Ibhere le-Grizzly, elivela kubhele lesiNgisi i-Grizzly noma ibhere elimpunga, lisho igama elibhekisa kumuntu oyedwa noma abaningi baseMelika bebhere elinsundu. Lesi ngesinye sezilwane ezinkulu futhi eziyingozi kakhulu ezizingelayo ezihlala emhlabeni wethu njengamanje.
Incazelo nokubukeka
Ibhere eli-grizzly liyisilo sasendle esinehlathi elikhulu ngosayizi omkhulu futhi sinesimo esinolaka ngokweqile, okwenze ukuthi lube ngolunye lwezinhlobo ezinonya nolomele igazi lezilwane ezidlayo. Igama lesayensi lamabhere ama-grizzly yi-horribilis, okusho ukuthi "kubi noma kubi".
Ukubukeka kwangaphandle
Ama-Grizzlies abonakala ngomzimba omkhulu kakhulu. Isici esihlukile sebhere le-grizzly limelwe ngozipho olude, olungu-15-16 cm, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaseli akakwazi ngokuphelele ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni, kepha uzingela ngokuphelele isisulu saso. Uzipho lunomumo oyindilinga kanye nokugoba okugoqekile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Hhayi abantu abadala kuphela, kepha nabantu abasha bahlukaniswa imihlathi enamandla kakhulu futhi ethuthuke kahle, ebavumela ukuba bazingele inyamazane enkulu kakhulu.
Ngokwesakhiwo somzimba, nangokubukeka, ibhere elinjalo licishe lifane nebhere elinsundu, kepha likhudlwana futhi lisinda, liqinile futhi ngasikhathi sinye liqinile ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngokungafani namabhere ase-Eurasia, amabhere aseNyakatho Melika anokhakhayi oluphansi, amathambo emakhaleni akhule kahle kanye nebunzi elibanzi, eliqondile.
Umsila ufushane ngokuphawulekayo. Ngenkathi yokuhamba, amabhere amadala anyakaza kakhulu futhi ajikisa umzimba womzimba wawo ngokujwayelekile.
Ubukhulu be-grizzly bear
Ukuphakama kwesilwane esimi emilenzeni yaso yangemuva cishe kungamamitha ayi-2.5 ngesisindo esingu-380-410 kg. Ingxenye yentamo ine-hump enamandla kakhulu, enikeza isilwane amandla amakhulu. Ngokushaya okukodwa kwezidladla zangaphambili, ibhere elidala liyakwazi ukubulala ngisho nendololwane yasendle enkulu ngokwanele noma isihlobo salo esincane noma esibuthakathaka.
Okubalulekile!Ibhere elikhulu kunawo wonke le-grizzly lamukelwa njengeliduna elalihlala esiqeshini sasogwini futhi lalinobunzima obungu-680 kg. Ukuphakama kwayo lapho iphakamisa imilenze yayo yangemuva kwafinyelela kumamitha amathathu, nokuphakama kwebhande lehlombe kwaba imitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Izihlobo eziseduze zama-grizzlies ngamabhere ajwayelekile ansundu.... Izindlebe zesilwane zinomumo oyindilinga ophakanyisiwe. Izilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini zikhulu kakhulu kunabantu abahlala ezwekazini elijulile. Uma isisindo esimaphakathi sowesilisa wezwe cishe siyi-270-275 kg, khona-ke abantu abangasogwini bangaba nesisindo sama-400 kg noma ngaphezulu.
Umbala wesikhumba
Amahlombe, intamo nesisu sebhere eli-grizzly kumbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu obansundu, kepha emaphethelweni kukhona umbala okhanyayo, okunikeza ijazi umbala othambile ompunga. Kungenxa yalo mthunzi ukuthi ukubukeka kwaqanjwa ngegama layo ngokuthi i-grizzly, okusho ukuthi "mpunga noma mpunga".
Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhere ansundu avame kakhulu, ijazi le-grizzly linentuthuko eqinile, ayigcini nje ngokuba yinde, kepha futhi iyabhibha kakhulu, ngakho-ke igcina ukushisa kahle.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila samabhere ama-grizzly asendle ezimweni eziningi sincike endaweni ahlala kuyo nasekudleni kwawo.... Ezimweni eziningi, isilwane esincelisayo esidlayo asihlali isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwengxenye yesine yekhulu endle, neminyaka engaphezudlwana kwamashumi amathathu uma sigcinwe kahle ekuthunjweni.
Ihlala kuphi ibhere eli-grizzly?
Inani le-grizzly lehle kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho kwaba nokudubula okukhulu komzingeli ngabalimi bevikela imfuyo yabo ekuhlaselweni amabhere.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwemvelo kwamabhere anama-grizzly kube nezinguquko ezithile ezinkulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, lesi silwane sisatholakala kakhulu entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, nangaphandle kwamazwe aseningizimu, kusuka eNyakatho Dakota noma eMissouri. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, indawo yokusabalalisa ifinyelela eBritish Columbia nase-Alaska.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Bear
Amabhere we-Grizzly aya ebusika njalo ngonyaka, angahlala cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuze silungiselele ukulala ubusika bonke, isilwane esidlayo sisebenzisa inani elikhulu lokudla okunomsoco, ngemuva kwalokho sihlala emgodini.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngaphambi kokuya ebusika, isilwane esikhulile sithola isilinganiso samafutha angaba ngu-180-200 kg.
