Izinja ezihlala eRussia zihlaselwa ama-ectoparasites amaningi, kepha usongo olubaluleke kakhulu luvela imikhaza ye-ixodid, noma kunalokho, kusuka ezinhlotsheni zayo ezine - i-Ixode, iHaemaphysalis, iDermacentor neRhipicephalus.
Umkhaza ubukeka kanjani, lapho uluma khona kaningi?
Ngokuya ngezinga lokugcwaliswa kwegazi, i-mite ingaphenduka ipea engalungile noma ubhontshisi omkhulu... Isinambuzane esilambile siyefana nekhanda lomentshisi futhi sicishe singabonakali engutsheni yenja eshinyene ngenxa yombala waso omnyama - omnyama, onsundu, ompunga noma onsundu. Ukuvuvukala okuphakelwe kahle njengebhaluni, kushintsha umbala ngasikhathi sinye kube opinki, obomvu noma onsundu ngokujulile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Umzimba o-oval umbozwe "ngesihlangu" esine-chitinous futhi uhlala emilenzeni eyisishiyagalombili eshiwo. Kwowesifazane, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yomzimba ivikeleke ngegobolondo, yingakho iningi lalo likhula ngokukhululeka (egazini elidakiwe) cishe liphindwe kathathu.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaqinisekisa ukuthi i-bloodsucker yayixhunywe ngokuphepha ku-epidermis - i-proboscis yomlomo womlomo ifakwe amazinyo akhombe futhi abheke emuva. Lapho ilunywa, amathe awagcini nje ukudambisa izinhlungu, kepha futhi asebenza njengesixazululo semvelo: ezungeze i-proboscis, iyaqina, ingavumeli umkhaza uwe. I-arthropod ethe njo ihlala esilwaneni kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya enyangeni.
Ukudla ngokwanele, i- "ghoul" ihlala kuze kube yisidlo esilandelayo, futhi uma kungowesifazane, iyafa, ingakhohlwa ukubeka amaqanda. Lapho usufinyelele izinwele zezinja, umkhaza uyakhasa eduze kwawo ukuthola izindawo ezingenalutho. Okukhanga kakhulu, ubheka isisu, ukububula, imilenze yangemuva, amakhwapha nezindlebe. Uma sekuchaziwe, lesi sinambuzane sinquma isikhumba, sips igazi, bese sijova amathe okubulala izinzwa.
Lapho kutholakala umhlali ngokushesha, kuncipha ukulahlekelwa ekuhlaselweni kwakhe.
Imiphumela yokulunywa umkhaza
Awabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha, futhi lapho kukhona usongo olufihliwe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, abafuyi bezinja bayesaba izifo ezithathelwanayo ngesitimela sezinkinga, kepha ukuqonda ukuthi isilwane siyagula kaningi, ngeshwa, kufika sekwephuze kakhulu.
I-Pyroplasmosis
Ngenxa yesifo esiyimbangela yalesi sifo (i-babesia, esonakalisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi), sibizwa nangokuthi babesiosis... Kuthatha izinsuku ezi-2-21 ukusuka ekuthelelekeni kuye ekubonakalisweni. Inja inesifo sokudinwa, imfiva, ukuphuphuma, ukuphefumula, ukuqunjelwa, nokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho ezibucayi, okubandakanya inhliziyo, isibindi, amaphaphu nezinso. Inja iyaphuza kakhulu, kodwa iyenqaba ukudla. Umchamo uba mnyama, ube bomvu, nsundu, noma ube mnyama.
Ukwelashwa okubambezelekile kwe-piroplasmosis kugcwele izinkinga ezinkulu nokufa. Imiphumela ejwayelekile ye-babesiosis:
- i-anemia;
- i-arrhythmia nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
- inqubo yokuvuvukala esibindi;
- ischemia yobuchopho;
- ukwehluleka kwezinso;
- izilonda zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko;
- i-hepatitis (ngenxa yokudakwa isikhathi eside).
Okubalulekile!Ngokushesha lapho uya emtholampilo, kulapho isibikezelo sokutakula kwesilwane sisekela ngokwengeziwe.
