Onogolantethe baseRazini bathola igama labo elisemthethweni, elibukeka njengesidlaliso esidlalwayo, ngenxa yoqhwaku lwabo oluhlala luvulekile. Umlomo oqondile ujoyina uqhwaku olugobile kuphela ekugcineni / ekuqaleni, futhi maphakathi igebe eliphakathi kwabo lifinyelela ku-0.6 cm.
Incazelo yama-razin storks
Uhlobo lwe-Anastomus lumelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili - i-Anastomus lamelligerus (i-African razin stork) ne-Anastomus oscitans (i-Indian razin stork), ebizwa nangokuthi i-gongal. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ungalandelwa endaweni nangaphandle.
Ukubukeka
Unogolantethe kunzima ukudida nezinye izinyoni ngenxa yemilenze yazo emide ebomvu nemilomo enamandla evulekile.... I-dimorphism yezocansi cishe ayifakwanga ekubukekeni (yize abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa), kepha kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuthandana ngothando Zombili lezi zinhlobo ze-Anastomus zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, zinwebeka u-3-5 kg ngobude obungu-0.8-0.9 m nobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-1.5 wamaphiko abanzi.
Okubalulekile! I-African Razin stork yehlukile kunaleyo yaseNdiya enezimpaphe ezimnyama (ezicishe zibe mnyama), ekhombisa umbala onsundu, oluhlaza okotshani nobomvu.
Unogolantethe waseNdiya unemibala ekhanyayo (kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kwesiliva), uma kuqhathaniswa nempaphe emnyama emsileni / emaphikweni nangoqhwaku oluphuzi ngokumpunga. Umsila uyindilinga futhi mfushane, izitho zicishe zibe nqunu ngokuphelele (kukhona izimpaphe ngaphezulu kuphela), iminwe emide ayinazo ulwelwesi. Ama-gongals amancane atholakala kalula ngezimpaphe zawo ezinsundu, ezingenazo izinyoni ezindala.
Indlela Yokuphila
Lezi yizinyoni zomphakathi, ezijwayele ukuhlala emakoloni hhayi nje kuphela nezinye onogolantethe, kodwa futhi nezinyoni zamanzi ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, izindwandwe. Imiphakathi emikhulu yezinyoni iphumelela kakhulu ekuvikeleni ezitheni, okuyilokho amatshwele akudinga kakhulu. Njengomthetho, onogolantethe bakha izidleke ezihlahleni eziwugqinsi lwehlathi, kodwa eduze nogu.
Ikoloni lezimfezi linezidleke ezingafika kumamitha ayi-150, ezakhiwe ezigabeni eziphakeme kakhulu ukuze izinyoni ezinobungane zihlale phansi ngezansi. Ukungangqubuzani kunomthelela ebudlelwaneni obuhle bomakhelwane: onogolantethe abangeni ekuxabaneni komndeni futhi abaxabani nezinye izinyoni. Onogolantethe bahlala eduze naleli koloni, bendiza ngamakhilomitha ayi-1-1.5 ukusuka kulo beyofuna ukudla. Zindiza ngokushesha, ngokuzithemba zishaya amaphiko azo futhi zishintshele ekundizeleni uma ukuhlala emoyeni kubambezelekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izingwamza azizithandi izikhala lapho kunemisinga yomoya enamandla - ngenxa yalesi sizathu azikwazi ukubonwa zindiza ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izindlela zokuxhumana zezinpankane ukuchofoza okuhlukile komlomo wazo. Amatshwele abo kuphela asebenzisa izwi: ukuveza ukungeneliseki, basine ngobudlwangudlwangu noma bagcwale njengamakati.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Kukholakala ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kukanogolantethe sinqunywa yizinhlobo nezimo zaso.... Umkhuba ojwayelekile awushintshiwe - ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zihlala isikhathi eside kabili kunezimo zemvelo. Ngenkathi ezindaweni zabo ezijwayelekile, onogolantethe baseRazini kuyaqabukela bephila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-18-20, kuma-zoo umkhawulo omkhulu yiminyaka engama-40-45.
