I-amateur, izwa inkulumo ethi "prairie dogs", izocabanga ukuthi sikhuluma ngohlobo lwezinja olungajwayelekile. Eqinisweni, lawa ngamagundane, ahlobene nezinja ngomsindo ozwakala njengokukhonkotha lapho usengozini.
Incazelo yezinja zasemaphandleni
Inja-yegundane - into efana nale (kucatshangelwa izimpande zasendulo zamaGrikhi) ihumusha igama lesayensi lohlobo lweCynomys... Izinduku zisemndenini wezingwejeje, kepha zibukeka njengezimbila, zombili ngaphandle nangomkhuba wokuqandisa kukholamu emilenzeni yazo yangemuva.
Ukubukeka
Inja yasesigodini esikhulile ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-30-38 futhi inesisindo esingu-1-1.5 kg (kwesinye isikhathi ingaphezulu kancane), kanti abesilisa bahlala bakhulu futhi besinda ukwedlula abesifazane. Isilwane, impela, sifana kakhulu nembila ezinsikeni zomzimba ominyene nokuzifihla (ukufanisa umbala wendawo) umbala: emuva kuvame ukungcola okunombala ophuzi noma ompunga ophuzi nomthunzi okhanyayo wesisu. Uboya obusekhanda eliyindilinga bumnyama kancane kunengemuva lomzimba jikelele, futhi amabala amhlophe ayabonakala kumlomo, ikakhulukazi okhanyayo esilevini nasekhaleni.
Igundane linamazinyo amakhulu esihlathi kanye nezinsimbi ezingenhla ezincane kakhulu: uma kunesidingo, ukudla kufakwa emasakeni amancane esihlathi. Izindlebe zezinja zasemaphandleni zihlangene kangangokuthi cishe azihlukaniseki ngaphansi kwejazi. Amehlo makhulu impela, amnyama futhi asethwe ngokubanzi, avumela ukubonwa okugcwele kwendawo ezungezile. Izitho ziphela ekubambeni iminwe ngezinzipho ezinde, ezibukhali futhi ezilukhuni. Ezidladleni zangaphambili, uzwane lwesithathu luphuma phambili. Uboya bukhula ematheni wezidladla. Umsila ushicilele kahle, kepha awude (cishe u-4-11 cm), ngombala usondele kumbala womzimba wonke.
Indlela Yokuphila
Izinja zasePrairie zisebenza ngokukhethekile emini - emini zithola ukudla, zibandakanyeka ekuthuthukiseni ikhaya, futhi ziyaxhumana nezihlobo. Njengezimbila nezingwejezi ezisemhlabathini, zithanda ukusukuma ngemilenze yazo yangemuva ukuze zihlole indawo ezungezile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo
Amakholoni ala magundane anenhloko yamakhanda ayizinkulungwane eziningana ngobukhulu obumaphakathi babantu abangaphezu kwabathathu ngehektare ngalinye, nobukhulu obukhulu obungaphezu kwabayisishiyagalombili. Leli koloni lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu emindeni afaka phakathi abesilisa ababili, abesifazane abathathu kuya kwabahlanu, kanye namazinyane abo (6 kuye ku-30). Ukuthula nokuzwana kubusa ngaphakathi emndenini - lapho zihlangana, izilwane ziyahogelana, futhi lapho zithola, zivame ukuthatha ukuhlanzwa bobabili koboya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umndeni ngamunye womndeni uyakuhlonipha ukungaphuli impahla yabo futhi, lapho kuvela umuntu ongamazi, uhlela ukungqubuzana kwemingcele. Ophumelele embangweni we-internecine uthola ithuba lokukhulisa isiza sakhe (esingengaphezu kwemitha).