Bartonellosis
Lesi sifo siqanjwe ngamagciwane uBartonella obhekene nokuvela kwaso.
Izimpawu ezivamile:
- izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
- i-anemia nomkhuhlane;
- ukwehlisa isisindo kanye nokozela;
- i-meningitis ne-edema yamaphaphu;
- ukopha emakhaleni;
- ubuthakathaka bezitho zangemuva;
- ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo namalunga;
- ukopha egazini leso.
I-Symbomatology ivame ukusulwa, yingakho isilwane singasithwala lesi sifo ngokwaso iminyaka bese ngokuzumayo sife ngaphandle kwezizathu ezisobala (zomnikazi).
I-Borreliosis (Isifo seLyme)
Iphinde yaqanjwa ngamagciwane ayo, i-bacterial Borrelia. Imfiva, izinkinga zenhliziyo, ubuthakathaka, ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla, ama-lymph node avuvukile nokuqina kokuqina kungavela emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokulunywa. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile:
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa;
- ukuvuvukala kwamalunga (kuphenduka ifomu elingapheli);
- ukukhubazeka (kwesinye isikhathi kuyanyamalala);
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi nezicubu.
Okubalulekile! Lesi sifo, esidluliselwa sisuka kumama siye embungwini, sivame ukuholela ekufeni kwabo noma ekuzalweni kwemidlwane engasebenzi.
I-hepatozoonosis
Kubonakala hhayi kuphela ngemuva kokulunywa, kodwa futhi njengomphumela wokungeniswa ngengozi komkhaza otheleleke ngamagciwane avela kuhlobo lweHepatozoon. Ekuqaleni, zigxila kuma-leukocyte, kepha kancane kancane zisakazeka emzimbeni wonke.
Lesi sifo "sithule" inqobo nje uma amasosha omzimba esenamandla, futhi azibonakalisa ngokusobala masishane lapho izivikelo ziba buthakathaka: inja inemfiva, amalunga nemisipha yayo iyaqaqamba, amehlo ayo manzi, nobuthakathaka buyavela. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha iminyaka eminingana kusukela ngesikhathi sokulunywa kuze kube ukuqhamuka kwalesi sifo..
I-Ehrlichiosis
URickettsiae Ehrlichia, okhubaza amaseli, kufanele asolwe ngokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo. ERussia, i-ehrlichiosis, enesici esibhekwa njengomkhuhlane okhubazekile, itholakele kusukela ngo-2002.
Umsebenzi owehlisiwe wemilenze emine kufanele waziswe - ukwenqaba ukudlala, ukusabela okungavinjelwe, isifiso sokuqamba amanga njalo. Kuba kubi kakhulu uma izimpawu zingabonakali ngaphandle: lesi sifo sizokona umzimba, sikhubaze kancane amehlo, imithambo yegazi, amalunga, ubende, umnkantsha nezinye izitho.
Izimpawu zokulunywa umkhaza enjeni
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwemikhaza esilwaneni, ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezithathelwanayo, ukubonwa kwe-neurotoxic nokwasendaweni kungabonakala. Lokhu kungenxa yesenzo sezimfihlo ezikhethekile ezinomphumela oqinile onobuthi kanye neguliswa.
Ukusabela kwe-Neurotoxic
Lokhu kufaka phakathi, okokuqala, "ukukhubazeka komkhaza" - kuqala kusukela ezithweni zangemuva, kuye esikhaleni, bese kuya ezingalweni zangaphambili. Kwesinye isikhathi ukungasebenzi kwemilenze yangemuva kubonakala kuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa bese kuhamba ngokwakho (ngaphandle kokubandakanya uchwepheshe).
Okubalulekile!I-toxin ethwalwa ngamathikithi isebenza ngqo emithanjeni ye-cranial, mhlawumbe ukwephulwa kwe-reflex yokugwinya, okuthiwa yi-dysphagia. Izinsimbi zezwi lenja nazo zishaywa ubuthi - izama ukukhonkotha, kodwa umsindo uyanyamalala noma uzwakale kancane. Lesi sifo sibizwa nge-dysphonia.
Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi impendulo ye-neurotoxic yomzimba ibonakaliswe ukuphefumula okuncane nokufa kwenja okulandelayo ngenxa yokuxinwa.
Ukusabela kwasendaweni
Zivame kakhulu kunezine-neurotoxic futhi zibukeka njengokuphazamiseka kwesikhumba kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Uma ukwazile ukususa umkhaza, ngemuva kwamahora ama-2-3 le ndawo izokhombisa:
- ububomvu;
- ukuvuvukala;
- phezulu (ngokumelene nesizinda somzimba wonke) izinga lokushisa;
- ukulunywa nobuhlungu obumnene.
Inja inesidingo esiphuthumayo sokukhotha nokuxubha indawo yokuluma. Ngosuku lwesibili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwama-parasite, izimpawu ze-granulomatous dermatitis nazo zingatholakala. Akuvamile ukuthi isilonda sithathe isimo sokuvuvukala komchamo: lokhu kwenzeka ngezenzo ezingafanele zomnikazi othelele ukugxila lapho esusa umkhaza.
Okubalulekile! Izinja ezincane zikhonjisiwe ngemijovo yama-antihistamine ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuzwela okwejwayelekile.
Okufanele ukwenze uma inja ilunywa umkhaza
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusisusa, sihlome ngamagilavu okuhlinza, udlawana noma iTick Twister. Uma kungekho zinsimbi eziseduze, i-arthropod isuswa ngokucophelela ngeminwe.
Izenzo ezivumelekile
Umkhaza ubambeke eduze ne-epidermis yenja ngangokunokwenzeka futhi udonse kancane, ubambe isikhumba "sesiguli" ngesinye isandlath. Ukuskrola kancane ngokwewashi kuvunyelwe. Lapho kuqedwa ukukhwabanisa, isilonda sigoqwe ngokuluhlaza okotshani, iodine noma i-hydrogen peroxide.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlala kuphela ukubuka "okuhlinzekwayo" (ukukala izinga lokushisa kwakhe nsuku zonke), ngoba isithombe somtholampilo sezifo ze-canine siyabonakala ngemuva kwamasonto ngisho nezinyanga. Akufanele wephuze ukuya emtholampilo wezilwane uma inja iyekile ukukhombisa intshisekelo ekudleni nasemidlalweni, inemfiva, izitulo ezixegayo nombala ongajwayelekile womchamo.
Izenzo ezinqatshelwe
Ukuze ungasibhebhethekisi isimo, khumbula imithetho elula lapho ususa lesi silwanyana:
- ungayigcwalisi ngamafutha omifino - ngaphansi kwefilimu, i-bloodsucker izoqala ukujova ngenkuthalo amathe ngaphansi kwesikhumba;
- ungafeli ngophalafini / utshwala - umkhaza ngeke ufe futhi ngeke uphume, futhi uzomosha isikhathi;
- ungakhethi iphoyinti lokuluma uzama ukuthatha i-parasite - lena indlela eqinisekile yokuthola igciwane;
- ungawunqandi umkhaza ngomucu wentambo - ngale ndlela ungamane unqume ikhanda lawo kunokuba ulikhiphe ngokuphelele.
Uma kukhona ukulunywa okuningi, hambisa isilwane sakho emtholampilo wezilwane.
I-encephalitis ethwalwa ngamathikithi enjeni
Ngokwezibalo ezingashiwongo, isigamu sakho konke ukufa kwe-canine kubangelwa i-encephalitis kanye nezinkinga zayo. Umthamo wesilonda se-grey medulla unquma inkambo yalesi sifo nezimpawu zaso, okungaba:
- ukudlikizela nokuthuthumela;
- ukukhubazeka, kufaka phakathi imizwa yobuso;
- ukuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla nokukhathala okuvamile;
- ukwephula ukuhlafuna nemisebenzi yezimoto;
- ukuwohloka kombono (kuze kube yimpumputhe);
- ukulahlekelwa iphunga;
- ukulahlekelwa ukwazi nokuwa isithuthwane;
- ukucwila ekucindezelekeni.
