Igama elivamile elithi "skinks" lifihla izinhlobo eziyinkulungwane nengxenye zohlobo olulodwa, oluningi kakhulu, lomndeni wezibankwa. Kungakho iScincidae yehluke kakhulu kwindlela yokuphila, ukubukeka, imikhuba yokudla kanye nendlela ezizala ngayo.
Incazelo skinks
Umehluko phakathi kwama-skinks uqala ngengaphandle: eminye ipendwe ngokugqamile, eminye ayivezi.... Izibankwa ezincane ezingamasentimitha ayisithupha (ngokwesibonelo, i-Far Eastern skink) zinezihlobo ezinkulu, ezinjenge-chain-tailed skink, ekhula ize ifike ku-70 cm.
Izazi zebhayoloji zibiza isici esihlanganisa wonke ama-skinks - izikali ezibushelelezi (ezicishe zibe yizinhlanzi) zilele ezitsheni zamathambo: ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa kuphela ezinamameva noma ama-tubercles. Izikali zangemuva nezesisu zicishe zifane ngesakhiwo.
Ikhanda limbozwe izigaxa ezilinganayo; ugebhezi lubonakala ngamakhothamo asesikhashana abonakalayo. I-Skinks inamazinyo agobekile futhi agobile kancane. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla ama-molluscs nezitshalo zinamazinyo acwebezelayo futhi andise.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Skinks abheka umhlaba ngamehlo anezinkophe ezihlukile ezihambayo kanye nabafundi abayindilinga. Abanye bangabona ngamehlo avaliwe, okwenziwa lula "iwindi" elisobala lejwabu leso elingezansi. Amehlo e-Golog, njengezinyoka, ahlanganise izinkophe.
Umndeni wakwaScincidae ufaka phakathi abantu abangenamile kanye "nabanemilenze emine", kufaka phakathi:
- inyoka engenamlenze;
- enezitho ezifinyeziwe nezinzwane ezingathuthuki kahle;
- ngezitho ezifinyeziwe nenombolo ejwayelekile yeminwe;
- ngeminwe nezitho ezithuthukiswe kahle.
Izikhumba eziningi zinomsila omude, kodwa futhi zimfushane, zisetshenziselwa ukugcina amafutha (skink-tailed short) noma ukubamba (chain-tailed skink). Cishe kuwo wonke amafinyila, umsila uyaqhuma ubungozi. Ngenkathi lowo omxoshayo ebuka ukusikeka kwakhe, isibankwa sibaleke.
Izinhlobo zeskinks
Ama-Skinks ahlukaniswe ngemikhaya emi-4, cishe izinhlobo eziyi-130 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-1.5. Imindeni engezansi kuphela engabhalwa (ngaphakathi kohlaka lwendatshana):
- ama-ligosomal skinks angumndeni omelwe kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izizukulwane ezingama-96;
- ama-skinks angaboni - okuwukuphela kohlobo lwezikhumba eziyimpumputhe ezingenamlenze okungokwalo;
- i-acontium skinks;
- qhwanyaza.
Uma zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo zikwazile ukuhlangana, akunakwenzeka ukuthi zizokwazi ukubona izihlobo eziseduze. Ngokufana nesigaxa se-spruce (ngenxa yesikali esinamaqhubu), isinqamuleli sase-Australia singamangala ebudlelwaneni ne-Alai gologlaz yamanga, ekhasa ezintabeni zaseKyrgyzstan, e-Uzbekistan naseTajikistan.
Izibankwa ze-arboreal (ezinamapuleti ngaphakathi emilenzeni yazo, okwenza kube lula ukugibela iziqu namaqabunga) bekungeke kube kufakwe embhedeni wokuhlangana ngezikebhe ezingenamlenze ezihlala e-Afrika.
Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi zinkulu nezincane, eziguquguqukayo nezingafani, ezibonwayo nezinamehlo amakhulu, izidalwa ezihuquzelayo ezidlayo nezidlayo ziyingxenye yomndeni ofanayo iScincidae.
Indawo yokuhlala, izindawo zokuhlala
Ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwezinhlobo zazo, ama-skinks azinzile kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica.... Okuvame ukutholakala emkhakheni wezindawo ezishisayo, kepha akuvamile ezindaweni ezikude (enyakatho / eningizimu) ze-equator.