Kuhlala kunonogada eduze komgodi, ophoqelekile ukwazisa izihlobo ngengozi ngesikhathi. Lokhu kungaba yimpempe noma umsindo ofana nokukhonkotha. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesiginali yomsindo, izinja zasemathafeni zilungiselela ukuxosha ukuhlasela kwesitha, noma zibalekele ngamakhanda emigodini yazo. Amagundane amaningi alala ubusuku bonke ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, evuka ngoFebhuwari-Mashi kuphela.
Ukuxhumana komhlaba
Imigodi yezinja zasemathafeni ihlelwe kahle futhi ijule ngokwedlulele - imvamisa yehlela ku-3-5 m... Umsele ngamunye (ongaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ububanzi) ungene ohlelweni lwemigudu eyinqaba enokuthambekela okukhulu nokuqondanisa kancane kancane. Ukuxhumana okungamazenga okukhohlisayo kunokwethenjelwa kangangokuba kuvikeleke ngokuphelele ekukhukhulekeni okungazelelwe ngesikhathi semvula nasekuweni.
Esizeni esingu-1 hectare, kunezimbobo ezifika kuma-54 zemigodi eholela ezinjeni zasemaphandleni. Ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, ubude bomgodi owodwa nayo yonke imihubhe yawo ungaphezu kwamamitha angama-300, yize indawo yesabelo somndeni, njengomthetho, ingeqi kumamitha-skwele ambalwa.
Okubalulekile! Amakamelo angaphansi komhlaba anezinhloso ezihlukile - amanye aguqulelwa amakamelo okugcina, amanye asebenza njengamakamelo okuzalwa, kanti amanye asebenza njengezindlu zombuso lapho ehlenga ezikhukhuleni noma ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Umgodi ohlukile umbiwe kude nendawo yokuhlala enkulu ekusukeni kwezidingo zemvelo: usetshenziswa uze ugcwale indle. Uma indlu yangasese ingenakuhlanzwa, bayayingcwaba bese beyitholela indawo entsha.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Izinja zasePrairie kukholakala ukuthi zihlala ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside ngokwedlulele - okungenani iminyaka eyi-11 ngokunakekelwa kahle. Ngokwemvelo, impilo yesilwane imfishane kakhulu: owesifazane uphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-8, owesilisa kuze kube mihlanu kuphela.
Izinhlobo zezinja zePrairie
Ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlobonhlobo kunzima ukuhlukanisa, kuyisiko ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezinja zasemaphandleni:
- ICynomys gunnisoni - Inja yasemaphandleni kaGunnison
- I-Cynomys ludovicianus - inja yasemaphandleni omsila omnyama
- I-Cynomys leucurus - Inja yensimu emhlophe
- Ama-Cynomys parvidens - Inja yensimu yaseYuta;
- I-Cynomys mexicanus yinja yasendle yaseMexico.
Izinhlobo ze-Rodent ziyehluka ngendlela izexwayiso zemisindo ezinikezwa ngayo nakwezinye izici ze-morphological, ngokwesibonelo, usayizi nokuma kwama-molars. Iphuzu lomsila wezinja zaseMexico nezomsila omnyama limnyama, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo limhlophe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akuwona wonke amagundane alala ebusika: inja yasemaphandleni enomsila omnyama, ehamba ngomoya ophansi esembozweni seqhwa, ikhombisa ubungqabavu unyaka wonke. Kepha le nja enomsila omhlophe iya ezingalweni zikaMorpheus cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinja zasePrairie zingabamele bomdabu bezilwane zaseNyakatho Melika, ngokunembile, izinkangala zayo ezingapheli... Ububanzi begundane buqala ezifundeni eziseningizimu zesifundazwe saseCanada saseSaskatchewan futhi buhlanganisa izifundazwe eziningana zase-US - iNyakatho neNingizimu Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Wyoming, Utah, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Montana, New Mexico, Colorado nase-Arizona.
Izinja zasePrairie zitholakala nasezindaweni eziningana ezisenyakatho / maphakathi neMexico. Izinduku zenza amakhaya azo emathafeni nasezindaweni ezingamahlane, lapho kunezimila ezincane kakhulu. Azizesabi izindawo eziphakeme - izilwane zabonwa ezindaweni ezinezintaba (ngenhla kwamakhilomitha amathathu ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle).