Indawo yokuhlala
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zonogolantethe zihlala lapho kunamanzi khona. Uhla lwamaNdiya lumboza izifunda ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Asia naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kufaka phakathi amazwe anjenge:
- I-India neNepal;
- Thailand;
- IBangladesh;
- Pakistan;
- I-Sri Lanka;
- ICambodia neMyanmar;
- ILaos neVietnam.
IGongal ikhetha izindawo ezingamaxhaphozi, kufaka phakathi amasimu anezikhukhula (lapho kulinywa khona irayisi), amaxhaphozi angajulile namachibi anosawoti anesisindo samanzi esingamasentimitha ayi-10-50. 1 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Okubalulekile! I-African Razin stork ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi, ngayinye enebanga layo.
U-Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus wazinza ezwenikazi i-Afrika - eningizimu yeSahara nasenyakatho ne-Southern Tropic. Ama-subspecies anomusa kakhulu (i-Anastomus lamelligerus madagaskarensis) izidleke entshonalanga yeMadagascar. I-African Razin stork ikhetha izifunda ezishisayo ezinamaxhaphozi, imifula namachibi, iziza ezigcwele amanzi nezindawo ezimanzi. Onogolantethe bathanda izimfunda ezinotshani obufushane, kodwa abayithandi imihlanga engavikeleki nezihlahlana. Futhi, zombili izinhlobo ze-Anastomus zizama ukuhlala kude nokuhlala kwabantu.
Ukudla kwe-Razin stork
Zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zizulazula eduze konqenqema lwamanzi noma zilima amanzi angajulile, zigwema amanzi ajulile, njengoba zingakwazi ukubhukuda. Ngokungafani nendwandwe, elandelela inyamazane yayo inganyakazi, unogolantethe uyaphoqeleka ukuba ahambe eduze nendawo yokudla. Njengoba ibone into efanelekile, le nyoni iphonsa intamo yayo ngokushesha, iyishaye ngomlomo wayo bese igwinya ngokushesha. Uma isisulu sizama ukubaleka, unogolantethe uyasilandela, asibambe ngomlomo waso omude.
Ukudla kwe-gongal kufaka izilwane eziningi ezihambayo noma zokubhukuda:
- iminenke nezinkalankala;
- izimbaza;
- izikelemu zasemanzini;
- amaxoxo;
- izinyoka nezibankwa;
- inhlanzi;
- izinambuzane.
I-gongal igwinya inyamazane yonke, yenza okuhlukile kunenkalankala: inyoni ichoboza igobolondo layo ngemihlathi enamandla ukuze ithole uginindela olumnandi lapho. Cishe izinhlobo ezifanayo (zamanzi nezasemhlabeni) ezifanayo ziwela etafuleni le-stork yase-Afrika:
- ampullaria (iminenke emikhulu yamanzi angenasawoti);
- ama-gastropods;
- bivalve;
- izinkalankala nezinhlanzi;
- amaxoxo;
- izikelemu zasemanzini;
- izinambuzane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Unogolantethe wase-Afrika uvame ukuba abangane nezimvubu, ezenza kube lula ngaye ukuthola ukudla ngokuxegisa umhlabathi osogwini ngezidladla zawo ezisindayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Onogolantethe abadala abanazitha ezingokwemvelo, izinyoni okufanele zibonge ngazo uqhwaku lwazo oluqinile nokwakha okumangalisayo. Izinyoni ezidla inyama azizibeki engcupheni yokuhlasela onogolantethe abakhulu nabaqinile.
Okhokho bakaRazin batakulwa ezidlekeni zomhlabathi ngezidleke ezihlelwe eziqongweni zezihlahla, lapho kungena khona amakati amakhulu kuphela endle. Okungavikeleki kakhulu phambi kwazo akuzona onogolantethe abadala njengamachwane awo, nawo azingelwa ezinye izinhlobo ze-weasel.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Imidlalo yokukhwelana ngezimfezi zohlobo lwe-razin yagcina kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuDisemba, yafinyelela esicongweni ngenkathi yesimvula, ebonakala ngemvula eningi... Onogolantethe bavame ukuba bodwa futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi bakhe imindeni yesithembu. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, abesilisa bathola ubudlova obungenacharacteristic, bakhethe indawo ethile, bagade isidleke sabo futhi bathethise abancintisana nabo ngezikhathi ezithile. Isu elihlukile lisebenza kwabesifazane.
