I-guillemot e-thick-billed, noma i-guillemot enezinhlamvu ezimfushane, iyinhlobo yezinyoni zasolwandle ezivela emndenini wama-guillemot, ingeka-oda we-Charadriiformes.
Incazelo ye-guillemot ekhokhisiwe
Ukubukeka
Abantu abadala bangafika ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo: 39-43 cm ubude, 65-70 cm ngamaphiko. Isisindo senyoni esikhulile sisuka kumagremu angama-750 kuye kwangama-1550... Umzimba we-guillemot enamafu aminyene yi-fusiform. Iphiko lincane, lifushane futhi likhombe, umsila uyindilinga.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umlomo unomnyama, uvulekile, mkhulu, ukhombe futhi ugobile kancane ekugcineni. Amehlo amnyama. Izinyawo ezinezicubu ezine-webbed, ezimnyama ngomthunzi wezinzipho eziphuzi, ezimnyama.
Akukho mehluko ngombala phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ehlobo, ingaphezulu lekhanda limnyama, izinhlangothi zekhanda, intamo nomphimbo zikhanya kancane, zinomthunzi onsundu. Ngezansi kumhlophe. Ebusika, isilevu nezihlathi ziba mhlophe. Esifubeni, iphethini emhlophe ye-wedge ingena engxenyeni emnyama; ku-guillemot enezinhlawulo ezincane, lolu shintsho lunokujikeleza. Ku-mandible kukhona indawo empunga (umugqa). Kukhona umugqa omhlophe ezimpikweni, obonakala ephikweni, kunoma yiluphi uhlobo oluyilo (olusongwe noma oluvuliwe).
Ama-guillemots, akhokhisiwe amancane futhi akhokhisiwe, afana ngokufana. Ziyahluka ngosayizi nobukhulu bomlomo, ubukhona bomucu wokukhanya ku-guillemot ekhokhiswe okufishane etholakala phakathi kwamakhala nasekhoneni lomlomo, intamo emfushane, umbala wezimpaphe omnyama ngaphezulu komzimba nokungabikho kokumakwa okumpunga (imicu emnyama) ezinhlangothini zayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-guillemot anezinhlamvu ezijiyile avame ukuba makhulu kakhulu kunama-guillemot akhokhiswe kancane, futhi ama-guillemot aqinile awunayo i-morph "ekhanyisiwe". Ngaphandle kokufana okusobala okuphawuleka, lezi zinhlobo azizalanisi, zihlala zikhetha ukumela uhlobo lwazo.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
Lapho indiza, lolu hlobo lwe-guillemot lucindezela ikhanda lalo eduze komzimba, ngakho-ke, ludala umbono wenyoni enkulu. Ukundiza, kulula kakhulu ukuthi basuse amatshe aphakeme ukuze bathole isivinini esidingekayo, bese behamba, bavame ukushaya amaphiko abo, ngoba kunzima kubo ukusuka endaweni eyisicaba (umhlaba noma amanzi) ngenxa yesakhiwo somzimba namaphiko amancane. Lapho indiza, ngenxa yomsila omncane, iyazilawula izinyawo zayo, ukuzigcina zisabalele. Ama-Guillemots akwazi ukubhukuda futhi acwile kangcono.
Ngenxa yemilenze ebekwe kude emuva emhlabathini, kunzima ukunyakaza, umzimba ugcinwe ume mpo. Ama-Guillemots yizinyoni ezikhetha indlela yokuphila yamakholoni. Iningi labo alibesabi abantu. Ngesikhathi sokungazaleli nasemanzini bayathula. Ekoloni bahlala bememeza, ngosuku lwe-polar bangasebenza ubusuku nemini. Benza imisindo efana ne- "ar-ra", "ar-rr" nokunye okunjalo. Grumpy: abesilisa ngenxa yokulwa kwabesifazane, abesifazane - bodwa phakathi kwabo lapho belwela izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuchanyuselwa.
Sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokufaka izidleke abasichitha onqenqemeni lweqhwa nasemanzini, baya emhlabathini ukuze bakhe izidleke. Zakha emakoloni anabantu abaningi ogwini lolwandle olunamadwala. Ama-guillemot, ama-auk nama-kittiwakes akhokhiswa kancane, angaba omakhelwane babo “emakethe yezinyoni”.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila se-guillemot cishe siyiminyaka engama-30. Kepha kunemininingwane yabantu abaneminyaka engama-43 ososayensi ababathola.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
I-guillemot ekhokhiswa okufishane - ohlala ezifundeni ze-arctic... Indawo yokwakha isidleke ichitha emadwaleni asogwini olusezindaweni eziphakeme naseziqhingini zasePacific, e-Arctic nase-Atlantic. Ekwindla ifudukela onqenqemeni lweqhwa eliqinile ebusika. Lapho ubusika buba bukhulu kakhulu, eningizimu ekude i-guillemot ichitha izindawo zayo zobusika, kuze kufike ezindizeni ezingena ezweni. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nasebusika, imihlambi emincane yama-guillemot ingatholakala ikhukhuleka emanzini avulekile olwandle nolwandle olusenyakatho.
