Abakholoni bokuqala baseYurophu esiqhingini saseTasmania bezwa ukukhala okwesabekayo kwesilo esingaziwa ebusuku. Ukuhewula kwakwesabisa kakhulu kangangokuba isilwane sabizwa ngeTasmanian marsupial devil noma ngeTasmanian devil. Udeveli we-marsupial utholakala e-Australia futhi ngenkathi ososayensi beqala ukuwuthola, lesi silwane sakhombisa isimo saso esinolaka negama lathi nhla. Indlela yokuphila kasathane waseTasmania kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo avela ku-biography yakhe kuzoxoxwa kabanzi ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo nokubukeka
UDeveli waseTasmania uyisilwane esincelisayo esidlayo. Lona kuphela omele lolu hlobo. Ososayensi bakwazile ukusungula ubudlelwano nempisi ye-marsupial, kepha kunalokho ivezwa kancane.
I-Tasmanian marsupial devil iyisilwane esiphakathi nendawo, esilingana nenja ejwayelekile, okungukuthi, ama-12-15 kilograms... Ukuphakama kokubuna kungamasentimitha angama-24-26, kungabi kangako ngama-30. Ngaphandle, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi lesi yisilwane esixakile ngenxa yemilenze yaso engenamkhawulo nokwakhiwa okugcwele ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, iyisidlakela esiphumelelayo. Lokhu kwenziwa imihlathi enamandla kakhulu, uzipho olunamandla, amehlo akhe abukhali nokuzwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umsila ufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile - uphawu olubalulekile lwempilo yezilwane. Uma imbozwe ngoboya obukhulu futhi obukhulu kakhulu, khona-ke uSasmanian marsupial devil udla kahle futhi unempilo ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane sisisebenzisa njengesihlanganisi samafutha ngezikhathi ezinzima.
Indawo yokuhlala kasathane wemarsupial
Abamele banamuhla besilwane esifana ne-marsupial devil batholakala kuphela endaweni yesiqhingi saseTasmania. Phambilini, uSathane waseTasmania wayesohlwini lwezilwane e-Australia. Cishe eminyakeni engama-600 eyedlule, laba kwakungabantu abajwayelekile, ababehlala ezwekazini lase-Afrika futhi babebaningi impela ngenani.
Ngemuva kokuthi abomdabu belethe izinja ze-dingo, ezazizingela ngenkuthalo udeveli waseTasmania, inani labo labantu lehla. Abahlali abavela eYurophu babengekho kangcono kulezi zilwane. I-Tasmanian marsupial devil yahlala icekela phansi izinkukhu zezinkukhu, futhi yadala nomonakalo omkhulu emapulazini onogwaja. Imvamisa ukuhlasela kwezilwane kwakwenzeka ezimvini ezincane futhi ngokushesha kwamenyezelwa impi yangempela yokuqothulwa kwalesi sigelekeqe esincane esomele igazi.
UDeveli waseTasmania wacishe wahlupheka ngesiphetho sezinye izilwane, aqothulwa ngokuphelele ngumuntu. Kuphela maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukuqedwa kwalolu hlobo lwezilwane olungavamile kwamiswa. Ngo-1941, kwaphasiswa umthetho owawenqabela ukuzingelwa kwalezi zilwane ezizingelayo.... Ngenxa yalokhu, kuze kube manje, kungenzeka ukubuyisela ngempumelelo inani lesilwane esinjengo-marsupial devil.
Ziqaphela ingozi yokusondela kwabantu, izilwane eziqaphile ngokuvamile zihlala ezindaweni okungafinyeleleki kuzo. Bahlala ikakhulu ezingxenyeni ezisenkabeni nasentshonalanga yeTasmania. Zihlala kakhulu emahlathini, emigodini nasemadlelweni aseduze, kanti futhi zenzeka nasezintabeni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
Indlela yokuphila yobusathane yaseTasmania
Udeveli we-marsupial wesilwane uhola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku eyedwa. Ababoshelwe endaweni ethile, ngakho-ke ngokuthula bahlobana nokubonakala kwabantu ongabazi lapho uhlala khona. Emini, njengomthetho, azisebenzi futhi zithanda ukulala emigodini eyakhiwe ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezivela emagatsheni nasemacembe. Uma isimo sivuma futhi ingekho ingozi, bangaphuma baye emoyeni bayozithamela elangeni.
