I-Argali, noma inqama yezintaba (i-Ovis ammon) iyisilwane esincelisayo esihle kakhulu futhi esihle kakhulu esinezilwane ezinamaphiko somndeni wezinkomo kanye ne-oda le-artiodactyl. Lesi silwane esincelisayo esingavamile saziwa nangokuthi i-argali.
Incazelo yenqama yentaba
I-Argali ngummeli omkhulu kakhulu wesigaba sezimvu zasendle.... Igama elithile lesiLatin elithi ammon lilandelela igama likankulunkulu u-Amun. Ngokwensumansumane, ukwesaba okunamandla kukaTyphon kwaphoqa izakhamuzi zasezulwini ukuba ziphenduke izilwane ezahlukahlukene, futhi u-Amon wathola ukubonakala kwenqama. Ngokuya ngesiko lasendulo, u-Amon wavezwa njengendoda enezimpondo zenqama ezinkulu nezigobile.
Izinhlobo zezimvu ezisezintabeni
Izinhlobo ze-argali noma zezintaba zezintaba zifaka ama-subspecies amaningana afundwe kahle futhi ahlukile ngokubukeka:
- I-Altai ram noma i-Ovis ammon ammon;
- I-Anatolian mouflon noma i-Ovis ammon anatolisa;
- Izimvu zikaBukhara noma i-Ovis ammon bosharensis;
- Kazakh argali noma i-Ovis ammon colium;
- UGansu argali noma u-Ovis ammon dalailamae;
- Izimvu zasentabeni zaseTibetan noma i-Ovis ammon hоdgsоnii;
- Izimvu zezintaba zaseNyakatho Chinese noma i-Ovis ammon jubata;
- Izimvu zasentabeni iTien Shan noma i-Ovis ammon karelini;
- argali Kozlova noma Ovis ammon kozlоvi;
- intaba karatau ram noma i-Ovis ammon nigrimontana;
- Inqama yaseCypriot noma i-Ovis ammon orhion;
- inqama yezintaba uMarco Polo noma u-Ovis ammon roli;
- Izimvu zasentabeni ze-Kyzylkum noma i-Ovis ammon sevеrtzоvi;
- I-Urmian mouflon noma i-Ovis ammon urmiana.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yi-argali subspecies - i-Altai noma i-Tien Shan yezimvu zezintaba. Lesi silwane esincelisayo esinezinselo ezinemilenze yezinkomo, sinezimpondo ezinamandla kakhulu nezisindayo. Isisindo esilinganisiwe sezimpondo zesilisa esikhulile ngokuvamile sifinyelela kuma-33-35 kg. Ukuphakama kowesilisa ovuthiwe ngokocansi lapho kubuna kungahluka phakathi kuka-70-125 cm, nobude bomzimba obufinyelela kumamitha amabili nesisindo ebangeni elingama-70-180 kg.
Umsila ubude buyi-13 kuya ku-14 cm. Bonke abameleli be-subspecies O. ammon ammon babonakala ngokuba khona komzimba ongaxakile, omncane, kepha onamandla kakhulu. Isiphetho sesifonyo sesilwane sikhanya ngebala kunekhanda laso nasemhlane. Inani lezimvu zezintaba ze-Altai lingamelwa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: abesifazane abanezinsizwa nabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Izintaba zezimvu zeKyzylkum noma i-argive kaSevertsov nayo ayithandeki kangako. Lesi simo sendawo yaseKazakhstan sisengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi inani lalezi zinhlayiya alidluli kubantu abayikhulu. I-Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi ibhalwe kuRed Data Book esebenza endaweni yaseKazakhstan.
Ukubukeka kwe-Argali
Ubude bomzimba we-argali yabantu abadala bungu-120-200 cm, ukuphakama kubuna ku-90-120 cm kanye nesisindo ebangeni lama-65-180 kg... Ngokuya ngama-subspecies, hhayi ubukhulu kuphela, kepha nombala womzimba uyehluka, kepha namuhla enkulu kunazo zonke iPamir argali, noma inqama yentaba iMarco Polo, eyaqanjwa ngegama layo ngokuhlonipha isihambi esidumile esanikeza incazelo yokuqala yalesi silwane esincelisayo, i-artiodactyl.
