Izindlovu (Еleрhantidae) yizilwane ezincelisayo ezi-oda le-proboscis. Isilwane sasemhlabeni esikhulu kunazo zonke ezesilwane esincelisayo, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokudla kwendlovu simelelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezimila.
Ukudla endaweni yemvelo
Izindlovu yizilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezihlala emhlabeni wethu, futhi indawo yazo yokuhlala isibe amazwekazi amabili: i-Afrika ne-Asia. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlovu yase-Afrika neyase-Asia ayivezwa kuphela ukuma kwezindlebe, ubukhona nosayizi wamazinyo, kepha futhi nezinto ezihlukile ekudleni. Ngokuyinhloko, ukudla kwazo zonke izindlovu akuhlukile kakhulu.... Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu somhlaba sidla utshani, amaqabunga, amagxolo namagatsha ezihlahla, kanye nezimpande zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezithelo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuze zithole ukudla, izindlovu zisebenzisa ithuluzi lemvelo - isiqu, lapho kungasuswa khona izimila zombili engxenyeni engezansi yezihlahla futhi ziqonde ngqo phansi noma zikhishwe emqhele.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umzimba wendlovu yase-Asia neyase-Afrika uhlanganisa hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-40% esamba senani lazo zonke izitshalo ezidliwe emini. Ukufuna ukudla kuthatha ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwalesi silwane esincelisayo. Isibonelo, ukuze ikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla okwanele, indlovu endala yase-Afrika ingahamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-400-500. Kepha ngezindlovu zase-Asia noma zaseNdiya, inqubo yokufuduka ayiyona eyemvelo.
Izindlovu ezidla ukudla zaseNdiya zichitha cishe amahora angamashumi amabili ngosuku zifuna ukudla nokondla. Ngesikhathi esishisayo sasemini, izindlovu zizama ukucasha emthunzini, okuvumela isilwane ukuthi sigweme ukushisa ngokweqile. Izici zendawo yokuhlala yendlovu yaseNdiya ichaza uhlobo lomsoco wayo ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukuze iqoqe utshani obufushane kakhulu, indlovu iqale ikhulule noma imbe inhlabathi, iyishaye ngamandla ngezinyawo zayo. Amagxolo avela emagatsheni amakhulu asuswa yizinsolo, kuyilapho igatsha lesitshalo ngokwalo liphethwe yisiqu.
Eminyakeni elambile kakhulu neyomile, izindlovu zizimisele kakhulu ukubhubhisa izitshalo zezolimo. Izilimo zelayisi, kanye nezilimo zikabhanana nezinsimu ezihlwanyelwe umoba, kuvame ukuhlupheka ngokuhlaselwa kwalesi silwane esincelisayo esidla kakhulu. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izindlovu namuhla zingezona "izinambuzane" ezinkulu kwezolimo ngokwesayizi yomzimba nokuminza.
