Ibhere elinsundu noma elijwayelekile, yisilwane esincelisayo esidlayo esivela emndenini webhere. Ingesinye sezilwane ezidla umhlaba ezinkulukazi futhi eziyingozi kakhulu. Kukhona cishe ama-subspecies angamashumi amabili ebhere elinsundu, ahluke ngokubukeka nokusatshalaliswa.
Incazelo nokubukeka
Ukuvela kwebhere elinsundu kuyinto ejwayelekile kubo bonke abamele umndeni webhere. Umzimba wesilwane ukhule kahle futhi unamandla.
Ukubukeka kwangaphandle
Kukhona ukubuna okuphezulu, kanye nekhanda elikhulukazi elinezindlebe namehlo amancane. Ubude bomsila omfushane buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-6.5-21.0 cm.Izidladla ziqinile impela futhi zithuthuke kahle, ngezinzipho ezinamandla nezingabuyiseki. Izinyawo zibanzi kakhulu, zinezinzwane ezinhlanu.
Ubukhulu bebhere elinsundu
Ubude besilinganiso sebhere elinsundu elihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu, njengomthetho, cishe liyisigamu esisodwa nengxenye kuya kwamabili ngesisindo somzimba ebangeni lama-135-250 kg. Abantu abahlala endaweni emaphakathi yezwe lethu bancane ngosayizi futhi bangaba nesisindo esingama-100-120 kg. Amakhulu kunawo wonke amabhere nama-grizzlies aseMpumalanga Ekude, avame ukufika kumamitha amathathu ngosayizi.
Umbala wesikhumba
Umbala webhere onsundu uyahlukahluka... Umehluko kumbala wesikhumba uncike endaweni yokuhlala, futhi umbala woboya ungasuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala onsundu uthathwa njengokujwayelekile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isici sebhere le-grizzly ubukhona bezinwele ezinemikhawulo emhlophe ngemuva, ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo lwempunga lukhona engubeni. Abantu abanombala ompunga ngokumhlophe batholakala kumaHimalaya. Izilwane ezinombala woboya obomvu ngokubomvu zihlala eSyria.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isilinganiso sokuphila sebhere elinsundu cishe siyiminyaka engamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu. Ekuthunjweni, lolu hlobo lungaphila iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Abantu abavamile bahlala ezimweni zemvelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
Ama-subspecies amabhere ansundu
Uhlobo lwebhere elinsundu lubandakanya ama-subspecies amaningana noma izinhlanga ezibizwa ngokuma komhlaba, ezihlukile ngosayizi nombala.
Ama-subspecies ajwayelekile kakhulu:
- Ibhere elinsundu laseYurophu elinobude bomzimba obungu-150-250 cm, ubude bomsila obungu-5-15 cm, ukuphakama kubuna ngo-90-110 cm kanye nesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-150-300 kg... Ama-subspecies amakhulu anomzimba onamandla kanye ne-hump evelele ekubuneni. Imibala ejwayelekile yombala kusuka kokukhanyayo okumpunga ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama ngokunsundu okumnyama. Uboya bukhulu, bude impela;
- Ibhere elinsundu laseCaucasus elinobude obumaphakathi bomzimba obungu-185-215 cm nesisindo somzimba esingu-120-240 kg... Ijazi limfushane, limahhadlahhadla, linombala ophakeme kunowezinhlayiya zase-Eurasia. Ububanzi bombala busuka kumbala wotshani obuphaphathekile kuya kumbala ofanayo ompunga ngokunsundu. Kukhona indawo emenyezelwe, enkulu enombala omnyama lapho ibuna;
- Ibhere elinsundu laseMpumalanga yeSiberia elinesisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-330-350 kg nosayizi omkhulu wogebhezi... Uboya bude, buthambile futhi buminyene, bunes sheen esishiwoyo. Ijazi linsundu ngokukhanyayo noma onsundu ngokugqamile noma onsundu ngokumnyama. Abanye abantu babonakala ngokuba khona ngombala wemibala ebonakalayo ephuzi futhi emnyama;
- Ussuri noma ibhere elinsundu lase-Amur... Ezweni lakithi, lezi zinsikazi zaziwa njenge-grizzly emnyama. Isisindo somzimba sowesilisa osekhulile singahluka phakathi kwama-350-450 kg. Ama-subspecies abonakala ngokuba khona kogebhezi olukhulu futhi oluthuthukiswe kahle olunengxenye ende yamakhala. Isikhumba sicishe sibe mnyama. Isici esihlukile ukuba khona kwezinwele ezinde ezindlebeni.
Enye yama-subspecies amakhulu kunawo wonke ezweni lethu yibhere elinsundu laseMpumalanga Ekude noma laseKamchatka, isisindo somzimba esijwayelekile esivame ukudlula ama-450-500 kg. Abantu abadala abakhulu banokhakhayi olukhulu nolukhulu nekhanda langaphambili elibanzi. Uboya bude, buminyene futhi buthambile, bunombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo, onsundu onsundu noma umbala omnyama ngokuphelele.
