Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, inyamazane yesika icishe yanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba. Wabulawa ngenxa yenyama ehlwabusayo, isikhumba sokuqala, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimpondo ezincane ze-velvety (izimpondo), lapho kwenziwa khona izidakamizwa eziyisimangaliso.
Incazelo yezinyamazane ze-Sika
I-Cervus nippon ingeyohlobo lwe-Deer True, eyilungu lomndeni wakwaCervidae (reindeer)... Inyamazane yeSika yakhiwe ngomusa, ilula futhi izacile. Ubuhle bayo bukhonjiswa ngokuphelele ngeminyaka engu-3, lapho abesilisa / abesifazane ekugcineni beba nobude nesisindo.
Ukubukeka
Ehlobo, abesilisa nabesifazane abahluke neze ngombala wejazi. Zombili zinemibala ethoni ebomvu ngokubomvu enamachashazi amhlophe, ngaphandle kokuthi abesifazane babukeka belula kancane. Ebusika, kulula kakhulu ukuwahlukanisa: uboya besilisa buba mnyama, bube nsundu bomnqumo, futhi lokho kwabesifazane - mpunga okhanyayo. Isilwane esikhulile sikhula ngobude size sifike ku-1.6-1.8 m ngobude sibunze u-0.95-1.12 m nobunzima obungu-75 kuya ku-130 kg. Abesifazane bahlala bancane kunabesilisa. Le nyamazane inentamo ende, ecishe ime mpo efakwe ikhanda eliphakeme nezindlebe ezilinganayo. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wesilisa ukhanya izimpondo ezinsundu ezicijile ezi-4, ubude bazo buhluka kusuka ku-65-79 cm ngobunzima obungu-0.8-1.3 kg.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izazi zezilwane zihlangane nezinyamazane zasendle ezinezimpondo ezingafinyelela ku-0.9-0.93 cm.Yake yabanjwa inyamazane endala enezimpondo ezisindayo - zazinamahlumela ayisithupha futhi zazelula cishe u-1.9 kg.
Isilwane ngasinye sikhombisa umbala owodwa kutoni yejazi nasekuhlelweni / kumbala wamabala. Isizinda esibomvu sihlala simnyama eqaqeni, kepha sikhanya emaceleni (ezansi) nasesiswini. Umbala obomvu wehlela ezingalweni, uthole i-pallor ebonakalayo lapha.
Umzimba unamachashazi endawo amhlophe: makhulu esiswini, futhi mancane ngemuva. Kwesinye isikhathi (imvamisa emaceleni) la mabala ayavaleka, aphenduke imivimbo emhlophe kuze kufike ku-10 cm ubude.Amamaki amhlophe awabonwa kuzo zonke izinyamazane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi (ngenxa yokugqoka koboya) ayanyamalala ngisho nakulabo ababukise ngabo ekwindla. Ubude obujwayelekile bezinwele emzimbeni ngu-5 kuye ku-7 cm.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinyamazane ze-sika (ekuthunjweni nasemvelweni) hhayi nje kuphela abashade abanezinyamazane ezibomvu, kodwa futhi zinikeza inzalo esebenzayo. Isiphambano sibonakala ngobukhulu bomzali obuphakathi, kepha ingaphandle libukeka njengempisi ye-sika.
Sika deer yokuphila
Izilwane zinamathela ezindaweni ezingazodwana. Ama-singles adla kuziza zamahektha ayi-100-200, owesilisa onabafazi besifazane abangama-4-5 (ngesikhathi se-rut) udinga amahektha angama-400, kanti umhlambi wamakhanda ayi-14-16 uhlanganisa indawo engafika kumahektha angama-900. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokukhwelana, amaduna amadala akha amaqembu amancane. Emihlambini yabesifazane, abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-2 baphila. Izinga lomhlambi liyanda ebusika, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokukhiqiza.
Ehlobo, inyamazane yesika ifuna ukudla ekuseni nantambama, ngezinsuku ezicacile zasebusika nazo ziyasebenza, kepha azishiyi imibhede yazo eqhweni, zicashe emakhoneni aminyene ehlathi. Zibonisa ukugijima ngesivinini eside ehlobo nasebusika ukungabikho kweqhwa, kweqa kalula phezu kwezithiyo eziphakeme (kufika ku-1.7 m). Isembozo seqhwa esiphakeme (esisuka ku-0.6 m nangaphezulu) siba yinhlekelele yenyamazane yangempela. Isilwane siwela ebunzimeni beqhwa futhi sikwazi ukuhamba kuphela ngokugxuma, okusheshisa phansi amandla aso. Ukugudluka kweqhwa kuphazamisa hhayi ukunyakaza kuphela, kepha nokufuna ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyamazane ziyinhlambi enhle, ehlanganisa u-10-12 km. Amanzi aba yinsindiso yomiyane nemikhaza, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuzala kwama-parasites, izilwane zifika ogwini, zime emanzini noma ezindaweni eziphephethwe kahle ngumoya.
