Uma sikhuluma ngesifo esinjengesifo sikashukela enja, kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuxilongwa akusona isinqumo, kepha kubandakanya izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni yokuphila yesiguli esinomsila.
Incazelo yesifo
Kuyisifo se-metabolic lapho kukhuphuka amazinga eglucose / ushukela egazini (imvamisa abe sezingeni elibucayi) esikhundleni sokumunca, okunika umzimba amandla owadingayo. Indlala ye-carbohydrate iyaqala, imvamisa iholela ekukhathaleni okuphawulwe.
Isifo sikashukela sibonakala ngesimo esisodwa noma ezimbili:
- amanyikwe akhiqiza insulini enganele noma engenayo nhlobo;
- amaseli enqaba ukwamukela i-insulin, okwenza ukutholwa kwe-glucose kungenzeki.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zesifo sikashukela:
- I-insulin encike (uhlobo 1)... Kubangelwa ukungabi bikho okuphelele / okuyingxenye ye-insulin, eyeke ukwenziwa amanyikwe. Ngaphezu kwezinja ezingama-90% ezithintekile zinalolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela (esibangelwa izilonda ezizimele noma izakhi zofuzo ezimbi).
- I-insulin ezimele (izinhlobo ezimbili)... I-glucose esegazini nayo yeqisa ngenxa yokwenqaba komzimba ukubona i-insulin yayo (ejwayelekile noma encishisiwe). Isifo sikashukela esinjalo, uma siqalwa noma silashwa ngephutha, sisongela ukuthi sizophenduka isifo sohlobo lokuqala. Amaseli ayakhathala ukukhiqiza i-hormone engafunwanga, ayaguga ayeke ukusebenza.
- Okudlulayo (okwesibili). Kuyaziwa ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo esiyinhloko, isibonelo, i-pancreatitis (hhayi kuphela) noma ngemuva kokwelashwa isikhathi eside nge-glucocorticoids / progestogens. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela selulapheka ngokuphelele lapho isifo sokuqala sisuswa.
- Gestational (uhlobo 4). Kungenzeka kuphela kuma-bitches akhulelwe ku-diestrus (ngemuva kokuphela kwe-estrus) noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa sekwedlule isikhathi. Endabeni yesibili, ama-surges e-progesterone ne-hormone yokukhula athinta ukuzwela kwe-glucose ku-insulin. Lokhu kwephulwa kujwayelekile ngemuva kokubeletha kukodwa noma kulungiswa kalula ezingeni elijwayelekile.
Izimpawu zesifo sikashukela enjeni
Umnikazi wesilwane kufanele anake izimpawu ezi-4 eziyisisekelo zomtholampilo ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela:
- i-polydipsia (ukoma okungacimi) - inja cishe ayishiyi ophuzayo, futhi amathe anamathele futhi abukeka;
- i-polyphagia (isifiso sokudla ngokweqile, siphenduka isiminzi) - isilwane asigcwaliswanga ngengxenye ejwayelekile, simunca ngokushesha futhi sicele isithasiselo;
- i-polyuria (ukuchama okuningi nokuchama njalo) - inja ivame ukucela igceke, futhi nomthamo womchamo uyanda ngokuphawulekayo;
- ukwehla kwesisindo kuze kufike ekukhatheni okuphawuliwe - izimbambo zesilwane ziyavela futhi isisu siyawa.
Okubalulekile! Uma zonke lezi zimpawu zikhona, udinga ukuya emtholampilo, lapho ukungabaza kwakho kuzoqinisekiswa khona noma kuphikiswe ngokwenza ukuhlolwa komchamo / kwegazi. Okunye ukubonakaliswa okubuhlungu kungabalwa ngokulingana nesifo sikashukela nakwezinye izifo.
Noma kunjalo, izimpawu ezengeziwe zizoba:
- i-tachycardia (ngaphezu kwama-150 beats / min);
- ulwelwesi lwamafinyila olomile nephunga lezithelo ezibolile emlonyeni;
- kukhulisiwe (kuphuma ngaphansi kwezimbambo) isibindi;
- amanxeba angapholi kahle (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi);
- ijazi nesikhumba kuyoma, kuvela i-dermatitis ehlukahlukene;
- (kwesinye isikhathi) kuvela isifo se-cataract sikashukela;
- uhudo noma ukuhlanza (okungajwayelekile).
- ukukhathala okujwayelekile.
Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo kulula ukuziphuthelwa uma inja ihlala egcekeni, kwesinye isikhathi ingena emkhakheni wokubuka umnikazi wayo.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela, iqembu eliyingozi
Isifo sikashukela siye saba mncane eminyakeni yamuva, futhi lo mkhuba ubonakala kubantu nakuma-quadrupeed.... Uma phambilini lesi sifo sitholakale sisukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuye kwengu-14, manje izinja ezineminyaka engama-4 ubudala ziyangenwa yiso. Izilwane ezisencane nazo ziyagula, nezinsikazi kaningi kuneziduna.
Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zisengozini:
- ibhele;
- doberman;
- ILabrador Retriever;
- i-pug ne-poodle;
- pomeranian;
- idachshund;
- Inja e-Samoyed;
- iscotch terrier.
Kwezokwelapha zomhlaba wonke, akusekho ukubumbana mayelana nezimbangela zokuqala kwalesi sifo. Kuze kube manje, zimbalwa kuphela izici ezitholakele ezingadala isifo sikashukela:
- ukuthambekela kokuzalwa;
- ukwelashwa kwe-hormone yesikhathi eside / okungalungile;
- izifo ezizimele, lapho umsebenzi ophelele wamanyikwe ungenakwenzeka;
- i-pancreatitis (yemvelo ehlukahlukene);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo / zomzimba eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwamanyikwe;
- Ukudla okukhethwe ngokungafanele futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhuluphala;
- izici zokukhulelwa noma i-estrus.
Kuphawulwe futhi ukuthi ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela kwenzeka ikakhulu ekwindla.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Zombili izinhlobo ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela zithatha ifomu elingapheli, okuholela kudokotela kanye nomnikazi wezinja ezinyathelweni ezinjengalezi:
- ukuqedwa kwezimpawu ezinzima;
- ukuvimbela izinkinga;
- ukufezekisa ukuthethelelwa okude kakhulu;
- ukunciphisa umphumela wesifo emzimbeni wonkana.
Ukuxilongwa
Ayikho i-endocrinologist eyodwa ezokwenza ukuxilongwa kususelwe kuphela kwizimpawu zangaphandle, kepha nakanjani izonikeza isethi yezindlela zokuxilonga:
- ihlaziya (inwetshiwe) umchamo / igazi;
- ethungatha Dynamics amazinga glucose;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-hormonal;
- ukuhlaziywa kobukhona be-acetone;
- I-Ultrasound yamanyikwe kanye (uma kunesidingo) ezinye izitho;
- I-ECG ne-X-ray.
Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela ezinjeni kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokudlula zonke izivivinyo nokwenza uchungechunge lwezifundo.
Ukuphuza umbuso namavithamini
Udokotela uxoxa nabanikazi bezinja ukuthi bahlele kanjani imikhuba yokuphuza, okufanele inikeze isidingo somzimba samanzi ukuze kugweme ukuphelelwa amandla.
Okubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wamanzi esitsheni sokuphuza, ngoba inja eqale ukwelashwa nayo izophuza kakhulu futhi kaningi. Ukuze uqede ukoma okuthe xaxa, engeza amaconsi ama-2-3 wejusi kalamula emanzini.
Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, lapho ubuyisela ibhalansi yamanzi, udokotela uvame ukusikisela imithi:
- i-adiurecrine (i-powder / amafutha) - ijojowe emgodini wamakhala;
- pituitrin (imijovo) - isikimu kanye nomthamo kuncike esimweni sesilwane.
Kubalulekile futhi ukugcwalisa umzimba obuthakathaka ngezakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo, ezikhishwa ngobuningi ngohudo nokuhlanza. Izinsiza zikavithamini ziyasiza, kufaka phakathi iBeaphar, iHerz-Vital noma iBrewers. Ukulungisa imenyu yenja kuba yindlela yokwelashwa eyengeziwe.
Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin
Umnikazi wenja egulayo kufanele aqonde ukuthi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela 1 kanye no-2 alulapheki, futhi ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuklanyelwe ukulawula i-pathology, yona ngokwayo eningi. Umsebenzi wakho ukukwazi ukwehlisa amazinga e-glucose abe sesimweni esijwayelekile, ugcine lezi zinhlaka ezifanele impilo yakho yonke yesilwane.... Ushukela wehliswa ngokwethula i-insulin emzimbeni, okuthi (kuya ngobude bokuchayeka) ihlukaniswe yaba "mfushane", "yinde" futhi "iphakathi". Esokuqala sisetshenziselwa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ezimbili zokugcina ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umjovo we-insulin wenzelwe ukuletha izinga le-glucose lifike cishe ku-8-10 mmol / L, elingaphezulu kancane komkhawulo ongaphezulu womkhawulo ojwayelekile. Lokhu kuvimbela i-hypoglycemia ekuthuthukiseni lapho amazinga kashukela egazi ehla kakhulu, okuyingozi.