Indawo lapho kuhlala ibhere elinsundu
Indawo yokwabiwa kwemvelo yamabhere ansundu ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule. Phambilini, ama-subspecies ayetholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezisukela eNgilandi ziye eziQhingini zaseJapan, kanye nase-Alaska ziye enkabeni yeMexico.
Namuhla, ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamabhere ansundu nokuxoshwa kwawo ezindaweni ezinabantu, amaqembu amaningi kakhulu omzingeli alotshwe kuphela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeCanada, nase-Alaska nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezwe lethu.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Bear
Isikhathi somsebenzi wesilwane siwela kusihlwa, ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa. Ibhere elinsundu yisilwane esibucayi kakhulu, esigxila esikhaleni ikakhulukazi ngosizo lokuzwa nokunuka. Ukungaboni kahle kuyisici. Yize zinobukhulu obumangazayo nesisindo somzimba esikhulu, amabhere ansundu cishe athule, ashesha futhi kulula kakhulu ukuhambisa izilwane ezizingelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ijubane lokugijima elijwayelekile ngu-55-60 km / h. Amabhele abhukuda kahle ngokwanele, kepha ayakwazi ukuhamba ngobunzima obukhulu kwikhava elijulile leqhwa.
Amabhere ansundu ayingxenye yesilwane esihlala phansi, kepha izilwane ezincane ezihlukaniswe nomndeni ziyakwazi ukuzulazula futhi zifune umlingani ngenkuthalo. Amabhere amaka futhi avikele imingcele yendawo yawo... Ehlobo, amabhere ahlala ngqo emhlabathini, ahlala phakathi kwama-forbs nezitshalo eziphansi ze-shrub. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, isilwane siqala ukuzilungiselela isiphephelo sasebusika esithembekile.
Ukudla nempango yebhere elinsundu
Amabhere ansundu ayizidlakudla, kepha isisekelo sokudla izitshalo, ezimelwe amajikijolo, ama-acorn, amantongomane, izimpande, izilimo eziyizigaxa neziqu zezitshalo. Eminyakeni emincane, ama-oats nommbila yizinto ezinhle ezingathatha indawo yamajikijolo. Futhi, ukudla komzingeli kubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ezimelwe izintuthwane, izibungu, izibankwa, amaxoxo, insimu namagundane asehlathini.
Izilwane ezinkulu ezindala ziyakwazi ukuhlasela ama-artiodactyls amancane. Izinyamazane ze-Roe, izinyamazane ze-fallow, izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle kanye ne-elk zingaba yisisulu. Ibhere elidala elinsundu lingahlephula udonga lwenyamazane yalo ngesishayo esisodwa ngezidladla zalo, ngemuva kwalokho liyigcwalise nge-brushwood bese liyivikela kuze kube yilapho isidumbu sesidliwe ngokuphelele. Eduze nezindawo zamanzi, ezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwamabhere ansundu zizingela izimvu zamanzi, izinhlanzi nezimpawu.
Ama-Grizzlies ayakwazi ukuhlasela amabhere e-baribal futhi athathe inyamazane ezilwaneni ezincane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kungakhathaliseki ubudala, amabhere ansundu anenkumbulo enhle kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zasendle ziyakwazi ukubamba ngekhanda kalula izindawo zamakhowe noma amajikijolo, futhi zisheshe zithole indlela yazo.
Isisekelo sokudla kwebhere elinsundu laseMpumalanga Ekude ehlobo nasekwindla yi-salmon ezozala. Eminyakeni eyondile futhi engenakho ukudla okwanele, isilwane esikhulu esidla inyama singakwazi ukuhlasela ngisho nezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nokudla kwemfuyo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sebhere elinsundu sithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi siqala ngoMeyi lapho abesilisa belwa izimpi ezinamandla. Izinsikazi zikhwelana nabesilisa abaningi abadala ngasikhathi sinye. Ukukhulelwa okufihliwe kuqukethe ukukhula kombungu kuphela ngesikhathi sesilwane sokulala. Insikazi izala amawundlu cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili... Izimpumputhe nezithulu, zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele futhi zimbozwe izinwele ezigqamile, amawundlu azalwa emgodini. Njengomthetho, owesifazane uzala izingane ezimbili noma ezintathu, ubude bazo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa abudluli ikota yemitha futhi bunesisindo esingu-450-500 g.
Kuyathakazelisa! Emgodini, amawundlu adla ubisi futhi akhule aze afike ezinyangeni ezintathu, emva kwalokho akhula amazinyo obisi futhi akwazi ukuzondla amajikijolo, izimila nezinambuzane ngokwawo. Noma kunjalo, amabhere anceliswa ibele isikhathi esingangonyaka nohhafu noma ngaphezulu.