Ngenqubo yokulala ubusika, isilwane asidli futhi asihlangabezani nezidingo zemvelo. Amabhere amaduna ama-grizzly aphuma ebusika lapho kuzalwa khona maphakathi no-Mashi, bese kuthi abesifazane bahambe kancane - ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi.
Ibhere le-Grizzly lokudla nokuzingela
Ibhere le-grizzly lizingela, njengomthetho, ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezinkulu noma eziphakathi nendawo. U-Elk, kanye nezinyamazane nezinqama kuvame ukuba yizisulu zamabhere adlayo.
Ingxenye enkulu yokudla izinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-salmon ne-trout. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinyoni zasendle zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene namaqanda azo, kanye namagundane ahlukahlukene adliwa ngamabhere.
Njengoba isitshalo sokudla i-grizzly sikhetha ukusebenzisa amantongomane kaphayini, izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zama-tuber namajikijolo... Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwe-grizzly yinyama, ngakho-ke umhlaseli angazingela izilwane ezinjengezimbila, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, ulamula kanye nama-voles. Izisulu ezinkulu kakhulu zama-grizzlies yizinyathi kanye ne-elk, kanye nezidumbu zemikhomo, amabhubesi olwandle nezimpawu eziphonswe endaweni esogwini.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukwanelisa uju lwezinyosi zasendle, i-grizzly ishaya kalula isihlahla esidala, ngemuva kwalokho isonakalisa ngokuphelele isidleke sezinambuzane.
Cishe ikota yesithathu yokudla kungukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni njengama-blueberries, amajikijolo, ama-raspberries nama-cranberries. Ngemuva kokunyamalala kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, amabhere enza ukungena emasimini ngemidumba ehlukahlukene. Eminyakeni elambile kakhulu, isilwane sisondela ekhaya lomuntu, lapho imfuyo ingaba isisulu sayo. Indawo yokulahla udoti yokudla etholakala eduze nezindawo zokuvakasha zabavakashi kanye namatende nakho kungaheha izilwane zasendle.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana samabhere ampunga noma ama-grizzlies ngokuvamile senzeka ngoJuni.... Kungalesi sikhathi lapho abesilisa bekwazi ukuhogela abesifazane noma ibanga elide kakhulu, elifinyelela kumakhilomitha ambalwa. Kuma-grizzlies ahlala isikhathi esingeqile ezinsukwini eziyishumi, ngemuva kwalokho abuyela endleleni yokuphila eyedwa esevele ijwayele lolu hlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngeshwa, akuwona wonke amawundlu akwazi ukusinda futhi akhule. Kwesinye isikhathi izingane ziba yizisulu ezilula zama-grizzlies amadala abantu besilisa abalambile nezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-250 ukuthi owesifazane azale abantwana, emva kwalokho kuzalwa amawundlu amabili noma amathathu ngoJanuwari-Febhuwari. Isisindo esimaphakathi sebhere elisanda kuzalwa, njengomthetho, alidluli ku-410-710 g. Amawundlu ama-Grizzly azalwa nje kuphela enqunu, kodwa futhi angaboni, futhi futhi awanamazinyo ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, ukondla ezinyangeni zokuqala kumelwa kuphela ubisi lukamama.
Isikhathi sokuqala lapho amawundlu ephumela emoyeni omusha ukusuka emgodini kuphela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho owesifazane eqala ukujwayela inzalo yakhe kancane kancane ekudleni kokuzifunela.
Ngokusondela kwe-snap ebandayo, ibhere namawundlu aqala ukufuna umhume omusha, ovulekile ngokwengeziwe. Amawundlu azimela kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, lapho esekwazi ukuzitholela ukudla okwanele. Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi kuphela lapho beneminyaka emithathu ubudala, nabesilisa cishe ngonyaka. Isilwane esikhulile sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo yezinhlobo, sihlangana ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isici se-grizzly yikhono lokuxubana nabantu ngamabhere ajwayelekile we-polar, ngenxa yalokho kuvela inzalo evundile. Ama-nzalo anjalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-polar grizzlies.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Njengamanje, ama-grizzlies avikelekile, ngakho-ke indawo yawo yokuhlala enkulu imelwe amapaki kazwelonke eMelika. Inani elithile labantu lihlala emapaki aseYellowstone naseMount McKinley, kanye naseGlacier parkland, lapho kuhlala khona ama-grizzlies kwezinye izifundazwe.
Inani elincane lezilwane zasendle lasinda ezwenikazi iMelika, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeWashington naseIdaho. Inani eliphelele lamabhere e-grizzly namuhla cishe lalingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu.... Kanye njalo eminyakeni emine, kuvunyelwe ukuzingelwa kwalesi silwane esesabekayo e-Alaska.
Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi nezazi zezilwane ezidumile, umuntu ngokwakhe kufanele asolwe ngengxenye enkulu yakho konke ukuhlangana namabhere anama-grizzly. Endle, amabhere azama njalo ukweqa abantu, ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngemithetho yokuziphatha, umuntu akudingeki ahlangane nomzingeli onxanelwe igazi.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kukho konke ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuvilapha, isilwane sasendle esikhulile esinolaka siyakwazi ukugijima cishe amamitha ayikhulu ngejubane lehhashi eligijimayo, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukubalekela kumzingeli onjalo.