Ukuheha umakoti, umkhwenyana wenza njengomphathi wezakhiwo nomakhi - umbonisa izidleke ezihlonyisiwe kanye namajuggle obuciko ngezinto azisebenzisayo. Owinile ngunogolantethe, okhombise amakhono ezindlu anethezekile kakhulu nawokwakha ngobungcweti. Onogolantethe abaningana bavame ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, ebandakanyeke ngokulinganayo ekwakheni izidleke, ukuvikela imvuthu nokunakekela amachwane.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-polygyny ebonwa kogolantethe ihlose ukusinda kohlobo lonke futhi kukhombisile ukuthi iyasebenza ekuzaleni, ekondleni nasekuvikeleni amatshwele. Kuma-gongals, i-polyandry nayo iyatholakala, lapho owesilisa eba yilungu lesithathu lombhangqwana oyedwa noma ethatha indawo yowayengumlingani wakhe.
Ngokuhlanya kothando, onogolantethe bandiza ngababili (imvamisa enye yezinyoni indizela phezulu), bese behlala ndawonye egatsheni ukuze baphumule. Ngokuthanda, bangathukuthela ngokuzumayo bese beshaya umlingani wabo ngomlomo wabo. Izimbumba zivame ukuqala ukwakha isidleke (ngotshani, iziqu, amaqabunga kanye namagatsha) ngemuva kocansi oluphumelelayo, futhi ukuqoqa izinto zokwakha kuwela emahlombe kababa wakusasa.
Ngokwabiwa okunjalo kwemithwalo yemfanelo, abesifazane bonga amandla abo futhi balondoloze ukukhuluphala abakudingayo lapho bachamela inzalo. Ku-clutch, njengomthetho, kusuka emaqanda ama-2 kuye kwayi-6, afukanywa yibo bobabili abazali: insikazi - ebusuku, neduna - emini. Amachwane azalwa eyimpumputhe, kodwa ayabona emva kwamahora ambalwa. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe nge-down, ezithathelwa indawo kwesibili phansi ngemuva kwesonto.
Onogolantethe bazama ukusukuma ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa: balisebenzisa kahle leli khono izinsuku eziyishumi, ngemuva kwalokho babambelela ngokuzethemba emilenzeni yabo emide. Iminyaka eyishumi elandelayo iya kahle esitendeni esinomlenze owodwa. Bobabili abazali bondla amantshontsho avuthayo, bashintshane ngokundiza befuna ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi kababa ifaka phakathi ukwenza kabusha isidleke, esichithwa yizingane ezikhulayo. Izinsuku ezingama-70 ziyadlula kanti amaphuphu ashiya isidleke sakubo. Onogolantethe abancane bazoqala ukuzakhela ngababili babo ngaphambi nje kokuba babe neminyaka emibili ubudala, kepha kaningi eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
URazinya stork, njengesinye sezixhumanisi ezikumaxhaphozi okudla, ihlukaniswa njengengxenye ebalulekile yalezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, onogolantethe baseAsia Razini bakhiqiza indle enothe nge-phosphorus ne-nitrogen, esebenza njengomanyolo omuhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimila zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lukanogolantethe lusindisa isivuno selayisi ngokuqothula iminenke yasemanzini ekhubaza amasimu erayisi. Izimbumba ngokwazo zibhujiswa abazingeli abangekho emthethweni abakhipha amaqanda / inyama yabo bathengise lezi zibiliboco ngamanani amahle ezimakethe zendawo.
Okubalulekile! Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwehla inani labantu baseRazini stork abahlala eMadagascar (subspecies "A.l. madagascariensis"). Abenzi bobubi yizakhamizi ezilimaza amakoloni ezinyoni.
Unogolantethe wase-Afrika uhlonishwa (yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature) njengezinhlobo ezingakhathazwa kangako. Iningi lalezi zinyoni libulawa yimithi yokubulala izinambuzane engcolisa izindawo zendabuko zokwakha izidleke.... Izindlela zokonga onogolantethe bezinono zilula - kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka izinyoni ngezindawo ezilula zokwakha izidleke nezindawo ezibanzi zokudla (izimfunda / amachibi).