Ama-Skinks amelwe kabanzi emazweni ase-Australia nase-Afrika, ePacific Islands nasemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo (kuya ngohlobo lwazo) zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele nasendaweni eshisayo, kufaka phakathi izintaba, ama-steppes, amahlathi anamanzi kanye nezingwadule.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ukuba khona kwama-skinks (futhi ngenxa yokungafani kwawo okubonakalayo) kuyehluka kakhulu. Iningi labo liphila impilo yasemhlabeni, kodwa-ke, engabavimbeli abanye ukuthi bagobhoze emhlabathini, bakhuphuke ezihlahleni noma basebenzise isikhathi sabo esikhululekile emanzini, njengoba kwenza ingwenya.
Kukhona nalabo asebekhulume kahle ngesitayela samahhala "sokubhukuda" ezindundumeni zasogwadule. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi yi-pharmacy skink, noma "inhlanzi yesihlabathi".
Isikhathi sokuphila
Imininingwane yobude besikhathi somhlaba sezinkinobho iyahlukahluka. Kuyaziwa impela ukuthi ekuthunjweni izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu (ama-skinks aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nochungechunge) ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20-22.
Njengoba ngokwemvelo, ama-skinks awaqinisekisi ukuvikelwa ezitheni / ezifweni kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezinhle, kungacatshangwa ukuthi izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasendle zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukudla, ukudla izikhumba
Ezinye izinhlobo (zimbalwa zazo) zondla izitshalo... Lezi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-skinks anomsila wamaketanga futhi anemisila emifushane. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezidla ezinye zivelele kulo mndeni we-motley, isisulu sawo esingenamgogodla (kufaka izinambuzane), kanye nama-vertebrate amancane, kufaka phakathi izibankwa ezingahlobene.
Izinhlobo ezithile (ngokwesibonelo, i-skink-tongued skink) zibhekwa njenge-omnivores. Ekudleni kwabo kubonakala:
- izitshalo (amaqabunga, izithelo nezimbali);
- iminenke;
- amaphela nezicabucabu;
- amakhilikithi nomuhlwa;
- amaqanda ezinyoni;
- amakhowe;
- udoti wokudla nesidumbu.
Izikhumba zomuntu omdala ezisebenzisa omnivorous nazo zidla ama-vertebrate amancane, kufaka phakathi izibankwa kanye namagundane amancane.
Izikhumba ezizalisayo
Phakathi kwama-skinks kukhona izinhlobo ze-viviparous, ovoviviparous kanye ne-oviparous.
Iningi lezibankwa lizalela amaqanda futhi ... ngaphandle kobuhlungu obuningi bengqondo liyakhohlwa ngawo. Kepha kukhona nabazali abayizibonelo, njenge-North American mountain skink: bagoqa amaqanda futhi bawavikele ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuma kwabo amasonto ama-2-3.
Kuyathakazelisa! Olunye uhlobo luhlala eNyakatho Melika, abameleli bayo baphenduka bakhothe amaqanda, besiza izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuba ziphume egobolondweni, zize zizondle.
I-Viviparous (njengama-skinks amaningi ase-Australia) yisilonda esikhulu esimahhadla esihlala e-Australia naseziqhingini zase-Indonesia.
I-Ovoviviparity isici sezinkemba ezibizwa ngoMabui, ezazithatha i-Asia, i-Afrika, i-Central kanye neNingizimu Melika.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, ama-skinks azingelwa ngu:
- izinja / amakati (ezifuywayo nezilahlekile);
- izinja ze-dingo zasendle;
- izinyoka ezinkulu;
- isigcilikisha esimpunga;
- izinyoni ezidla inyama (ngokwesibonelo, i-kookabara ehlekayo nonkhovu onsundu).
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile lapho zisengozini... Abanye, njengesikhumba esinolimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bangena esimweni sabo esivamile sokuzivikela, ukuhayiza nokuvuvukala. Ngasikhathi sinye, isibankwa siwuvula kakhulu umlomo, sethuse isitha ngolimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuhluke kakhulu emgodini womlomo obomvu ogqamile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umhlali wasogwadule, isikhumba samakhemisi, ungena ujule esihlabathini ukuze aqhamuke ebangeni eliphephile ukusuka esitheni.
Phakathi kwama-skinks, labo abajwayele ukuhlaselwa ku-catalepsy nabo bayabonakala: bathukile, baba yiqhwa njengabafileyo.
Ukugcina i-skink ekhaya
Ama-skinks ahlukahlukene asebenza njengezilwane ezifuywayo: i-exotic blue-tongued, ingwenya ehlekisayo nabanye. AmaTerrariumists ayayithanda ne-skink-tailed skink emangalisayo engalenga ibheke phansi.