Amasirinji we-insulini kanye nezibaya ezikhethekile zokujova kuhloselwe ukuphathwa kwehomoni. Umthamo wesirinji uncike ekugxileni kwamayunithi: isibonelo, ukwakheka kwamayunithi ayi-100 / ml kujovwa ngesirinji ye-U100, kanye nama-40 / ml ngomjovo we-U40.
I-algorithm yokusebenza ne-insulin:
- Ngaphambi komjovo, bamba i-vial / ampoule ezintendeni ezifudumele ukufudumala ekushiseni komzimba.
- Maka indawo lapho uzofaka khona i-hormone ngomgogodla (imvamisa isifuba, ukubuna noma isisu).
- Ngeminwe emithathu, bamba isikhumba senja ukuze isibaya esinjengesiphiramidi sakheke.
- Faka inaliti esisekelweni sale phiramidi (imvamisa ngaphansi kwesithupha).
Kufanele uhlale ugcina umuthi wakho esitokweni uma kwenzeka wephuka noma uphelelwa yisikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi uvule i-ampoule, akuvunyelwe ukuyigcina isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 (noma ngabe yonke imibandela echazwe kusichasiselo ihlangatsheziwe).
Isikali
Umthamo omuhle ukhethwa kancane kancane, ulawula isimo sesilwane. Baqala ngobuncane - enjeni kungu-0.5 U / kg wesisindo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokunqunywa kokugcina komthamo wesilwane sakho.
Ngemuva kokuthi umuthi unikezwe okokuqala, umnikazi uphoqelekile ukwenza ukuqapha ukuze abone amandla ezinguquko kumazinga kashukela. Ngalokhu, izindlela ezintathu (ezingakhethwa) zenziwe:
- ukulandelela ushukela emchameni - izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku;
- emchameni nasegazini - kathathu ngosuku;
- egazini - njalo emahoreni amabili nambili.
Kukholakala ukuthi indlela yesithathu inika isithombe esinenhloso ethe xaxa.
Okubalulekile! Uma, ngemuva komjovo we-insulini, ukugxila kweglucose kudlula u-15 mmol / l, umthamo ukhuphuka ngo-20% ukusuka kowokuqala. Lapho izinga liguquguquka ebangeni le-10-15 mmol / l, umthamo ukhuphuka ngo-0.1 U / kg. Uma umthamo ukhethwe kahle, izinga likashukela ngeke leqe ku-8-10 mmol / l.
Umthamo oqondile uthatha ukuthi ngemuva komjovo we-insulin, ushukela emchameni wenja awutholakali ngokomthetho. Iqiniso lokuthi umthamo usethwe ngendlela efanele ngeke libikwe kuphela ngemingcele ejwayelekile yamakhemikhali egazi / umchamo wenja, kepha futhi nangokuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwesilwane. Kufanele ubone ukunyamalala kwezimpawu ezethusayo: inja iqala ukukhuluphala, iphuze ngokwejwayelekile, idle futhi iqede izidingo zemvelo.
Isifo seSomoji
Ukulawula i-insulin kudinga ukugcina isikhathi nobuqili: imijovo inikezwa ngasikhathi sinye, kulandela uhlelo olubhalwe ngudokotela. Khumbula ukuthi i-hormone eyeqile iyingozi kakhulu kunokungabi nayo. Uma ukhohliwe ukuthi ngabe ubufaka omunye umthamo noma cha, ungethuki. Umjovo owodwa ophuthelwe ngeke uholele enhlekeleleni, kepha umthamo ophindwe kabili uzokwenza. Umthamo we-stroke we-hormone, isilinganiso esikhethwe ngokungafanele noma uhlelo olungalungile lokuphathwa kwe-insulin lusongela ngeSomoji syndrome.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umjovo wesibili nawo uyakhanselwa uma inja iqhaqhazela futhi ungakwazi ukujova ngokugcwele okuqukethwe isirinji, ngoba izinga lenyuka le-glucose yegazi liphephe kakhulu kunaleli eliphansi (ngaphansi kokujwayelekile).
Umuntu angabhekana nesenzeko seSomoji lapho esebenzisa imithamo ephezulu engenasizathu yomuthi, okuholela esigabeni sokuqala ekwehleni okubukhali kokuhlushwa kwe-glucose, kuthi okwesibili - kukhishwe okungalawulwa kwamahomoni e-diabetogenic (i-glucagon, i-cortisol ne-epinephrine).