Abesilisa nabesifazane balezi zinhlobo ezincane babonakala ngokuba nezimpondo ezinde kakhulu. Imvu yeduna yasentabeni inezimpondo ezinkulu, ezihlaba umxhwele, ezivame ukuba nesisindo cishe esingu-13% wesisindo somzimba sesilwane. Izimpondo, ezingafika ku-180-190 cm ubude, zisontekile ngumoya, imiphetho iphendukele ngaphandle naphezulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpondo zezimvu ezisentabeni zithandwa kakhulu ngabazingeli iminyaka eminingi, ngakho-ke izindleko zazo zivame ukuba izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamaRandi.
Umbala womzimba wesilwane esincelisayo esinezinselo zezinkomo ungahluka kakhulu, okunqunywa yizimpawu ze-subspecies. Esikhathini esiningi, umbala uboniswa uhla olubanzi kakhulu kusuka kumakhandlela anesihlabathi akhanyayo kuya kumbala onsundu onsundu ngokumpunga.
Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ibonakala ngombala okhanyayo. Kunemivimbo emnyama esundu ezinhlangothini zomzimba wenqama yasentabeni, ehlukanisa ngokusobala ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba emnyama nengxenye engezansi ekhanyayo. Indawo yomlomo nesigaxa ihlala inombala okhanyayo.
Isici esihlukile sombala wenqama yesilisa esentabeni ubukhona bendandatho ephawuleka kakhulu, emelwe ngoboya obukhanyayo futhi etholakala entanyeni yesilwane, kanye nokuba khona koboya obuhlanganisiwe endaweni ye-nape. Isilwane esincelisayo esinesiqingatha esinezimpondo ezinamaqabunga ahlukaniswe izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, futhi uboya basebusika bunombala okhanyayo nobude obukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesembozo sasehlobo. Imilenze yenqama yasentabeni iphakeme impela futhi mncane kakhulu, okuthi, kanye nezimpondo zokuvunguza, umehluko omkhulu wezinhlobo kusuka embuzi yasentabeni (iCapra).
Okubalulekile! Lapho impilo isengozini, isilwane esikhulile siqala ukukhipha ngenkuthalo futhi ngokuzwakalayo ngokwanele, futhi abantu abasha bakhala njengamawundlu emvu yasekhaya.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Izinqama zezintaba zingokwesigaba sezilwane esibonakala ngokuhlala phansi. Ebusika nasehlobo, izilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl zenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukufuduka mpo. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sehlobo, izinqama zezintaba ze-argali zihlanganiswe zaba imihlambi emincane, equkethe ubuningi bamakhanda angamashumi amathathu, futhi ebusika umhlambi onjalo ukhuliswa kakhulu futhi uyakwazi ukufaka izilwane ezingamakhulu amaningana zeminyaka ehlukene.
Iqembu lezimvu ezisezintabeni lingamelwa yinhlangano yabesifazane nezilwane ezincane, kanye namaqembu e-bachelor ahlukile. Abesilisa abakhulu abavuthiwe ngokobulili bayakwazi ukudlisa ngokuhlukile emhlambini wonke. Njengoba umkhuba wokubuka okungapheli ukhombisa, izinqama ezihlangene emhlambini owodwa ziziphatha ngokubekezelelana futhi zinobungane komunye nomunye.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengomthetho, izinqama ezindala azinikezeli usizo ezihlotsheni zazo, noma kunjalo, izici zokuziphatha kwelungu ngalinye lomhlambi ziqashwa ngokucophelela, futhi lapho kukhona isignali ye-alamu ekhishwa yinqama eyodwa, wonke umhlambi uthatha indawo yokulinda-futhi-ukubona noma ukuzivikela.
