Hamsters (Crsetinae) - amagundane okuqondene Khomyakov umndeni. Zincane ngosayizi, ziminyene ngokomthethosisekelo, amagundane anemilenze emifushane, izindlebe ezincane nomsila omfushane ohlukile.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga
Lapho ukhetha futhi uthenga isilwane esifana ne-hamster, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwesilwane:
- Okokuqala, udinga ukuhlola amehlo, okufanele ajabule, abe nempilo futhi acwebezele, angaklwebheki futhi angenakho ukuphuma kwegazi;
- udinga nokuhlola indunu. Emgodini, uboya akufanele bungcoliswe yimfihlo, ngoba kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kuthathwe isifo sohudo isikhathi eside esilwaneni, esibangelwa hhayi kuphela ukungalungi kokudla, kodwa futhi nezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ze-somatic;
- phakathi kokunye, ijazi kufanele lihlolwe ngokucophelela, okumele libe nomfaniswano, licwebezele, libhebhethele noma libushelelezi, ukubukeka okunempilo ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwe-hamster kuqediwe, isilwane kufanele sithathwe ngobumnene ezandleni zakho futhi sizizwe ngobumnene:
- isisu sesilwane kufanele sinwebe futhi sinyene, ngaphandle kwezimbobo, ezingakuvumeli ukuthi uzizwe ngokucacile izimbambo eziphumayo;
- ngokuzizwa ngesandla, kulula kakhulu ukunquma izindawo zemikrolo noma ukulunywa, okuvame ukutholakala esifundeni se-lumbar noma eduze kwe-sacrum.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuphela ngokuthatha i-hamster, ungaqala ukunquma uhlamvu lwayo nesimo sengqondo kubantu. Isilwane kumele sibonise intshisekelo ebukhali, hhayi ukuluma, ukuklwebha noma ukukhipha ezandleni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge i-hamster, udinga ukwazi ubudala bayo. Inketho engcono kakhulu kungaba ukuthenga isilwane senyanga nenyanga ubudala, esisheshe sivumelane nendawo yaso entsha.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokugcina i-hamster
Ukugcina ama-hamsters, yize kubonakala kulula futhi kulula, umcimbi uyinkinga impela... Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-oda elisungulwe yi-hamster esibayeni sayo akumele lephulwe. Ihhoko elinezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele lifakwe endaweni engenalanga eliqondile kanye nezinhlaka noma umswakama ophezulu.
Ukuze kugcinwe kahle, umnikazi wesilwane esinjalo udinga nje ukwenza izinqubo zokuhlanzeka eziyisisekelo, kufaka phakathi ukugeza okuphakelayo, ukuhlanza indlu yangasese, nokuvuselela udoti lapho kudingeka. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlela kabusha emgodini wegundane, ungadala ukucindezeleka okukhulu esilwaneni.
Kuyathakazelisa!Akunconyelwa ukuthi ushintshe njalo indawo enekheji ne-hamster, ngoba "ukuhamba" okunjalo, njengomthetho, kunomthelela omubi ngokwedlulele kwi-psyche yesilwane esifuywayo, futhi ukususwa okuhlelekile kwegundane ngaphandle kwendlu kungumbono ongaphumeleli ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokuhlala, indawo yokuhlala
Noma yisiphi isilwane esidinga ikhaya laso, esikahle futhi esinethezekile, nezimo zokuhlala kuleyo ndlu kufanele zisondele ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yazo yemvelo. Impela, imibandela yezinyosi ze-hamster iqukethe imikhawulo ethile, kepha umnikazi onomthwalo wemfanelo uzohlala ezama ukuhlinzeka isilwane sakhe ngokuphila okuhle. Lapho ukhetha ikheji, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubheke usayizi, kanye nenani lezilwane ezifuywayo nemikhuba yazo.
Ochwepheshe banqume usayizi omncane kakhulu wekheji elungele ukugcina i-hamster ekhaya - 50x30cm, okuchazwa ngokunyuka kwezimoto zesilwane esinjalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-hamster iyakwazi ukugijima ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayishumi ngosuku, futhi ukungabi namandla okunyakaza noma ukungasebenzi kungathinta kabi impilo yegundane, kuvuse ukuthuthuka kokukhuluphala noma i-pathology yohlelo lwezinhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ukubaluleka okukhethekile kunamathiselwe emahlumela lapho kuhlala khona i-hamster ngokuzayo... Akufanele zibekwe zibheke phezulu futhi zibe nezikhala ezincane kakhulu noma ezibanzi phakathi kwazo. Kuma-hamsters amancane, ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela lisethwe ngaphakathi kwe-3-5mm, futhi kuma-hamsters aseSyria, igebe elingadluli ku-8-10mm lanele. Kufanele kube nezitezi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ekhejini elijwayelekile, okungenani ikota yemitha ukuphakama futhi zingabi ngaphezu kuka-30-35cm. Ukwehlukanisa phansi, amashalofu akhethekile epulasitiki ayimpoqo, hhayi izisekelo zeleti.
