Impisi yokugcina yaseTasmania yafa e-Australia eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-80 eyedlule, yize abantu besikhathi sethu bevela ngezikhathi ezithile, bethi isilo esivelele siyaphila futhi basibona ngamehlo abo.
Incazelo nokubukeka
Isidumbu esingasekho sinamagama amathathu - impisi eyi-marsupial, i-thylacin (evela ku-Latin Thylacinus cynocephalus) kanye ne-Tasmanian wolf. Isidlaliso sokugcina asikweleta umDashi u-Abel Tasman: waqala wabona isilwane esincelisayo esingajwayelekile ngo-1642... Kwathi esiqhingini, okuyinto itilosi uqobo ngokuthi ezweni Vandimenovaya. Kamuva yabizwa ngokuthi iTasmania.
UTasman uzilinganisele ekusingatheni umhlangano ne-thylacine, incazelo eningiliziwe eyanikezwa ngo-1808 isazi semvelo uJonathan Harris. "Inja kaMarsupial" ukuhunyushwa kwegama elejwayelekile elithi Thylacinus, elinikezwe impisi ye-marsupial. Wayethathwa njengesidlakudla esikhulu kunazo zonke ezidalwa yi-marsupial, emelene ngokungemuva kwawo ku-anatomy nosayizi womzimba. Impisi yayinesisindo esingama-20-25 kg ngobude obungu-60 cm, ubude bomzimba bungu-1-1.3 m (kucatshangelwa umsila - kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-1.8 m).
Abakholoni abavumelani ngokuthi singabizwa kanjani isidalwa esingajwayelekile, besibiza ngokuhlukile ngokuthi impisi, ihlosi, inja, ikati lehlosi, impisi, idube, noma impisi nje. Ukungafani bekuzwakala kahle: ingaphandle nemikhuba yesilwane esihlanganisa izilwane kuhlanganisa izici zezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukhakhayi lwayo lwalufana nolwezinja, kodwa umlomo walo ovulekile wavula ukuze umhlathi ongaphezulu nangaphansi uphenduke umugqa ocishe uqonde. Ayikho inja emhlabeni eyenza iqhinga elifana naleli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thylacine yayinkulu kunenja ejwayelekile. Imisindo eyenziwe yi-thylacine esimweni esijabulisayo futhi yamenza wahlobene nezinja: zazifana kakhulu nokukhonkotha kwenja yasemanzini, ngasikhathi sinye isithulu nokuncinza.
Kungabizwa ngokuthi i-tiger kangaroo ngenxa yokuhleleka kwezitho zangemuva ezavumela impisi ye-marsupial ukuthi iphume (njenge-kangaroo ejwayelekile) ngezithende zayo.
I-Thylacin yayinhle njengesihlava ekukhuphukeni kwesihlahla, futhi imivimbo esikhunjeni sayo yayifana nengwe ngokweqile. Kwakunemivimbo engu-12-19 emnyama ensundu ngemuva kwesihlabathi ngemuva, emsileni nasemilenzeni yangemuva.
Ihlala kuphi impisi marsupial?
Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30 eyedlule, i-thylacine yayihlala hhayi e-Australia naseTasmania kuphela, kodwa naseNingizimu Melika futhi, mhlawumbe nase-Antarctica. ENingizimu Melika, izimpisi ze-marsupial (ngephutha lezimpungushe nama-coyotes) zanyamalala eminyakeni eyi-7-8 yezigidi edlule, e-Australia - cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezi-3-1.5 edlule. I-Thylacin ishiye izwe lase-Australia kanye nesiqhingi saseNew Guinea ngenxa yezinja ze-dingo ezingeniswe zisuka eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Impisi yaseTasmania egxilile esiqhingini saseTasmania, lapho ama-dingoes engazange aphazamisane nayo (babengekho)... Umzingeli wazizwa emuhle lapha kwaze kwaba ngama-30s wekhulu elidlule, lapho kwathiwa ungumqedeli omkhulu wezimvu zasepulazini futhi waqala ukusibulala. Ngekhanda lempisi ngayinye ye-marsupial, umzingeli uthole ibhonasi kuziphathimandla (£ 5).
Kuyathakazelisa! Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngemuva kokuhlola amathambo e-thylacin, ososayensi bafika esiphethweni sokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukumbeka icala ngokubulala izimvu: imihlathi yakhe ibibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ingabhekana nempango enkulu kangaka.
Yiba noma kanjani, ngenxa yabantu, impisi yaseTasmania yaphoqeleka ukuba ishiye izindawo zayo ezijwayelekile (amathafa anotshani namaphoyisa), ithuthela emahlathini nasezintabeni eziminyene. Lapha wathola isiphephelo emigodini yezihlahla ezazigawuliwe, emifantwini enamadwala nasemigodini engaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla.
Indlela yokuphila yempisi yaseTasmanian
Njengoba kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu, ukuhaha kwegazi nobudlova bempisi ye-marsupial kwakweqiswa kakhulu. Isilo sasincamela ukuhlala sodwa, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ezihlangana nezinkampani zabazalwa ukuba babambe iqhaza ekuzingeleni... Wayekhuthele kakhulu ebumnyameni, kodwa emini wayethanda ukuveza izinhlangothi zakhe emisebeni yelanga ukuze afudumale.
Emini, i-thylacin yayihlala endaweni yokukhosela futhi yahamba ngokuzingela ebusuku kuphela: ofakazi bokuzibonela bathi izidumbu zitholakale zilele emigodini etholakala phansi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-4-5.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zabala ukuthi inkathi yokuzalanisa yabantu abavuthiwe kungenzeka ukuthi yaqala ngoDisemba-Febhuwari, njengoba inzalo yavela eduze nentwasahlobo. Impisi ayizange iphathe imidlwane yesikhathi esizayo isikhathi eside, cishe izinsuku ezingama-35, ibeletha amawundlu angama-2-4 angakhuli kahle, aphuma esikhwameni sikamama ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2.5-3.