Izinqama zezintaba zasendle zibonakala njengezilwane ezincelisayo eziqaphile kakhulu futhi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezikwazi ukuqapha njalo imvelo ezungezile. Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zengozi, ukuhlehla kwe-argali ohlangothini oluzotholakala kalula ukulandela izitha. Ngokwazi ukunyakazisa amatshe, imvu yasezintabeni incane kancane kunembuzi yasentabeni.
Isilwane esinenselo enjalo asikwazi ukuhamba ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi siyazi nokuthi sifinyelele kanjani kancane ngentshiseko futhi kalula ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Noma kunjalo, isilinganiso sokuqaqa sifinyelela kumamitha ambalwa, futhi ubude bungaba ngamamitha amahlanu. Umsebenzi omkhulu wezimvu zezintaba zezinkomo uphawulwa ngokuqala kokusa, futhi emini izilwane ziya kophumula ngobuningi, lapho zihlafuna ushungamu zilele khona. I-Argali incamela ukudla emadlelweni apholile ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Uhlala iminyaka emingaki
Isikhathi sokuphila semvu yasentabeni noma i-argali singahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezici eziningi zangaphandle, kufaka phakathi nendawo yokwabiwa. Kepha, njengomthetho, ezimweni zemvelo, zemvelo, isilwane esincelisayo esinemishwe enemilenze singaphila iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi noma eyishumi nambili.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
I-Mountain Argali ihlala, njengomthetho, emagqumeni nasezintabeni ezise-Asia Ephakathi naphakathi, ekhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.3-6.1 ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle. Isilwane esincelisayo esihle sihlala eHimalaya, ePamirs naseTibet, nase-Altai naseMongolia. Muva nje, uhla lwalezi zilwane ezinezinselo ezinwebile lwalubanzi kakhulu, kanti izintaba zasezintabeni zitholakale kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yeWestern and Eastern Siberia, kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYakutia.
Njengamanje, indawo yokuhlala ye-argali incike kakhulu kuzimpawu ze-subspecies:
- ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon ammon atholakala ezinhlelweni zezintaba ze-Gobi neMongolia Altai, kanye nasemigqeni ngamanye kanye nasezinsikeni eziseMpumalanga Kazakhstan, eSouth-Eastern Altai, eSouth-Western Tuva naseMongolia;
- ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon colllium itholakala eKazakh Highlands, esifundeni esisenyakatho seBalkhash, eKalbinskiy Altai, Tarbagatai, Monrak naseSaur;
- ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon hоdgsonii atholakala ethafeni laseTibet naseHimalaya, kufaka phakathi iNepal neNdiya;
- ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon karelini itholakala eKazakhstan, kanye naseKyrgyzstan naseChina;
- ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon roli ahlala endaweni yaseTajikistan naseKyrgyzstan, eChina kanye nase-Afghanistan;
- Ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon jubata ahlala ezinkangala ezinkulu zaseTibetan;
- Ama-subspecies i-Ovis ammon sevеrtzovi ahlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezintaba zaseKazakhstan, kanye nakwezinye izindawo ezisendaweni yase-Uzbekistan.
Izimvu zezintaba zithanda izindawo ezivulekile, zivumela ukuthi zizulazule emithambekeni yezintaba zezintaba nasezintabeni ezinamadwala, kanye nezimfunda ezinotshani zase-alpine, ezigcwele kahle izihlahlana ezinamaqabunga. Isilwane esincelisayo esinempandla evundlile sivame ukutholakala ezihosheni ezinamadwala nezigodi ezineziqhingi ezinamadwala... I-Argali izama ukugwema izindawo ezibonakala ngamahlathi aminyene ohlaza. Isici esihlukile sawo wonke ama-subspecies ukufuduka mpo kwesizini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ehlobo, i-argali ikhuphukela ezindaweni zebhande le-alpine, ezicebile ngohlaza obusha, futhi ebusika, izilwane, kunalokho, zehlela endaweni yamadlelo eneqhwa elincane.
Izitha zemvelo zenqama yentaba
Ezitheni ezinkulu ze-argali, izimpisi zihlala endaweni yokuqala ngokubaluleka. Ukuzingelwa kwalesi sidalwa esincelisayo se-artiodactyl ezincelisayo kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu, ngoba izinqama zezintaba zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile kakhulu futhi ezivulekile, kanye nezindawo ezibonakalayo.