Ngaphezu kwemigodi eyakhiwe ngokuzimela, ingahlala abantu ongabazi noma ishiywe ezinye izilwane. Izingxabano ezivamile phakathi kwezilwane zivela kuphela ngenxa yokudla, ezingafuni ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwazo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhipha ukukhala okubi okwenziwa amakhilomitha amaningana. Ukukhala kukasathane waseTasmania kufanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Le misindo ingaqhathaniswa nokushaywa umoya okuxubene nokuhhewula. Isililo sikadeveli we-marsupial sibukeka sishaqisa futhi siyesabeka ikakhulukazi lapho lezi zilwane zihlangana emhlanjini futhi zinikeza "amakhonsathi" ahlangene.
Ukudla okunomsoco, ukudla okuyisisekelo
I-Tasmanian marsupial devil iyisilwane esinolaka... Uma siqhathanisa amandla okuluma nobukhulu besilwane, khona-ke lesi silwane esincane sizoba yingqwele ngamandla emihlathini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwamaqiniso athakazelisayo ngoDeveli waseTasmania yindlela lesi silwane esizingelwa ngayo: senza isisulu saso singasebenzi ngokuluma umgogodla noma ngokuluma ngogebhezi. Idla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoka, izibankwa, futhi uma inenhlanhla ikakhulukazi ekuzingeleni, bese izinhlanzi ezincane zemifula. Ngaphansi kokudla kwesidumbu, uma isidumbu sesilwane esifile sikhulu, khona-ke izidalwa eziningana ze-marsupial zingahlangana edilini.
Kulokhu, kuqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwezihlobo, okuvame ukufika ekuchithekeni kwegazi nokulimala kanzima.
I-Tasmanian devil kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokudla kwalesi sidlo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lesi yisilwane esiminza kakhulu, esidla ngokungakhethi ngokweqile; ekusithekeni kwaso, ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola injoloba, amadlavu nokunye okungadliwayo. Ngenkathi ezinye izilwane zivame ukudla kusuka ku-5% kuye ku-7% wobunzima besisindo sazo, udeveli waseTasmania angadonsa afike ku-10% ngasikhathi, noma ngisho no-15%. Uma kwenzeka isilwane silambe kakhulu, singadla size sifinyelele kwesigamu sesisindo saso.
Lokhu futhi kuyenza ibe uhlobo lomnikazi werekhodi elincelisayo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Osathane bakaMarsupial bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi ngeminyaka emibili. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto amathathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siseMashi-Ephreli.
Kuyathakazelisa!Kunamaqiniso athakazelisayo ngendlela yokuzalanisa kukasathane waseTasmania. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ubulembu besifazane buzalwa bufinyelela kumawundlu amancane angama-30, ngalinye lilingana necheri enkulu. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, bangena esikhwameni, babambelele ebuswini. Njengoba izinsikazi zinezingono ezine kuphela, akuwona wonke amawundlu ayasinda. Insikazi idla lawo mawundlu ebingakwazi ukusinda, nakhu ukukhethwa kwemvelo kusebenza.
Amantshontsho kasathane waseTasmania azalwa esikhwameni cishe izinyanga ezine. Bayashintsha kusuka ebisini lwebele baye ekudleni kwabantu abadala ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili... Ngaphandle kokuthi isilwane i-marsupial devil singesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo kakhulu, akuzona zonke eziphila ebudaleni, kodwa kuphela ama-40% wezingane, noma ngaphansi kwalokho. Iqiniso ukuthi izilwane ezincane ezingene ebudaleni imvamisa azikwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana endle futhi zibe yizisulu zezinkulu.