Ukudla lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni
Izindlovu zasendle zaseNdiya noma zase-Asia njengamanje zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukugcinwa ezindaweni zokongiwa kwemvelo noma emapaki ezilwane. Ngokwemvelo nasekuthunjweni, izindlovu zihlala emaqenjini omphakathi ayinkimbinkimbi, lapho kugcinwa khona izibopho eziqinile, ezisiza inqubo yokudla nokondla izilwane. Lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, lesi silwane esincelisayo sithola inani elikhulu lezinto ezihlaza nezotshani. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwe-herbivore enkulu kangaka kufanele kufakwe imifino yezimpande, izinkwa ezomisiwe zesinkwa esimhlophe, izaqathe, amakhanda eklabishi nezithelo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye zezinto eziyizintandokazi zezindlovu zaseNdiya nezase-Afrika zifaka ubhanana, kanye namakhukhi anama-khalori aphansi namanye amaswidi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekudleni amaswidi, izindlovu azisazi isilinganiso, ngakho-ke, zithambekele ekudleni ngokweqile nokushesha kwesisindo, okunomthelela omubi ngokweqile empilweni yesilwane. Kulokhu, isilwane se-proboscis sithola isimilo esingeyona semvelo esivezwa ukuxega noma ukunganaki ngokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izindlovu ezihlala ezimweni zemvelo, zemvelo zihamba kakhulu futhi zikhuthele kakhulu... Ukuze sithole ukudla okwanele okulondoloza impilo nokugcina impilo, isilwane esincelisayo sikwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide nsuku zonke. Ekuthunjweni, isilwane sincishwa leli thuba, ngakho-ke, izindlovu ezikuma-zoo zinenkinga ngesisindo noma ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
E-zoo, indlovu iphakelwa cishe kahlanu noma kayisithupha ngosuku, futhi ukudla kwansuku zonke kwesilwane esincelisayo eMoscow Zoological Park kuvezwa yimikhiqizo esemqoka elandelayo:
- imishanelo yamagatsha ezihlahla - cishe u-6-8 kg;
- utshani notshani obunezithasiselo zotshani - cishe ama-60 kg;
- oats - cishe 1-2 kg;
- oatmeal - cishe 4-5 kg;
- bran - cishe 1 kg;
- izithelo ezimelelwe ngamapheya, ama-apula nobhanana - cishe ama-8 kg;
- izaqathe - cishe i-15 kg;
- iklabishi - cishe 3 kg;
- beet - cishe 4-5 kg.
Imenyu yendlovu yasekwindla ihlanganisa amakhabe namazambane abilisiwe nakanjani. Zonke izithelo nemifino enikezwa isilwane esincelisayo isikwa ngokucophelela bese ixutshwa kahle nofulawa wotshani noma utshani obusezingeni eliphakeme nosikiwe. Ingxube yezakhi evelayo isakazeke kuyo yonke indawo ebiyelwe.
Le ndlela yokondla ivumela izilwane ukuthi zihambe ngenkuthalo ziyofuna izingcezu zokudla okumnandi kakhulu, futhi zinciphisa kakhulu izinga lokumunca kokudla yizindlovu.
Izici zenqubo yokumunca
Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwendlovu lunezici eziningi, futhi ubude obuphelele bawo wonke umsele wokugaya lesi silwane esincelisayo cishe amamitha angamashumi amathathu... Zonke izimila ezidliwe ziqala zingene emlonyeni wesilwane, lapho kukhona khona amazinyo abanzi okuhlafuna. Izindlovu azinazo ngokuphelele izigaxa zemisipha nezinja, eziguqulwe esilwaneni esinjalo zaba ngamazinyo amakhulu akhula kukho konke ukuphila kwazo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho zizalwa, izindlovu zinamazinyo okuthiwa obisi, athathelwa indawo lawo ahlala njalo anezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni, kanti amazinyo abesifazane abonakala ngokwemvelo ngokukhula okuntekenteke kakhulu noma awekho nhlobo.
Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sempilo, indlovu ingena esikhundleni samasethi ayisithupha, amelwe yizinsalela ezinomhlabathi onendawo embi, okuyisidingo sokuhlafuna kahle amafolishi amabi emvelaphi yezitshalo. Lapho ihlafuna ukudla, indlovu ihambisa umhlathi wayo emuva naphambili.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukudla okuhlafunwa kahle, okuswakanyiswe ngamathe, kungena esiswini esifushane, bese kungena esiswini somuntu oyedwa, esixhunywe emathunjini. Izinqubo zokuvutshelwa zenzeka ngaphakathi esiswini, futhi ingxenye yokudla imuncwa kuphela kukholoni naku-cecum, ngaphansi kwethonya le-microflora yebhaktheriya. Isikhathi sokuhlala esijwayelekile sokudla emgodini wamathumbu we-mammalian herbivore siyahluka kusuka osukwini olulodwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbili.