Futhi, inani labantu be-argali lehliswe kakhulu ngenxa yezitha zemvelo zezimvu zasentabeni njengengwe, ingwe, i-coyote, i-cheetah, ukhozi nokhozi lwegolide. Phakathi kokunye, izimvu ezisezintabeni zisazingelwa ngentshiseko ngabantu ababulala izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamaqhekeza ukuze kukhishwe inyama, izikhumba nezimpondo ezibizayo.
Ukudla kwe-Argali
Izinqama zasentabeni zasendle i-argali ingeyesigaba semifino edla imifino, yingakho ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-artiodactyl kumelelwa yizinhlobonhlobo zezimila ezinomhluzi, okuyisici sendawo nesifunda lapho kutholakala khona ama-subspecies. Ngokusho kokubona okuningi kwesayensi, i-bovine argali ithanda okusanhlamvu kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zokudla kwezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Wonke ama-subspecies awathobeki, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokusanhlamvu, badla i-sedge ne-hodgepodge ngenjabulo enkulu futhi ngobuningi.
Isilwane esincelisayo esinezinselo ezinesigaxa esinqunyiwe asikwesabi nakancane isimo sezulu esibi nemvula esemkhathini, ngakho-ke sidla izimila ezinamanzi noma ngabe kunini lapho kunezimvula ezinamandla. Ukutholakala kwamanzi kwemvu esezintabeni akuyona into edingekayo nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke isilwane esinjalo kungenzeka singaphuzi ngokuthula isikhathi eside. Uma kunesidingo, i-argali iyakwazi ukuphuza ngisho namanzi anosawoti.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngaphambi nje kokukhwelana, izimvu zezintaba zihlangene ngemihlambi emincane yamakhanda ayishumi nanhlanu. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ku-argali yabesifazane kwenzeka vele ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, kepha amandla okuzala kabusha ezilwaneni atholakala kuphela eneminyaka emibili. Imvu yeduna yasentabeni ivuthwa ngokocansi ineminyaka emibili, kepha isilwane sithatha ingxenye ebonakalayo ekuzaleni kamuva kakhulu, kusukela eminyakeni engaba mihlanu.
Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, abesilisa abancane bahlala bexoshwa kwabesifazane ngabafowabo abadala kakhulu futhi abakhulu kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuqala komugqa osebenzayo asifani ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zebanga lezimvu ezisentabeni. Isibonelo, kubantu abahlala eKyrgyzstan, isikhathi se-rutting ngokuvamile sigujwa ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Isici sesici sezinqama zesilisa ezindala yikhono lokuzakhela ngokwabo lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-harems", aqukethe abesifazane abayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu. Isibalo esiphezulu sabesifazane ngemvu eyodwa yesilisa evuthiwe ngokocansi cishe ngabantu abangamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Kanye nabesifazane, umhlambi onjalo ungafaka izilwane eziningana ezingavuthiwe. Bavuthiwe ngokobulili, kepha namanje abanawo amandla anele, abesilisa abasebancane bama-artiodactyls wezinkomo, abagcinwa kude nabesifazane yizimbangi ezinamandla kakhulu nezithuthukile, ngesikhathi se-rutting bavame ukuhlangana emaqenjini amancane ahlukene azulazula kude nama "harems" adaliwe.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa be-argali babonakala ngokujabula okunamandla futhi bajahe kakhulu abesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi, ngenxa yalokho abangaqapheli kakhulu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho abazingeli nezilwane ezidla ezinye bengenabunzima bokusondela ebangeni eliyingozi kuma-artiodactyls. Izimpi eziningi zemiqhudelwano zenzeka phakathi kwamadoda amadala nalawo aselungele ukushada phakathi nesikhathi sonyaka we-rutting, lapho izilwane zihlukana khona futhi zisondela futhi, zishaya amabunzi azo nezisekelo zezimpondo ngamandla amakhulu ngesikhathi sokugijima.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imisindo emikhulu ehambisana nemithelela enjalo izwakala ezintabeni ngisho nasebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesizini, abesilisa baseargali baphinde bahlukane nabo bonke abesifazane futhi, behlangana ngamaqembu amancane, bakhuphuke izintaba.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwe-argali yesifazane cishe siyizinyanga ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho amawundlu azalwa ngokuqala kokushisa kwentwasahlobo. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwamawundlu, izimvu zezinsikazi zezintaba zisuka emhlambini omkhulu bese zibheka izindawo ezinamadwala noma aminyene kakhulu ezihlahlaneni zamawundlu. Njengomphumela we-lambing, njengomthetho, kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili, kepha ama-triplets nawo ayaziwa ukuthi azalwe.
