I-sable yaseJapan ingomunye wabamele umndeni womarten. Iklonyeliswa ngoboya bayo bukanokusho, ithathwa njengePredator futhi ingeyesilwane esincelisayo.
Incazelo yenyoni yaseJapan
I-sable yaseJapane isilwane esincanyana kakhulu esivela emndenini wama-marten... Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Japanese marten. Inama-subspecies amathathu - iMartes melampus, iMartes melampus coreensis, iMartes melampus tsuensis. Uboya obuyigugu besilwane, njengamanye ama-sables, yilokho okubhekiswe kubo abazingeli abangekho emthethweni.
Ukubukeka
Njengezinye izinhlobo ezihlekayo, i-Japanese marten inomzimba omncane futhi oguquguqukayo, imilenze emifushane nenhloko emise okwekhanda. Kanye nekhanda, ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bungamasentimitha angama-47-54, kanti umsila ungama-17-23 cm ubude. Lesi silwane sibuye sihehe ngoboya baso obukhanyayo obuphuzi nsundu. Kukhona futhi nama-marten aseJapan anombala onsundu onsundu. Eqinisweni, uboya besilwane bunombala "wokufihla" wezimpawu zendawo yokuhlala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esinye isici esivelele, nesimangazayo salesi sable enhle indawo ekhanyayo entanyeni. Kwezinye izilwane, imhlophe qwa, kwezinye ingaphuzi noma ibe ukhilimu.
Abesilisa bayehluka kwabesifazane ngomzimba omkhulu. Isisindo sabo singafinyelela cishe kuma-kilogram amabili, okuyisisindo esiphindwe kathathu sowesifazane. Isisindo esivamile sable sowesifazane waseJapan sisuka kumagremu angama-500 siye ku-1 kilogram.
Indlela yokuphila Sable
I-sable yaseJapan incamela ukuhlala yodwa, njengabafowethu abaningi bomndeni weasel. Owesilisa nowesifazane ngamunye banensimu yabo, imingcele lapho isilwane simaka khona ngezimfihlo zezindlala zangasese. Futhi, lapha, kunomehluko wobulili - isikali sendawo yasekhaya sowesilisa silinganiselwa ku-0.7 km2, kanti owesifazane mncane kancane - 0.63 km2. Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo yowesilisa ayikhawuleli endaweni yenye indoda, kepha njalo "ingena" endaweni yomhlaba yowesifazane.
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokukhwelana, imingcele enjalo "iyasulwa", abesifazane bavumela abesilisa ukuthi "babavakashele" ukuthola inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Esinye isikhathi, imingcele yekhaya ivikelwe ngabaninizo. Iziza zasekhaya zivumela izilwane ukuthi zingagcini nje ngokwakha indawo yokuphumula nokuhlala, kodwa futhi nokuthola ukudla. Abafel 'ukholo baseJapan bakha "izindlu" zabo zokulala nokuvikelwa ezitheni ezihlahleni eziyize, baphinde bambe imigodi emhlabathini. Ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla, izilwane zingagxuma cishe ngamamitha ayi-2-4 ubude!
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endle, i-sable yaseJapan iphila ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka eyi-9-10.... Izilwane ezigcinwa ekuthunjweni okuhle, eduze kwezimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila singakhuphuka. Yize lokhu kungavamile, kunzima ukubona i-Japanese marten noma olunye uhlobo lwesibaya ema-zoo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indlwana yaseJapan itholakala ikakhulu eziqhingini zaseJapan - iShikoku, iHonshu, iKyushu neHokkaido. Isilwane sayiswa esiqhingini sokugcina sisuka eHonshu ngeminyaka yama-40s ukukhulisa imboni yoboya. Futhi, i-marten yaseJapane ihlala endaweni yePeninsula yaseKorea. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi zenyoni yaseJapan ngamahlathi. Isilwane sithanda ikakhulukazi amahlathi e-coniferous ne-oki. Angaphila ngisho nasezintabeni (kuze kufike ku-2000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle), inqobo nje uma kukhona izihlahla ezikhulayo lapho, ezisebenza njengendawo yokuvikela nomhume. Kuyaqabukela lapho isilwane sihlala endaweni evulekile.
Izimo zokuphila ezifanele i-Japanese marten esiqhingini saseTsushima. Ubusika abukho lapho, futhi indawo engama-80% ihlala ehlathini. Inani elincane lesiqhingi, izinga lokushisa elihle liyisiqinisekiso esihle sempilo entofontofo, enokuthula nokuzala kwesilwane esithwele uboya.