Izifo zikademoni marsupial
Isifo esiyinhloko lapho i-animal marsupial devil ihlushwa khona yisisu sobuso. Ngokwososayensi ngo-1999, cishe isigamu sabantu baseTasmania babulawa yilesi sifo. Esigabeni sokuqala, isimila sithinta izindawo ezizungeze umhlathi, bese sisakazeka ebusweni bonke bese sisakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Umsuka waso nokuthi lesi sifo sidluliswa kanjani akwaziwa kahle naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yososayensi.
Kodwa sekuvele kufakazelwe ukuthi ukufa okuvela kulesimila kufinyelela ku-100%. Okuyimpicabadala nakancane kubacwaningi iqiniso lokuthi ngokwezibalo, ubhadane lomdlavuza phakathi kwalezi zilwane luba njalo njalo eminyakeni engama-77.
Isimo sabantu, ukuvikelwa kwezilwane
Ukuthunyelwa kukasathane weTasmanian marsupial phesheya akuvunyelwe. Ngenxa yokwanda kwesibalo sabantu, kubhekwa indaba yokunikeza lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele isimo sokuba sengozini, phambilini bekungezesengozini. Ngenxa yemithetho ephasiswe iziphathimandla zase-Australia naseTasmania, izinombolo zabuyiselwa.
Ukwehla kokugcina okubukhali kwesibalo sabadli be-marsupial kwaqoshwa ngo-1995, lapho-ke inani lalezi zilwane lehla ngo-80%, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yobhadane olukhulu olwaqubuka phakathi kwamademoni aseTasmanian marsupial. Ngaphambi kwalokho, lokhu kwabonwa ngo-1950.
Thenga usathane we-marsupial (Tasmanian)
Isidlakudla sokugcina esathunyelwa ngokusemthethweni e-United States sashona ngo-2004. Manje ukuthekelisa kwabo akuvumelekile ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthenga udeveli waseTasmania njengesilwane, ngaphandle kwalapho ufuna ukukwenza ngendlela eqotho.... Azikho izinkulisa eRussia, eYurophu noma eMelika. Ngokuya ngemininingwane engekho emthethweni, ungathenga udeveli we-marsupial ngama- $ 15,000. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akufanelekile ukwenziwa, isilwane kungenzeka sigule, ngoba ngeke kube khona imibhalo yakuqala yaso.
Uma ngabe ukwazile ukuthola isilwane esinjalo ngandlela thile, kufanele uzilungiselele izinkinga ezimbalwa. Ekuthunjweni, baziphatha ngochuku kubantu nakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo. I-Tasmanian marsupial devil ingahlasela bobabili abadala nezingane ezincane. Baqala ukumemeza futhi banciphise ngokusobala ngisho nangezinto ezincane ezicasulayo. Noma yini ingamthukuthelisa, ngisho nokushaya okulula, futhi ukuziphatha kwakhe akulindelekile ngokuphelele. Ngokunikwa amandla emihlathi, zingadala ukulimala okungathi sína ngisho nasebantwini, kanti inja noma ikati elincane lingalimala kanzima noma linywe.
Ebusuku, isilwane siyasebenza kakhulu, singalingisa ukuzingela, futhi ukukhala okubuhlungu kukasathane waseTasmania akunakwenzeka ukujabulisa omakhelwane bakho namalungu omndeni. Ukuphela kwento engenza lula futhi ibe lula ukugcinwa kwayo ukungathobeki kokudla. Abakhethi ekudleni futhi badla yonke into, empeleni kungaba yizicucu ezivela etafuleni, okuthile osekuvele konakele, unganikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zenyama, amaqanda nezinhlanzi. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi izilwane zintshontshe nezinto zokugqoka, ezisetshenziselwa ukudla. Naphezu kokukhala okwesabekayo nobuntu obubi, uTasmanian marsupial devil uthanjiswe kahle futhi uthanda ukuhlala amahora amaningi ezandleni zenkosi yakhe ayithandayo.