Isisindo esilinganisiwe samawundlu asanda kuzalwa sincike ngqo enanini labo, kepha, kaningi, alidluli ku-3.5-4.5 kg. Izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi, ngokwesisindo, lapho kuzalwa zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Amantombazane asanda kuzalwa angaba mancane kunabesilisa. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zempilo, amawundlu asanda kuzalwa abuthakathaka futhi awanakuzisiza ngokuphelele. Bacasha phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu noma ezihlahleni. Cishe ngosuku lwesithathu noma lwesine, amawundlu asebenza ngokwengeziwe futhi alandela unina.
Uma ezinsukwini zokuqala, zonke izinsikazi zamawundlu ezisencane zezintaba zikhetha ukuhlala zodwa, khona-ke emva kwamasonto ambalwa, ngemuva kokuba inzalo iqine kancane, ziqala ukuzulazula futhi zihlangane ngamaqembu ambalwa. Imihlambi emincane enjalo yabesifazane nayo ihlanganiswa nokukhula okuncane konyaka odlule. Ubisi lukamama lusetshenziswa njengokudla okuyinhloko kwamawundlu asezintabeni kuze kube cishe phakathi nasekwindla. Lo mkhiqizo ophilile futhi onomsoco ohlukile awuhluke kakhulu ebisini lobisi lwezimvu ezifuywayo maqondana nokwakheka kwalo kwamakhemikhali nokunambitha.
Ifolishi eliluhlaza liqala ukusetshenziswa ngobuningi obulinganiselwe ngamawundlu emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi lapho kuqala isikhathi sekwindla, ingxenye enkulu yokondla okuncane iyodwa. Abesifazane, njengoba bekhula futhi bekhula, babonakala besalela ngemuva ngosayizi ngosayizi.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Mountain argali ikhula kancane kancane futhi isikhathi eside, futhi ukukhula okuhamba kancane kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa, okungakhuphuka kancane ngosayizi cishe kuyo yonke impilo yabo.
Isimo sabantu nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobo
Abazingeli bendawo badubula izimvu zasentabeni ngobuningi ukuthola izimpondo zabo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabelaphi bemithi yendabuko yamaShayina ukulungisa ama-potions ahlukahlukene. Cishe wonke ama-subspecies alesi silwane esincelisayo esinamadlavu ahlukanisiwe ahlala ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukulawula izinombolo zazo ngokunembile.
I-Argali ivame ukususwa emadlelweni yimfuyo, ngemuva kwalokho amasimu angakulungeli ukondla izimvu ezisezintabeni... Ukwehla kwamanani nakho kuthinteka kabi ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ubusika obunzima kakhulu noma obuneqhwa kakhulu.
I-Argali noma i-mountain sheep argali ifakiwe kwiRed Book of the Russian Federation, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuthi kushushiswe labo abazingela ngokungemthetho i-artiodactyl esengozini. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, i-argali ingathanjiswa kahle, futhi ukugcina kahle ekuthunjweni kwezimvu zezintaba ezinjalo, kwanele ukwaba ipeni elibanzi ngocingo oluphakeme futhi oluqinile, kanye negumbi elinabaphuzi nabahlinzeki. Ukubuyisela inani labantu, izilwane ezisengcupheni yokufakwa engozini nazo zigcinwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezivikelwe futhi zigcinwa emamuveni.