I-Sika deer, ngokusho kokubona kwezazi zezilwane, kuyisici sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endle, izinyamazane aziphili ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-11-14, zibulawa izifo, izidalwa ezinkulu zehlathi, indlala, izingozi nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni... Emapulazini ama-antler nakuma-zoo, ubude besikhathi sokuphila sezinyamazana ze-sika bufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-18-21, kuthi abesifazane abadala (ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15) bazale namathole.
Indawo yokuhlala
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, inyamazane yeSika yayihlala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eNyakatho neVietnam, eJapane, eKorea naseTaiwan. E-China, lobu buhle babulawa cishe, kepha bahlala eMpumalanga Asia (kusukela esifundeni sase-Ussuri kuya eNyakatho yeVietnam naseziqhingini eziningana eziseduze). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwethulwa izinyamazane ze-sika eNew Zealand.
Ezweni lakithi, la ma-artiodactyls atholakala eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude: ububanzi budlulela ngaphesheya kweRussia bubheke ePeninsula yaseKorea nasentshonalanga neManchuria. Eminyakeni yama-40s yekhulu elidlule, izinyamazane zeSika zaxazululwa futhi zanikezwa ezindaweni ezigcinwa eSoviet eziningana:
- Ilmensky (eduze naseChelyabinsk);
- Khopersky (eduze naseBrisoglebsk);
- UMordovsky (engekude ne-Arzamas);
- IBuzuluk (eduze neBuzuluk);
- U-Oksky (empumalanga yeRyazan);
- I-Teberda (North Caucasus).
- I-Kuibyshevsky (Zhiguli).
Izilwane azizange zigxile kuphela endaweni yokugcina yokugcina, kepha zizinze kwezinye izindawo ezintsha, kufaka phakathi esifundeni saseMoscow, eduze neVilnius, Armenia ne-Azerbaijan.
Okubalulekile! In the Primorsky Territory, izinyamazane uthanda emahlathini oki-deciduous nge eziminyene undergrowth, kuyaqabukela uhlala emahlathini umsedari-deciduous (akukho ngaphezu kuka-0.5 km) futhi indiva the cedar-dark coniferous taiga.
Izinyamazane zakwaSika zihlala emithambekeni eseningizimu / mpumalanga yezindawo ezisogwini ezineqhwa elincane, lapho iqhwa lingahlali khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto, ngoba likhukhulwa yimvula. Indawo eyintandokazi inendawo emangelengele enemifudlana eminingi... Ubuningi bezilwane ezincane nezinsikazi, ngokungafani nabesilisa abadala, bahlala eduze nolwandle bese behla ngasemithambekeni.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane ze-Sika
Imenyu yalezi artiodactyls ifaka kuphela uhlaza - izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-130 eMpumalanga Ekude kanye nokuphindwe kathathu (390) eningizimu yeRussia, kanye nasengxenyeni yayo yaseYurophu. EPrimorye naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, izihlahla / izihlahlana zibala cishe i-70% yokudla. Lapha, okuphakelayo kwe-reindeer kubuswa yi:
- i-oki (ama-acorn, amaqabunga, amaqabunga, amahlumela namahlumela);
- i-linden neManchu aralia;
- Amagilebhisi e-Amur ne-Amur velvet;
- i-acanthopanax ne-lespedeza;
- umlotha namantongomane aseManchurian;
- maple, elm, sedge nesambulela.
Izilwane zidla amagxolo engxenyeni yesibili yobusika, lapho iqhwa eliningi liwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusetshenziswa amagatsha eminyezane, i-bird cherry, i-chozenia ne-alder.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinselo zezinyamazane zishiya nama-acorn ngaphansi kweqhwa (ngogqinsi lwesembozo esifinyelela ku-30-50 cm). Ebusika, i-zostera ne-kelp nazo ziyadliwa, ezisetshenziswa njengenhlaka kuphela ehlobo. Izinyamazane zivame ukwenqaba ubulembu bemithi.