Kuyathakazelisa!Impisi yaseTasmania ingahlala ekuthunjweni, kepha ayizalanga kuyo. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sempilo ye-thylacin in vitro silinganiselwe eminyakeni eyi-8.
Isikhwama lapho imidlwane ibibekwe khona bekuyisikhwama esikhulu esiswini esakhiwe yigoqo lesikhumba. Isitsha savuleka sabuya: lobu buqili bevimbela utshani, amahlamvu nokusika okuba khona ukungena ngaphakathi lapho impisi egijima. Ukushiya isikhwama sikamama, amawundlu awamshiyanga unina aze abe nezinyanga eziyi-9 ubudala.
Ukudla, inyamazane ye-marsupial wolf
Umhlaseli wayevame ukufakwa ezilwaneni zemenyu engakwazi ukuphuma ezingibeni. Akazange azidelele izinkukhu, ezazifuyelwa eziningi ngabahlali.
Kepha ama-vertebrate asemhlabeni (aphakathi nendawo amancane) akhonze ekudleni kwakhe, njenge:
- ama-marsupials aphakathi nendawo, kufaka phakathi ama-kangaroo ezihlahla;
- izimpaphe;
- i-echidna;
- izibankwa.
I-Thylacin idelele isidumbu, ikhetha inyamazane ebukhoma... Ukunganakwa kwesidumbu kuphinde kwavezwa ngeqiniso lokuthi, ngemuva kokudla, impisi yaseTasmania yaphonsa isisulu esingaqediwe (esasetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, yi-marsupial martens). Ngendlela, ama-thylacins akhombise kaningi ukungahambisani kwawo nokudla okusha ema-zoo, enqaba ukudla inyama elahlekile.
Kuze kube manje, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ziphikisana ngokuthi umhlaseli wakuthola kanjani ukudla. Abanye bathi i-thylacine ibizoziphonsa kumuntu ohlaselwe ilale bese iluma isisekelo sogebhezi lwayo (njengekati). Abasekeli balo mbono bathi impisi yagijima kabi, ngezikhathi ezithile yeqa ngemilenze yayo yangemuva futhi yagcina ibhalansi nomsila wayo onamandla.
Abaphikisi babo bayaqiniseka ukuthi izimpisi zaseTasmania azizange zihlale ziqamekele futhi azizange zisabise inyamazane ngokubonakala kwazo okungazelelwe. Laba bacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-thylacine ngokulandela indlela kodwa iphikelela ngokulandela isisulu yaze yaphela amandla.
Izitha zemvelo
Eminyakeni edlule, imininingwane ngezitha zemvelo zempisi yaseTasmania ilahlekile. Izitha ezingaqondile zingabhekwa njengezilwane ezincelisayo (izilwane ezivundile kakhulu futhi zivumelaniswe nempilo), okuthe kancane "zaxosha" ama-thylacins avela ezindaweni ezihlala abantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Impisi encane yaseTasmania ingahlula kalula iphakethe lezinja elikhulu kunalo. Impisi ye-marsupial yasizwa ukuhamba kwayo ngendlela emangalisayo, ukuphendula okuhle kakhulu kanye nokukwazi ukuletha ukushaya okubulalayo ngokugxuma.
Inzalo yezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla inyama kusukela kumzuzu wokuqala wokuzalwa ithuthuke kakhulu kunama-marsupials amancane. Lezi zinsuku zizalwa "ngaphambi kwesikhathi", futhi izinga lokufa kwezinsana phakathi kwabo liphakeme kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi inani lama-marsupial likhula kancane kakhulu. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, ama-thylacins ahluleka ukuncintisana nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengezimpungushe, ama-coyotes nezinja ze-dingo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Abadliwayo baqala ukufa bebaningi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, sebetheleleke ngohlupho lwe-canine oluvela ezinjeni ezifuywayo ezilethwe eTasmania, kwathi ngo-1914 izimpisi ezimbalwa zasinda ezizulazula esiqhingini.
Ngo-1928, iziphathimandla, ngenkathi zidlulisa umthetho wokuvikelwa kwezilwane, azizange zikubone kunesidingo ukubeka impisi yaseTasmania ohlwini lwezinto ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, kwathi entwasahlobo ka-1930, i-thylacin yokugcina yasendle yabulawa kulesi siqhingi. Futhi ekwindla ka-1936, impisi yokugcina ye-marsupial eyayihlala ekuthunjweni yashiya umhlaba. Lo mhlaseli, obizwa ngeBenji, kwakuyindawo yezilwane eziseHobart, e-Australia.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kusukela ngoMashi 2005, umklomelo we-Australia $ 1.25 million ulindele iqhawe lakhe. Leli nani (elithenjiswe ngumagazini wase-Australia i-Bulletin) lizokhokhwa kunoma ngubani ozobamba futhi ahlinzeke umhlaba ngempisi ephilayo ye-marsupial.
Akukacaci ukuthi yiziphi izisusa izikhulu zase-Australia ezaziqondiswa ngazo ngenkathi zamukela idokhumende evimbela ukuzingelwa kwezimpisi zaseTasmania 2 (!) Eminyakeni edlule ngemuva kokushona kommeleli wokugcina walolu hlobo. Ukudalwa ngo-1966 kwesiqiwi esikhethekile esiqokiwe (esinendawo engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-647), esenzelwe ukuzalanisa impisi engekho marsupial, kubukeka sengathi akunangqondo.