Akukhona kuphela owesifazane onakekela inzalo, kodwa futhi nendodakazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-pestun, eyavela kudoti wangaphambilini. Eduze kwesifazane, amawundlu aphila cishe iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine, ngaphambi kokuthomba. Owesifazane uthola inzalo, njengomthetho, njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
I-brown bear hibernation
Ukulala kwebhere elinsundu kuhluke ngokuphelele esikhathini sokulala ubusika ngendlela ejwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngesikhathi sokulala ubusika bonke, izinga lokushisa komzimba webhere elinsundu, izinga lokuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo cishe akushintshi. Ibhere aliweli esimweni sokuba ndikindiki okuphelele, futhi ezinsukwini zokuqala liyalala kuphela.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlaseli ulalela ngokucophelela futhi aphendule engozini encane ngokushiya umgodi. Ebusika obufudumele obuneqhwa elincane, nenani elikhulu lokudla, amanye amaduna awafihli ubusika bonke. Ukulala kwenzeka kuphela lapho kuqala isithwathwa esibi futhi kungahlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwenyanga... Ephusheni, kusetshenziswa izinqolobane zamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba, abekade eqoqiwe ehlobo nasekwindla.
Kuzoba mnandi: Kungani amabhere alala ebusika
Ukulungiselela ukulala
Izindawo zokuhlala zasebusika zixazululwa ngabantu abadala ezindaweni eziphephile, eziqhelile nezomile, ngaphansi komoya noma izimpande zesihlahla esiwile. Umzingeli uyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela emgodini ojulile emhlabathini noma angene emigedeni yezintaba nasemifantwini enamadwala. Amabhere ansundu akhulelwe azama ukuzihlomisela wona kanye nenzalo yawo umgodi ojulile futhi ovulekile, ofudumele, obese ugoqelwa ngaphakathi nge-moss, amagatsha e-spruce namaqabunga awile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Amabhantshi ebhere eligcweleyo ahlala njalo ebusika nonina. Amawundlu kaLonchak wonyaka wesibili wokuphila angajoyina inkampani enjalo.
Zonke izidalwa ezindala nezihlala zodwa zilala ngamunye ngamunye. Okuhlukile ngabantu abahlala endaweni yaseSakhalin naseziQhingini zaseKuril. Lapha, ukubakhona kwabantu abadala abaningi emgodini owodwa kuvame ukubonwa.
Isikhathi se-Hibernation
Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu nezinye izinto, amabhere ansundu angaba semgodini wawo izinyanga ezingafika kweziyisithupha. Isikhathi lapho ibhere lilele khona emgodini, kanye nesikhathi sokulala ubusika uqobo, kungaxhomeka ezimweni ezibekwe yizimo zezulu, isivuno sesisekelo sokudla okunamafutha, ubulili, imingcele yobudala kanye nesimo somzimba sesilwane.
Kuyathakazelisa!Isilwane esidala sasendle esikhule kakhulu esinamafutha singena ebusika busheshe kakhulu, ngisho nangaphambi kokuwa kwekhava elikhulu leqhwa, kanti abantu abancane nabangondli kahle balala emgodini ngoNovemba-Disemba.
Isikhathi sokulala siqhubeka ngaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bangabokuqala ebusika. Ekugcineni, izidleke zihlala abesilisa abadala. Indawo efanayo yokulala ubusika ingasetshenziswa ibhere elinsundu iminyaka eminingana.
Ama-Crank Bears
Induku yokuxhuma iyibhere elinsundu ebengenaso isikhathi sokuqongelela inani elanele lamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, alikwazi ukungena ebusika. Enkambisweni yokufuna noma yikuphi ukudla, isilwane esinjalo esikwaziyo ukuzula sizungeze indawo yonke ebusika. Njengomthetho, ibhere elinsundu elinjalo lihamba ngokungaqinisekile, linokubukeka oku-shabby futhi okuphelile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Lapho ubhekene nabaphikisi abayingozi, amabhere ansundu akhipha ukubhonga okukhulu kakhulu, ame ngemilenze yabo yangemuva bese uzama ukushaya phansi umphikisi wabo ngokushaya okuqinile kusuka ezinqeni zabo ezingaphambili ezinamandla.
Indlala yenza ukuthi isilo sivame ukuvela eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu... Ibhere elixhumayo lijwayelekile ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezibonakaliswa ubusika obunzima, kufaka phakathi indawo yaseMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia. Ukuhlasela okukhulu kwamabhere enduku okuxhuma kungabonwa ezinkathini ezinciphile, cishe kanye njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Ukuzingela amabhere okuxhuma izinduku akuwona umsebenzi wokudoba, kodwa isilinganiso esiphoqelelwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Amabhere ansundu awekho esigabeni sezilwane ezinenani elikhulu lokuhweba, kepha imvamisa enza njengento yokuzingela ezemidlalo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusetshenziswa izikhumba zamabhere ekwakheni okhaphethi, futhi inyama inikelwa yizindawo zokudlela njengesidlo esimnandi futhi esingajwayelekile.
Bear bile namafutha anezinto zokwelapha. Njengamanje, kunamabhere ansundu angaba yizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili emhlabeni, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwalubalwa njengolusengozini eRed Book.