Okuthandwa kakhulu amakheji ezinkemba anezansi eliqinile namakhona ayindilinga noma ipani lokusalungiswa elijwayelekile. Umnyango kufanele uvuleke phezulu futhi ube ne-latch yokukhiya esezingeni eliphakeme. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinengxenye esilingayo esusekayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanza ikheji njalo. Eminyakeni yamuva, kaningi, abanikazi bama-hamsters asekhaya bathenga izindlu ze-plexiglass, ezimbozwe nge-lattice ekhethekile.
Okubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi amakheji amancane alungele kahle ukugcina izinhlobo zemifino yama-hamsters, kepha kumaSyria, uzodinga ukuthola indawo yokuhlala enkulu enesigubhu esikhulu.
Ngaphezu kwesondo elijwayelekile emgodini we-hamster, udinga ukubeka izitebhisi namacube ahlukahlukene, ibhola lokuhamba, kanye nezinkuni eziphephile nezinkuni. Indlu encane eyenziwe ngopulasitiki wemvelo noma ngokhuni olusetshenzwe kahle ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokukhosela isilwane.
Izici zokudla okunomsoco weHamster
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla okujwayelekile kwegundane lasekhaya kufanele kube ukudla okukhethekile okuhloselwe ukondla i-hamster. Lokhu kudla okulungele ukudliwa kuyatholakala ngefomu eliyimbudumbudu noma kumixube esuselwa enzalweni ukuhlinzeka ngokugcwele isilwane ngomsoco odingekayo ekukhuleni okugcwele nentuthuko.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile, ama-hamsters kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni kwawo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uhlale uthenga ukudla okufanayo, kodwa okulinganiselayo futhi okuphelele. Ukudluliselwa kolunye uhlobo lokudla kwenziwa ngokushelela kakhulu, ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Ubhontshisi, u-anyanisi, amazambane, i-rhubarb ne-tops yamatamatisi, kanye noshokoledi kanye nanoma yimaphi amaswidi, izinongo namakhukhamba aphikisiwe ngokweqile ezifuywayo.
Okunye kokudla okunempilo kakhulu kwamagundane asekhaya kufaka imifino enjenge-turnips, izaqathe, i-chicory, isipinashi, iparsley, ithanga, i-endive ne-cauliflower.
I-Brokholi, ubhontshisi oluhlaza kanye ne-asparagus, omisiwe, ama-apula kanye namapheya, ama-plums kanye namapentshisi nakho kunomthelela omuhle empilweni ye-hamster.... Ukugcina amazinyo esesimweni esihle futhi unikeze umzimba wegundane nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amabhulokhi akhethekile wamaminerali. Futhi, izinkomishi zokuphuza ezikhethekile zifakwe ehhokweni, ezigcwaliswa njalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Okubalulekile!Ukugcwalisa ngokushesha ukudla kwesilwane esisebenzayo ngamaphrotheni abalulekile emzimbeni, amaprotheni amaqanda abilisiwe kanzima asetshenziswa njengezengezo kokuphakelayo okuyinhloko.
Ukunakekelwa kweHamster nokuhlanzeka
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-hamster yesilwane kufaka phakathi imithetho ethile ethile, elandelayo:
- igundane lasekhaya ligcinwa kangcono lodwa, ekhejini elihlukile futhi elilungile;
- egumbini lapho ikheji litholakala khona, umbuso wokushisa ojwayelekile nokuthula okwanele kufanele kubhekwe;
- akufanele ufake isandla sakho emgodini nge hamster, njengoba igundane lingabona ukunyakaza okunjalo njengosongo ezintweni zakhe siqu;
- amagundane, ukuze alondoloze amandla awo, kufanele ahambise kakhulu, adle okuhlukahlukene futhi kahle, futhi alale nesikhathi esanele;
- Akuvunyelwe nakancane ukujezisa i-hamster, ngoba kulokhu isilwane sizokwesaba futhi sibhekane nengcindezi enkulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwezilwane kufaka nenhlanzeko ye-hamster cage... Naphezu kwakho konke ukusebenza kwayo, ikheji lezingilazi lizodinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kumnikazi wamagundane kunendlu yokuhlala yendabuko. Ikheji lezingilazi lidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo okumanzi, okwenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza namakhemikhali. Ngemuva kokuwasha, qiniseka ukuthi womisa ikheji kahle elangeni noma eduzane nokushisa.
Izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zivela lapho kuhlanzwa amakheji asesimanjemanje ngenani elikhulu lamagumbi axhunywe ngamaphaseji nemihubhe. Ipulasitiki ebushelelezi nedizayini eyinkimbinkimbi ayikuvumeli ukushintshwa okuphelele kokugcwaliswa kwenhlanzeko, kanye nokuwashwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, iphunga elingathandeki liqoqa ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, okuthinta kabi impilo yesilwane.
Ezempilo, izifo nokuvikela
Kukhona inani elikhulu lezifo ezingathinta ama-hamsters asendlini. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwa kakhulu yi-pathologies ebangelwa amagciwane, ukusweleka kokuphakelayo nokutheleleka ngama-parasitic.... Uma isigaba esikhubazekile samarabi singavamile kakhulu kuma-hamsters asekhaya futhi sigcina ngokufa, khona-ke kunezifo eziningi ezijwayelekile ezimelwe:
- Isifo segciwane lika-Aujeszky, esithinta masinyane isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sesilwane;
- Isifo sikaTizzer, esidala umkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokunganaki, okuholela ekufeni kwesilwane esifuywayo;
- isifo esithathelwanayo i-Bronchosepticosis, eqala ngokukhishwa kwe-serous-mucous ekhaleni ngenxa yomkhuhlane;
- Isifo seColibacillosis, esiboniswa ngokuncipha kokuhamba, ukwenqaba ukudla, kanye nohudo lwe-fetid nokukhathala;
- i-lymphocytic choriomeningitis, eyingozi kubantu futhi engeke yelapheke;
- i-bacterial listerllosis, ethwalwa ngamaconsi asemoyeni futhi ibangele ukufa kwesilwane;
- i-encephalomyelitis yegciwane.
Okubalulekile!Ukuze uzihlole isimo sempilo, kufanele unake indlela oziphatha ngayo nofuna ukudla, uhlobo lokuphefumula nokubukeka kwesilwane, kanye nokuguquguquka kwendle yaso. Esibonakalisweni sokuqala sokugula, kufanele uvakashele udokotela wezilwane.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu zifaka nokutheleleka nge-paratyphoid ye-hamster yasekhaya, noma i-salmonellosis, kanye ne-pasteurellosis, i-pneumonia ne-pseudotuberculosis. Ngokunganembi ekunakekelweni, isilwane singathinteka ngaphandle noma ama-ectoparasites, amelwe imikhaza, amazeze nezintwala, ekubhujisweni kwesisombululo se-0.5% esuselwa ku- "Bromocyclen" noma "Netritonate".
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ama-Hamsters yizilwane ezifuywayo ezizala kakhulu, ezikwazi ukukhiqiza amalitha amabili kuya kwamane ngonyaka.
Isikhathi sokumitha sowesifazane singahlala emavikini amabili kuye kwamathathu. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zamagundane afuywayo zilungele ukuzalaniswa zinamasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ubudala, kanti ama-hamster aseDzungarian kwesinye isikhathi aqala ngaphambi kwalonyaka.
Noma kunjalo, bonke ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuthi bayeke ukusheshe bakhishwe ama-hamsters asekhaya, ngoba isikhathi sokukhula okukhulu ezilwaneni ezinjalo siphela kuphela ngesonto lesihlanu lokuphila, futhi ukukhulelwa kule minyaka kuvame ukuba yimbangela enkulu yama-rickets nezinye izinguquko eziningi zokugula.
Kuyathakazelisa!Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, abesifazane abancane kakhulu bama-hamsters asekhaya, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngohlobo luni, bavame ukuyidla ngokuphelele inzalo yabo, futhi okulungile kakhulu ukukhwelwa eneminyaka eyisithupha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina igebe elanele phakathi kokukhwelana, okuzovumela owesifazane ukuba alulame ekukhulelweni futhi athole amandla. Imvamisa, isikhathi esivamile sokuzivumelanisa nokukhwelana okusha izinyanga ezintathu noma ezine. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela ukudla kowesifazane okhulelwe, futhi ikakhulukazi inani lamavithamini, amaminerali kanye nezakhamzimba ekudleni kwansuku zonke... Ukudla kufanele kumelwe okusanhlamvu, izithelo nemifino, amaqanda abilisiwe, i-cottage shizi enamafutha aphansi namagciwane kakolweni.
Ama-hamsters asanda kuzalwa azalwa emancane kakhulu, enempandla ngokuphelele, futhi eyimpumputhe neyisithulu, kepha kusukela ekuzalweni uyakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele wonke amaphunga abakuzungezile. Izingane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi unakekele ukuthi ama-hamsters anyanga zonke azonanyathiselwa kusengaphambili.