Ukudla kwesable kwaseJapan
Isidlani lesi silwane esihle futhi esihle? Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyisilwane esidlayo (kodwa kuphela ezilwaneni ezincane), ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungumuntu odla imifino kuphela. I-Japanese marten ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi yi-omnivorous futhi ayikhethi. Isilwane sizijwayeza kalula indawo yokuhlala nokushintsha kwezinkathi, futhi singadla izilwane ezincane, izinambuzane, amajikijolo kanye nembewu.
Imvamisa, ukudla kwe-marten yaseJapan kuqukethe amaqanda, izinyoni, amaxoxo, ama-crustaceans, gazinga, amaqanda, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, iminyovu, ama-millipedes, amabhungane, izicabucabu, izakhamizi ezahlukahlukene zamachibi, amagundane, izikelemu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Impungushe yaseJapane, ngenkathi izingela izibungu zomnyovu, ayilunywa izinambuzane ezinemigqa ezinonya. Ngasizathu simbe, ulaka lwabo ludlula ngababhubhisi abanoboya bezidleke zabo. Njengokungathi amasabile angabonakali ngomzuzu onjalo - imfihlakalo yemvelo!
I-Japanese marten idla amajikijolo nezithelo lapho ingenakho okunye okuphakelayo. Ngokuvamile "imifino" yakhe iwela esikhathini kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla. Kubantu, uhlangothi oluhle lwe-marten yaseJapan ukuthi ibhubhisa amagundane amancane - izinambuzane ezisemasimini futhi ingumsindisi wokuvunwa kokusanhlamvu.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke cishe zonke izilwane, kufaka phakathi imbila yaseJapan, ngumuntu onomgomo oboya obuhle besilwane. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bazingela uboya nganoma iyiphi indlela enqatshelwe.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphakathi kwendawo yasendle yaseJapan (ngaphandle kweziqhingi zaseTsushim naseHokkaido, lapho isilwane sivikelwe umthetho), ukuzingela kuvunyelwe izinyanga ezimbili kuphela - uJanuwari noFebhuwari!
Isitha sesibili sesilwane imvelo embi: izilwane eziningi nazo ziyafa ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi ezisetshenziswa kwezolimo.... Ngenxa yalezi zinto ezimbili, inani lamasabula aseJapan selinciphile kakhulu kangangokuba kudingeke ukuthi lifakwe kwi-International Red Book. Ngokuqondene nezitha zemvelo, zimbalwa kakhulu zazo. Ubuxhakaxhaka besilwane nempilo yaso yasebusuku kuyisivikelo semvelo engozini ezayo. I-marten yaseJapan, lapho izwa usongo empilweni yayo, icasha khona lapho emigodini yezihlahla noma emigodini.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sable waseJapan siqala ngenyanga yokuqala yasentwasahlobo... Kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuMay lapho kwenzeka khona ukukhwelwa kwezilwane. Abantu abafinyelele ebusheni - iminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala bakulungele ukukhiqizwa kwenzalo. Lapho owesifazane ekhulelwa, ukuze kungabikho lutho oluvimba imidlwane ekuzalweni, i-diapause ibeka emzimbeni: zonke izinqubo, imetabolism ivinjelwe, futhi isilwane singathwala umbungu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Kusukela maphakathi noJulayi kuya engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti, kuzalwa inzalo yenyoni yaseJapan. Udoti uqukethe imidlwane engu-1-5. Izingane zizalwa zimbozwe ngoboya obuzacile, izimpumputhe futhi zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko ubisi lwabesifazane. Lapho nje amasables amancane efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala bezinyanga eziyi-3-4, angashiya umgodi wabazali, ngoba asevele ekwazi ukuzingela ngokwawo. Futhi ngokuthomba baqala "ukumaka" imingcele yezindawo zabo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokweminye imibiko, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili edlule, i-marten yaseJapan (iMartes melampus) yaba uhlobo oluhlukile kwesilwane esivamile (uMartes zibellina). Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zazo - iMartes melampus coreensis (indawo yokuhlala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Korea); IMartes melampus tsuensis (isiqhingi sendawo yokuhlala eJapane - iTsushima) kanye noM. M. Melampus.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-subspecies Martes melampus tsuensis avikelwe ngokusemthethweni eziqhingini zaseTsushima, lapho ama-88% enamahlathi, ama-34% awo kungama-conifers. Namuhla, isiza saseJapan sivikelwe umthetho futhi sibhalwe ku-International Red Book.
Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu emvelweni yemvelo yaseJapan, kwenzeke izinguquko ezinqala, ezingabanga namphumela omuhle empilweni yesilwane saseJapan. Inombolo yayo yehle kakhulu (ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, ukusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane zokubulala ezolimo). Ngo-1971, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuvikela lesi silwane.