Nge-edema yobuchopho ebanzi, ukwelashwa kwesilwane kunzima, kanti isifo esiqhubekela phambili sisakazeka emthonjeni womgogodla futhi siqhubekele kwezinye izitho. Ukuvakashelwa kamuva kudokotela kugcwele ukukhubazeka nokufa kwesilwane, ngakho-ke, lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwe-encephalitis ethwalwa imikhaza, kunikezwa imithi enamandla ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukwelashwa kugcina ngenkambo yokutakula.
Okubalulekile! Kweminye imithombo, i-encephalitis ibizwa nge-piroplasmosis futhi okuphambene nalokho. Eqinisweni, lezi yizifo ezahlukahlukene, ezifanayo kuphela ngesimo sokwenzekayo (esithathelwanayo) nobunzima besifundo.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Lokhu kufaka phakathi izixazululo ze-acaricidal (amaconsi nezifutho), kanye namakhola we-antiparasitic kanye nomuthi wokugoma.
Amaconsi nezifutho
Umphumela womuthi wehla nsuku zonke, kusukela kumzuzu usetshenziswa koboya: kuyanconywa ukuwucubungula ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, akekho umkhiqizi onikeza isiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokuvikelwa ekuncelweni kwegazi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi:
- ngezinwele ezinde, uzodinga isifutho esivikelayo esiphindwe kabili;
- Ngokungafani namaconsi ekubuneni, isifutho sisebenza kuwo wonke umzimba, kufaka phakathi ikhanda, amakhwapha, izidladla, ngemuva kwezindlebe nokububula;
- ngokugeza njalo, ukwelashwa okulwa ne-antiparasitic kwenziwa kaningi.
Xhumana nokungezwani komzimba nenja entweni esebenzayo yesifutho / amaconsi akunqatshelwe.
Amakhola
Akuvunyelwe ukuwagqoka ezinja ezikhulelwe, ezincelisayo, nezinja ezibuthakathaka kanye nemidlwane (izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-2). Amakhola we-Beafar avunyelwe kuphela ezilwaneni ezineminyaka engama-50 ubudala (nangaphezulu). Imikhiqizo yepulasitiki kwesinye isikhathi ibangela ukucasuka kwasendaweni lapho ihlangana nesikhumba entanyeni.
Amaribhoni wezintambo (iBolfo, iKiltiks, iHarz) asebenza izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-7 futhi agcwele izinto ezizungeze ama-tetrapod ngekhethini elixoshayo, futhi asatshalaliswa phezu kwe-epidermis noboya. Ikhola alinakususwa futhi kufanele liguqulwe kaningi uma inja ithanda izinqubo zamanzi.
Okubalulekile! Awukwazi ukusebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuvikela ngasikhathi sinye: akwaziwa ukuthi izinto zazo ezisebenzayo zizoxhumana kanjani nezinye. Kokubili ukungezwani komzimba nobuthi benja yakho kungenzeka.
Umuthi wokugoma
Isidakamizwa saseFrance iPirodog (ukusebenza kahle okungu-76-80%) senzelwe ukuvikela i-piroplasmosis futhi sijojowe kabili ngekhefu lamaviki angu-3-4. Ukufaka umuthi kabusha kwenziwa ngemuva konyaka noma izinyanga eziyisithupha, uma kunemikhaza eminingi endaweni.
Umjovo ungasiqala kabusha lesi sifo esilwaneni esake sathola i-piroplasmosis phambilini... I-Pirodog ingahlanganiswa nemigomo yokulwa namarabi kanye ne-leptospirosis, kepha hhayi nabanye. Akuvunyelwe ukugoma imidlwane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezinhlanu ubudala kanye namazinyane akhulelwe.
Ingabe imikhaza yenja iyingozi kubantu?
Izifo ezibangelwa imikhaza azidluliswa izinja ziye kubantu, kepha umuntu angathatha amagciwane ezifo ze-canine (borreliosis, bartonellosis, ehrlichiosis nezinye) ngokumane asuse umkhaza.
Kungakho odokotela bezilwane bengakhathali ukukukhumbuza ngokuqapha okuyisisekelo - ukusetshenziswa okuyimpoqo kwamagilavu ezokwelapha.
