abangcono kakhulu kuzo ngenxa yokudla okungahambelani kanye nokuhlukumezeka okuhlangene. AbaseMexico banezifo ezivamile ezinamasele anamagundane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushisa amanzi ahlukahlukene anethezekile ezinhlanzini "nasemadragoni wamanzi".
Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-goldfish: zikhulu ngokwanele ukuze i-axolotl ingazidli, bese-ke, zithanda namanzi apholile. Into esemqoka ukondla kahle labo nabanye kahle ukuze ugweme ngisho nemizamo yokuhlasela.
Thenga i-axolotl, intengo
Izibungu ze-Ambistoma zingathengwa kalula ezitolo zezilwane nakubachwepheshe abazibandakanya ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Ama-Axolotls nawo anikezwa ukuthengwa online. Ensimini yezwe lethu, kuma-80% wamacala, ungathenga "udrako" waseMexico, ama-ambistomas engwe ajwayelekile kakhulu. Intengo ye-1 axolotl iqala kuma-ruble angama-400.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Abantu abathathe ama- "aksiks" bayaqaphela isimo sabo sokuzola kanye nethonya lokuthula... Izilwane ezifuywayo zivumela nokuthi ziphululwe. Abanikazi bathi bayizidalwa ezihlakaniphile futhi ezisheshayo, bayabona labo abazondlayo, bathanjisiwe. Udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ukuthi uthathe isidalwa esikhohliseka kalula, ngoba uhlaka olubucayi kulula ukulimaza. Uma i-axolotl isaba, ingabamba umuntu kalula ngomunwe, kepha lokhu akulimazi futhi akunangozi ngokuphelele.Ukugcina lezi zasemanzini kuyajabulisa kakhulu futhi akunzima kangako.