Izinyamazane zakwaSika ziya ezikhothweni zikasawoti ezingezona ezikahle neziphethu zamaminerali (okufudumele), ukhotha ulwelwe, umlotha, amatshe amancane namakhukhamba asolwandle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi uphuza amanzi olwandle.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinyamazane zinezitha eziningi zemvelo, kodwa umnikelo omkhulu ekuqothulweni kwemfuyo wenziwa izimpisi ezimpunga. Ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye nazo kufanele zisolwe ngokufa kwenyamazane yabantu abadala:
- Impisi ebomvu;
- i-lynx;
- Ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude;
- Ingwe ye-Amur;
- izinja ezidukile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyamazane ezikhulayo zisongelwa ikati lehlathi laseMpumalanga Ekude, impungushe, ibhere neharza.
Ukuzala nenzalo
ELazovsky Nature Reserve (Primorye), umququ wezinyamazane ze-sika uqala ngoSepthemba / Okthoba futhi uphela ngomhla ka-5-8 Novemba... Ngonyaka othelayo wama-acorn, imidlalo yokukhwelwa (lapho abesilisa abafinyelele eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala bavunyelwe) ihlala isebenza kakhulu. Abesilisa abadala bayabhonga ekuseni nasebusuku, bathola ama-harem amancane (ama-3-4 "abafazi" ngamunye) futhi ngokusobala bancipha, bancipha kuze kube yikota yesisindo sabo. Ukulwa phakathi kwama-grooms, ngokungafani nezinyamazane ezibomvu, akuvamile neze.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7.5, futhi ukukhululeka emthwalweni kuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi noMeyi (akuvamile kangako ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ngoJuni). Amawele ayivelakancane enyameni yesika: iningi lenyamazane lizala ithole elilodwa.
Okubalulekile! Emapulazini antler, rutting / calving kwenzeka kamuva kunezinyamazane zasendle ePrimorye. Ekuthunjweni, umfuyi oqinile uhlanganisa okungenani amahlanu, futhi kaningi abesifazane abayi-10-20.
Abesilisa abasanda kuzalwa banesisindo esingu-4.7-7.3 kg, abesifazane - kusuka ku-4.2 kuye ku-6.2 kg. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, babuthakathaka futhi baqamba amanga cishe sonke isikhathi ngenkathi omama babo bedla eduze. Amantshontsho angazondla ngokwawo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-20, kepha amunca ubisi lukanina isikhathi eside, aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-4-5. Abashiyi umama wabo kuze kufike intwasahlobo elandelayo, futhi kaningi isikhathi eside. Ngenkathi yokuqala yasekwindla, amathole alahlekelwa yizingubo zawo zobusha.
Ngenyanga ye-10 emakhanda ezinsizwa ezisencane (3.5 cm) "amapayipi" enza indlela yawo, futhi vele ngo-Ephreli izimpondo zokuqala ziyavela, zingakafakwa amagatsha. Izinsizwa ezisencane ziyazigqoka isikhathi esingangonyaka, zichithwa ngoMeyi / Juni ngonyaka olandelayo ukuthola izimpondo ezinezintambo (izimpondo).
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isibalo sezinyamazana ze-sika zasendle sehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu sithathwa njengokuzingela ukuqothula okwamenyezelwa kulaba abangasetshenziswanga ngenxa yezikhumba zabo ezinhle nezimpondo. Ezinye izinto ezimbi nazo zaqanjwa:
- ukuthuthukiswa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ahlabayo;
- ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezintsha ezindaweni zokuhlala izinyamazane;
- ukuvela kwezimpisi nezinja eziningi;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo nendlala.
Ukwehla kwesibalo semfuyo kuphinde kuhambisane nokuvela kwamapulazi okhiqiza ama-antler, abasebenzi bawo ababengazi ukuthi bangazibamba kanjani izilwane ekuqaleni, ngenxa yalokho inyamazane yafa ngobuningi.... Kulezi zinsuku, ukuzingela izinyamazane zasendle kwenqatshelwe cishe yonke indawo ezingeni lomthetho. Izilwane (ezisesimweni sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa) zifakwe emakhasini eRed Book yaseRussian Federation nase-International Red Book.
ERussia, bacabanga ngokukhipha inyamazane eziqhingini eziseduze naseVladivostok. Lesi kuzoba yisinyathelo sokuqala ekuvuseleleni kabusha abantu abangasetshenziswanga kulezo zifunda zasePrimorye lapho babetholakala khona phambilini, kepha baphinde banyamalala.