Ukudla kwezinja zasePrairie
Ukudla kwamagundane ikakhulu kuyimifino, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bazitika ngamaphrotheni ezilwane, bedla izinambuzane ze-steppe. Zifuna ukudla, zihlala eduze kwemigodi. Umhlabathi onempandla uzokutshela ukuthi izinja zasemathafeni sezizinze enkangala: amagundane anciphisa ngokuphelele utshani obukhula kuwo ukuze ungavimbi umbono.
Izitha zemvelo
Izinja zasePrairie zizingelwa izidlo eziningi ezidla inyama, njenge:
- unyawo olumnyama;
- imbila;
- ukhwekhwe;
- uklebe;
- Ukhozi lwaseMexico;
- umgede owl.
Futhi, amagundane ama-gape ngokuvamile agcina esiswini sezinyoka.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kunemininingwane emincane ngezinja zezinkomo zokukhwelana. Ngakho-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi inkathi yokukhwelana iqala kanye ngonyaka futhi iphela (ngokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo) ngodoti owodwa. Owesifazane uzala izingane isikhathi esingangenyanga (kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuye kwezingama-32), ezala entwasahlobo (ngoMashi, Ephreli noma ngoMeyi) izingane eziyimpumputhe ezi-2-10. Baqala ukubona kahle cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-33-37, kuthi lapho befika eminyakeni yobudala engama-7 bavele bazimele baqale ukukhasa baphume emgodini.
Okubalulekile! Amajita afinyelela ekuzaleni sekwephuze kakhulu, imvamisa hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Izazi zemvelo zikuqaphelile ukuthi imvamisa isizukulwane esidala samagundane eshiya imingxunya yabo yokuhlala, beshiya "intsha" lapho.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abakhulile bazama ukwandisa indawo yokuhlala ngokulimaza omakhelwane, ukungena emingceleni yabo, noma ukufuna izabelo zamahhala. Lapha bahlala phansi, bazimbele izimbobo zabo futhi babambisane emndenini wabo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokweminye imibiko, kudala kwakukhona izinja eziningi zasemaphandleni kunabantu, kepha lezi zamuva ziphumelele kakhulu ekwehliseni inani lamagundane. Baqothulwa ngonya ngabalimi baseNyakatho Melika, ababekholelwa ukuthi amagundane adla uhlaza olwenzelwe imfuyo. Sekukhishwe izinombolo ezishaqisayo ezilandelayo: ngo-1905, inani lezinja zasemathafeni eTexas lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-800 zezilwane, kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, inani lazo lase lehlele ezigidini ezingu-2,2.
Isizathu sokwehla ukukhula okunamandla kwamathafa, futhi ikakhulukazi ukulima kwabo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwezinja zasemaphandleni bekungeke kuthinte inani lezinye izilwane ezihlala ezigodini. Izilwane ezidla inyama zalahlekelwa yindawo yazo yokudla ejwayelekile (amagundane amaningi), kanye nezidliwayo ezidla imfuyo - izindawo zokukhosela ezihlakaniphile ezazizinikezwa yizinja zasemaphandleni mahhala.
Ukugcinwa kwenja ye-Prairie
Izinduku zisebenza kahle ekuthunjweni futhi zijwayele abantu. Inja yasemaphandleni efuywayo ayifuni ukubaleka ekuthunjweni futhi iyayithanda indlu yayo yokufakelwa.
Indawo yokuhlala
Isitsha okuzohlala kuso isilwane kufanele sibe banzi ukuze sikwazi ukumba umgodi onethezekile lapho... Ngalezi zinhloso, ungaguqula i-aquarium enkulu noma ikheji eligcwele inhlabathi noma isihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzodinga izinto zokuhlobisa, amagatsha namathoyizi isilwane sakho esizozama ukunambitha nakanjani. Thenga izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni uma ungafuni ukuthi igundane lifakwe ubuthi ngepulasitiki.