Indlovu idinga ukudla okungakanani ngosuku
Indlovu yaseNdiya noma yase-Asia ikakhulu ingumuntu ohlala ehlathini, okwenza kube lula ukufuna nokusetshenziswa kokuphakelwa kokudla. Isilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kangaka sithanda ukuhlala emahlathini akhanyayo asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, abonakala ngokuba khona komhlonyane ominyene, omelwe yizihlahlana ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uqalo.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi phambilini, lapho kuqala isikhathi sonyaka opholile, izindlovu bezingangena emathafeni ngobuningi, kepha manje ukunyakaza okunjalo sekwenziwe kuphela eziqiwini zemvelo, okuwumphumela wokuguqulwa cishe kwama-steppes emhlabeni jikelele kube yizwe lezolimo elenziwa ngumuntu minyaka yonke.
Ehlobo, izindlovu zihamba emithambekeni enamahlathi, zibheke endaweni enezintaba, lapho kuzonikezwa khona ukudla okwanele isilwane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangazayo, isilwane esincelisayo sidinga ukutholakala kokudla okuningi, ngakho-ke inqubo yokondla indlovu endaweni eyodwa ayidluli izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Izindlovu zase-Afrika nezase-Asia aziyona ingxenye yesilwane sendawo, kepha zizama ukunamathela ngokuqinile emingceleni yendawo yazo yokudla. Owesilisa oyedwa omdala, ubukhulu besiza esinjalo bucishe bube yi-15 km², futhi kwabesifazane abanobungane - kungama-30 km², kepha imingcele ingakhuphuka kakhulu ngosayizi ezikhathini ezomile kakhulu nezingakhiqizi.
Isilinganiso sokudla kwansuku zonke esidliwe yindlovu esikhulile ngu-150-300 kg, omelwe yizinhlobonhlobo zokudla kwezitshalo, noma cishe u-6-8% wesisindo somzimba sesilwane esincelisayo. Ukuze kugcwaliswe ngokugcwele amaminerali emzimbeni, ama-herbivores ayakwazi ukusesha usawoti odingekayo emhlabathini.
Indlovu idinga amanzi amangaki ngosuku
Esikhathini esedlule, izindlovu ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo zenza ukufuduka okude ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, futhi uhla oluphelele lokunyakaza okunjalo luvame ukuthatha cishe iminyaka eyishumi, futhi lubandakanya ukuvakasha okuyimpoqo emithonjeni yamanzi emvelo. Kodwa-ke, okwenziwa ngabantu manje sekwenze ukuthi ukuhamba okunjalo kwezilwane ezincelisayo kube cishe kungenzeki ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke ukukhishwa kwamanzi sekuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu ezilwaneni zasendle.
Izilwane ze-proboscis ziphuza kakhulu, futhi indlovu eyodwa esikhulile idinga amalitha amanzi angama-125-150 nsuku zonke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile.... Ezikhathini ezomile kakhulu, lapho imithombo yamanzi etholakalayo esincelisayo incipha, isilwane siyahamba siyofuna umswakama onika ukuphila. Ngosizo lwesiqu kanye nomuthi, izimbobo ezilinganisa imitha zimbiwe emibhedeni yemifula eyomile, lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba egelezela khona kancane.
Okubalulekile! Imigodi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba enziwe izindlovu emithonjeni eyomile imvamisa iba umholo kwabanye abantu base-savanna abaphuza kulezi zindawo zokugcina okwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba izindlovu sezihambile..
Izindlovu zase-Afrika zivame ukuba zizinkulu ngokuphawulekayo kunezindlovu zase-Asia noma zaseNdiya ngakho-ke zisebenzisa ukudla namanzi amaningi. Njengomthetho, isilwane esincelisayo siqeda ukoma kanye kuphela ngosuku futhi asinaki kakhulu izici zamanzi. Uma ukudla kudla uketshezi, isilwane sikwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Futhi, ukugcinwa komswakama emzimbeni kwenziwa lula ngokudla okusebenzayo kwenhlabathi, okunothe kokufakwa kwamaminerali nosawoti.... Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni ethile eyomile ikakhulukazi, yonke imizamo yendlovu yokuthola amanzi iyize. Eminyakeni enjalo, ukwehla kwenani lezindlovu ngenxa yokwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni kubaluleke kakhulu.