I-skil-tailed skink, ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okusheshayo nokulalela, kuthathwa njengesilwane esihuquzelayo esiyisibonelo sasekhaya.
I-Terrarium
Njengoba endle isikhumba esinomsila omncane sihlala ezihlahleni ezide, uzodinga i-terrarium emile (120 * 60 * 120 cm) enesembozo semesh.
Lapho uhlela i-terrarium, sebenzisa:
- uhlaza oluningi lokuzenzela (i-skink bukhoma izodla noma inyathele);
- izimbiza / amabhokisi asebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela;
- amagatsha aqinile aqinile, aqiniswe ngokuvundlile;
- amatshe amakhulu alungiswe kahle;
- isitsha esijulile samanzi;
- i-substrate;
- ilambu langemuva (ama-watts angama-60);
- Izibani ze-UV (UVA / UVB).
Amahora okukhanya kwelanga esikhumbeni ahlala amahora ayi-12. Ukushisa kwasemini kugcinwa kububanzi obungu- + 25.5 + 29.4 degrees Celsius (endaweni yokushisa + 32.2 + 35). Ukufundwa ebusuku kufanele kuthambekele ku- + 20.5 + 23'ะก. Amanzi afuthwa phezu kwezitshalo / i-substrate nsuku zonke.
Ukunakekelwa, inhlanzeko
Ukugeza kwamanzi okubekwe ku-terrarium, kuncike ekucwilisweni kwamahhala kwesikhumba. Shintsha amanzi nsuku zonke. Khulisa umswakama onconyiwe wama-50-65% ngesikhathi se-molting ube ngu-80%.
Ifanele i-substrate ukugoqa iphepha noma i-newsprint, iziqendana ezenziwe ngomumo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo namaqabunga awile... Susa indle kuyo kanye ngesonto bese ushintsha ngokuphelele kanye ngekota.
Ukondla
Ama-skinks anomsila odla ngamaketanga adla kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Lezi yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla imifino, ezidla izithelo, amaqabunga nemifino endle.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-75-80% wokudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kube yimifino emnyama enezingqimba eziluhlaza:
- eziqongweni izaqathe kanye itheniphu;
- lwesinaphi esiluhlaza;
- imifino ye-dandelion;
- imifino ye-collard;
- ficus benjamin;
- i-zucchini, i-broccoli;
- i-red chard yaseSwitzerland;
- amaqabunga e-potus.
Lapho ukondla lesi sakamuva, indle yesigcilikisha ithola umbala obomvu ngokunsomi.
Ingxenye yesihlanu yevolumu yokudla yansuku zonke kuhlala izitshalo ezinjenge:
- iklabishi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi notamatisi;
- irayisi amahlumela nobhontshisi;
- ubhatata nesipinashi;
- ubhanana, i-kiwi namawolintshi;
- amapentshisi, upopo nemango;
- ama-strawberry nama-blueberries;
- amapheya, ama-apula namakhiwane;
- izimbali ze-hibiscus ne-cherry;
- i-chicory, amagilebhisi nama-roses.
Zonke izithelo zigezwa kahle ngaphambi kokuphakwa, zihlutshiwe, zisuswe imbewu / imbewu, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyasikwa.
Okubalulekile! Kwesinye isikhathi, i-baby izithelo puree ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sezithelo ezintsha. Kanye ngenyanga, isikhumba sinikezwa amaqanda abilisiwe abilayo. Amavithamini ne-calcium impuphu afakwa ekudleni njalo.
Ukuthenga
Ama-Skinks athathwa ezitolo zezilwane ezithenjiwe noma eziphethwe ngesandla (imvamisa ngokuqokwa). Izindleko zinqunywa uhlobo (lwendalo) lomuntu, ubukhulu nobudala. Esinye sezikhwehlela ezibiza kakhulu yilesi esinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: intengo yaso iqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-6-7 futhi ifinyelela izinkulungwane eziyi-12.
Cishe ebangeni elifanayo lentengo i-chain-tailed skink iwa (hhayi kuphela ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangazayo, kodwa futhi nanjengezinhlobo ezisengozini futhi ezifakiwe kwiCITES Convention).
Ama-skinks amancane ahlinzekwa ngentengo ephansi, esifundeni sama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-2-5... Ngakho-ke, isikhumba somlilo singathengwa ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5-3.7.
Uma uhlela ukuthola i-skink, funda izincwadi ngohlobo oluthile ukuze ungondli umhlaseli ngotshani, nesibankwa esidla izinambuzane ngezinambuzane.