Ngenxa yalokho, inja iya kwi-hypoglycemia, kepha umnikazi (unesiqiniseko sokuthi ushukela uyakhuphuka) wandisa umthamo we-insulin futhi wenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. ISomoji Syndrome yenzeka kakhulu kulezo zinja umchamo / igazi lazo elihlolelwa amazinga kashukela kanye ngosuku. Udokotela kuphela ozosiza ukubhekana nemiphumela yesifo esingalapheki se-insulin.
Ukudla isikhathi sokwelashwa
Omunye umbuzo oyinhloko ukuthi ungayondla kanjani inja yesifo sikashukela? Uma lesi sifo sihambisana nesisindo esiningi, isilwane sizodinga ukudla okuqinile (kwesisindo), futhi kamuva - itafula elikhethekile likashukela. Ngemuva kokuphothula ukudla, isisindo sesilwane kuzodingeka sibhekwe nsuku zonke ukugwema ukubuyela emuva.
Okubalulekile! Umnikazi uzodinga ukugcina indlela yenja yokudla, kucatshangelwa izikhathi zemijovo ye-insulin. Okokuqala, inja inikezwa umjovo, bese iyaphakelwa (ikakhulukazi kufika izikhathi ezi-5 ngosuku, ezingxenyeni ezincane).
Isidingo esiyinhloko semenyu yemvelo: ubuncane bokudla kwe-carbohydrate, kepha ubukhulu be-fiber namaprotheni. Imikhiqizo yenyama nenhlanzi kufanele ibe okungenani ama-60% wevolumu yansuku zonke yokuphakelayo. Inja inikezwa:
- inyama yenkomo entsha, inyama yengulube engenamafutha nezinkukhu;
- offal (ikakhulukazi i-tripe);
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezingenamafutha;
- i-cottage shizi enamafutha aphansi;
- amasobho angenathosi (imifino) namakhambi;
- amaqanda.
Faka isinamoni (kabili ngosuku) kanye nethisipuni lembewu ye-fenugreek (ekuseni) ekudleni, kanye nezithasiselo zamavithamini ezinja ezinesifo sikashukela. Iziphuzo zingalungiswa kancane ngokuxuba isoda encane yokubhaka emanzini (cishe ingxenye yesithathu yethisipuni ngengilazi ngayinye ngaphandle kokuphezulu).
Imikhiqizo enqatshelwe:
- ufulawa (ukolweni kanye nommbila);
- izimpahla ezibhakiwe kanye nama-confectionery;
- ukudla okusemathinini namakhukhamba;
- amathambo nenyama enamafutha;
- irayisi elimhlophe nama-oats agobekile;
- ugalikhi no-anyanisi;
- imikhiqizo enoswidi wokufakelwa.
Kulula kulabo bantu abagcina izinja zabo ekudleni kwezimboni... Cishe bonke abakhiqizi abafakazelwe bakhiqiza imigqa yokuphakelwa okwenziwe ngemithi okubhekiswe ezigabeni zeminyaka ehlukene nezifo. Le yimikhiqizo ephelele ne-super-premium, equkethe inani eliphakeme lamaprotheni kanye nama-carbohydrate ambalwa (angadluli ku-4%).
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Njengoba kungakacaci ngokuphelele ukuthi yini ebangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwamanyikwe, okuholela esikhathini esizayo kusifo sikashukela, indlela yokuphila enempilo kufanele ibhekwe njengenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela.
Indlela yokuphila enempilo yenja ayihlukile kakhulu kweyomuntu - iqukethe inqubo eqinisekisiwe yansuku zonke, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukuhamba emoyeni ovulekile, ukudla okunengqondo, ukuqina kanye nokungabikho kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Kepha noma ngabe kugcinwa le mithetho, akunakwenzeka ukushiya ngaphandle lesi sifo, esivame ukuzuzwa njengefa. Uma isilwane sigula, isifo sikashukela asinakunakwa: uma i-pathology ikhula isikhathi eside, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngezinhlobo ezithuthukile zesifo, imizimba ye-ketone iyanqwabelana egazini. I-Ketoacidosis ibambezela ukwelashwa kwe-insulin, okuqala kuphela ngemuva kokukhishwa kwemizimba ye-ketone (ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nomphumela).
Ukuxilongwa, okungalethwanga ngesikhathi, kusongela inja:
- inkalakatha yokulahleka kombono okulandelayo;
- ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo / izinso;
- isibindi esinamafutha (kuvame ukuba yi-cirrhosis);
- ukungabi namandla komzimba;
- ukukhathala ngokweqile;
- umphumela obulalayo.
Umnikazi olandela iseluleko se-endocrinologist (obhekele uhlelo lokulungiswa kwe-insulin kanye nemenyu esondelene yesifo sikashukela) uzoqinisekisa impilo ende nenelisayo ngenja yakhe.