Ukudla i-guillemot enamanani amakhulu
Ehlobo, ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-guillemot izinhlanzi ezincane, ebusika - izinhlanzi nezinambuzane zasolwandle. AmaCrustaceans kanye nama-gill amabili nawo angaba isisulu sawo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Idla ukudla emanzini, idilika ngemuva kwayo futhi ibhukuda lapho ngaphansi kwamanzi, isebenzisa amaphiko ayo kahle, nasemhlabeni, nokuyinto engajwayelekile.
Abazali abakhathalelayo bondla amatshwele, kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-2-3 zokuphila kwabo, ngezinhlanzi ezincane, futhi, kaningi, ama-crustaceans, futhi ukuya ezindaweni zobusika, bema ukondla usuku ngaphambi kokushiya indawo yokwakha izidleke, ngaleyo ndlela kuvuse ukwehla kwayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-guillemot e-thick-billed iya endaweni yokwakha izidleke ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, ifinyelela eminyakeni emibili ubudala, ihlala isendaweni efanayo kukho konke ukuphila kwayo. Lolu hlobo luhlalisa amakoloni ezinyoni emaweni asogwini, ama-protrusions awo asebenza njengesidleke. Njengalokhu, akasisihlinzisi isidleke; ufukamela iqanda elilodwa limile njengepheya khona endaweni enamadwala.
Lesi sakhiwo sisiza ukugcina iqanda lingawi ukusuka ekuphakameni: lenza amaphuzu wokuxhumana angeziwe phakathi kweqanda nedwala, futhi esimweni sokutshekisa, livame ukwenza isiyingi esincane esizungeze ukuphela okubukhali, libuyele endaweni yalo. Umbala weqanda - omhlophe, ompunga, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okotshani, okugxilwe ngaphakathi - leli phethini lihlukile, livumela abazali ukuthi bahlukanise iqanda labo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imibhangqwana ihlangana yodwa impilo yayo yonke, ifukamela futhi yondle inzalo ngokulandelana kwayo, inikezane isikhathi sokuphumula nokondla.
Lapho ifukamela, le nyoni ifaka izidladla zayo ngaphansi kweqanda bese ilala phezulu... Uma iqanda lilahlekile, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka elinye iqanda, futhi uma lifa, lingabekela nelesithathu. Isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-35.
Ukuxhumana ngezwi nabazali sekuvele kunqubo yokuchofoza, okungahlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezine: kukholelwa ukuthi yile ndlela imininingwane eshintshaniswa ngayo - inkukhu ithola idatha ngezwe elingaphandle eliyidingayo ukuze ithuthuke, izwi lenzalo likhuthaza abazali ukuthi balitholele ukudla futhi ukunakekelwa.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, iphuphu linengubo ejiyile emfishane eminyene, enombala onsundu ngombala ekhanda nasemhlane nasemhlophe ngaphansi; ikhula ngokushesha, ishintshe ibe uphaphe. Lapho esenezinyanga eziyi-1-1.5, usekulungele ukuya ezindaweni zobusika, eqa phansi lapho azalelwa khona, ezisiza ngokundiza ngamaphiko akhe. Lokhu kwenzeka kusihlwa nasebusuku ukuze kuncishiswe ukufa kubadli bezilwane, futhi ubuningi bale nqubo bunomthelela kulokhu.
Ngonyawo, iphuphu lifika emanzini futhi, ngosizo lwezwi lakhe, lithola abazali balo, eliya nabo endaweni yobusika.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibuhlungu sezindawo zokuhlala zama-guillemot amakhulu, cishe ayinazo izitha zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama nokuma kwamatshe lapho izidleke zawo zakhiwe khona nezimbotshana ezincane kakhulu afukamela kuzo amachwane kuvimbela ukutholakala kwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukufa kwale nyoni emanzini kuvame ukubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu: iwela emanetheni abekwa ngabadobi.
Lapho iqhwa lase-Arctic lihamba, i-guillemot ingabanjwa, ibhajwe izingcezu zeqhwa ezisondela emgodini omncane, ezingakwazi ukusuka. Emvelweni wemvelo, amaqanda ikakhulukazi ayafa, ikakhulukazi asanda kuzalwa, futhi imvamisa kungenxa yokugcwala kwabantu ezindlini zezinyoni eziminyene kanye nokulwa kwabantu abadala lapho belwela izindawo.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-gulls kwesinye isikhathi zingonakalisa indawo yokwakha izidleke ebangeni elikude nomfula ovamile. Impungushe yase-Arctic, igwababa, isikhova esineqhwa singadla amaphuphu awele e-eaves. Abantu abadala kwesinye isikhathi bangaba yisisulu se-gyrfalcon.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani lezinhlobo zezilwane okwamanje alikho esimweni esibucayi futhi libala izigidi zabantu, ngokuba ngomunye wabamele izinyoni eziningi e-Arctic nase-subarctic expanses.
I-guillemot e-thick-billed, njengommeleli wangempela wezinyoni zasolwandle, iyinto ebalulekile esimisweni semvelo se-polar... Ukuvikelwa kwale nyoni kwenziwa kwezinye izinqolobane nezindawo ezingcwele, endaweni lapho ihlomisa khona indawo yokwakha izidleke noma izindawo zokulala.