Vele, indishi yokuphuza enamanzi amasha kanye ne-feeder esindayo ye-ceramic kufanele ibekwe ehokweni ukuze ihlale izinzile. Kepha nezimo zokuphila ezifanelekile aziqinisekisi ngaso sonke isikhathi impilo ende yomngani wakho omusha.
Okubalulekile! Zonke izinja zasemaphandleni zine-thermophilic eyedlulele, futhi, noma ngaphandle kokulala ubusika (njengenja enomsila omnyama), ziyakwazi ukuqaqamba noma ukozela isikhathi eside uma izinga lokushisa lomoya e-aquarium lehla laya ku- +12 degrees Celsius.
Ekushiseni okuphansi, umzimba wegundane uhlangabezana ne-hypothermia, okuhlala kuholela emakhazeni. Uma uthola ukuthi isilwane asifudumali ngokwanele, sebenzisa iphedi yokufudumeza, ubeke isilwane esibandayo kuso.
Ukondla izingane
Abathengisi abangathembekile bavame ukunikeza izingane ezingafundile ukuzondla. Izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukuba noqweqwe oluncane kakhulu lwama "baby fat": azinaso nje isikhathi sokuzuza, ngoba zisuswe ebeleni kusukela ebeleni likanina. Laba bantu abampofu bazodinga nephedi yokufudumeza, kuphela udinga ukuyibeka emkhakheni owodwa we-aquarium (uyibeke ngaphansi kwangaphansi) ukuze ikhulu elifudunyeziwe likwazi ukuya kwelinye ikhoneni elipholile.
Ukondla izingane zakho, udinga isipetu kanye nePedialyte (isisombululo se-electrolyte sezingane ezinesifo sohudo) esithengwe ekhemisi. Bese uqhubeka kanjena:
- Hlanganisa ubisi oluphelele olufudumele ne-pedialyte (ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo). Kungcono ukuthenga ubisi olukhethekile lwe-puppy.
- Yondla ingane yakho, enesisindo esingu-150-200 g, kancane kancane wethula ifomula emlonyeni wakhe.
- Ukondla kwenziwa njalo emahoreni ama-2-4, kuqapha isimo sesilwane.
- Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba awulahlekelwa uketshezi.
Ungafudumeza nengane ngokushisa komzimba wakho, ngokwesibonelo, esifubeni, uyivumele ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthi iphefumule umoya ukuze igundane lingadinelwa.
Ukudla kwamagundane abantu abadala
Inja eyodwa yasemathafeni idla cishe u-1 kg wotshani ngesonto entwasahlobo / ehlobo... Utshani, njengohlobo lokudla okuhle kakhulu, kufanele buthathe okungenani u-3/4 wesabelo sansuku zonke. Futhi, imenyu yezinja zasemaphandleni kufanele ifake:
- utshani obusha;
- amantongomane;
- izithelo nemifino;
- ukolweni.
Ekwindla, ngokusweleka kotshani, amaqabunga awile azokwenza. Ebusika, ungashintshela kwimifino kanye nanoma yimiphi imifino eluhlaza.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela
Uma igundane likhululekile ukuhambahamba efulethini, libuyisele ekhejini / e-aquarium lapho uphuma endlini. Ethoyilethi, ibhokisi lodoti wekati elifakwe buqamama nendawo yokudlala futhi "igumbi lokudlela" lilungele impela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhula, amagundane ayancipha futhi angabi nolaka kakhulu.
Qiniseka ukuthi ufihla izintambo, uvale amasokhethi, ungashiyi umqhele wekhisimusi namakhemikhali asendlini atholakala mahhala... Musa ukuphonsa amasokisi nezinye izinto ezincane nxazonke - izinja zasemaphandleni ngokuqinisekile zizowacosha futhi zikufihle.
