Uhlobo lwe-tarantulas lubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-220 zezicabucabu. I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia (i-Lycosa singoriensis), ebizwa nangokuthi i-mizgir, ihlala endaweni yamariphabhuliki ayengaphansi kweSoviet. Uphawu lwayo lwendawo luyindawo emnyama efana ne-skullcap.
Incazelo ye-tarantula
I-tarantula iyingxenye yomndeni wesicabucabu sempisi, yize ihlala izama ukuxhumana nezicabucabu ze-tarantula (lat .theraphosidae). Ama-tararantula ahlukile kokugcina lapho kuqondiswa ukunyakaza kwemihlathi.
I-chelicerae (ngenxa yamapayipi anobuthi eziqongweni zawo ezigaxekile) yenza imisebenzi emibili - isithasiselo somlomo nesikhali sokuhlasela / sokuzivikela.
Okukhanga kakhulu ekubukekeni kwe-tarantula yimigqa emi-3 yamehlo acwebezelayo: umugqa wokuqala (ophansi) uqukethe "ubuhlalu" obuncane, ngaphezulu kwawo kunamehlo amabili amakhulu, futhi, ekugcineni, kubekwa elinye ipheya elilodwa ezinhlangothini.
Izicabucabu eziyisishiyagalombili "izigaxa zamehlo" ziqaphe ngokuqapha okwenzekayo, zihlukanisa phakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi, kanye nama-silhouettes ezinambuzane ezijwayelekile esikhaleni esifinyelela ku-30 cm. Isicabucabu sineqhwa lokuzwa okuhle - sizwa izinyathelo zabantu kude ne-15 km.
I-tarantula iyakhula, ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, kuze kufike ku-2,5 - 10 cm (enesikhala somzimba esingamasentimitha angama-30).
Kuyathakazelisa! I-tarantula iyakwazi ukuvuselela izitho ezilahlekile. Lapho i-molting, i-paw entsha iqala ukukhula kuyo (esikhundleni sokudwengulwa). Iyanda nge-molt ngayinye ize ifinyelele usayizi wayo wemvelo.
Abesifazane badlula abalingani babo ngosayizi, imvamisa bathola isisindo serekhodi lama-gramu angama-90.
Umbala wesicabucabu ungahluka futhi kuya ngendawo... Ngakho-ke, i-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia ivame ukukhombisa umbala ompunga onsundu, obomvu kancanyana noma onesihlabathi onamabala amnyama.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia iyisicabucabu esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu esihlala endaweni enkulu yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union. ILicosa singoriensis ihlala eCaucasus, Central Asia, Ukraine naseBelarus (lapho ngo-2008 yabonakala emathafeni eSozh, Dnieper nasePripyat).
Ezweni lethu, kusakazeke cishe yonke indawo: abahlali baseTambov, Oryol, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Belgorod, Kursk naseLipetsk bakuthola emibhedeni yabo.
Isicabucabu sitholakala ngobuningi ezindaweni ze-Astrakhan neVolgograd (ikakhulukazi eduze neVolga), kanye naseStavropol Territory. Isikhathi eside i-tarantula "ibhalisiwe" eCrimea, ngemuva kwalokho yakwazi ukukhasa eBashkiria, eSiberia ngisho naseTrans-Baikal Territory.
I-tarantula yaseningizimu yeRussia ithanda isimo sezulu esomile, imvamisa ihlala endaweni enezintaba, izindawo eziwugwadule kanye nogwadule (ngokufinyelela emizimbeni yamanzi yemvelo). Abantu basemakhaya bahlangana nesicabucabu emasimini, ezingadini zezithelo, ezingadini zemifino (lapho kuvunwa amazambane) nasemigqumeni.
Indlela yokuphila yesicabucabu
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia ingumzingeli ohleli endaweni yokuqamekela, eba umgodi ombiwe ukujula okungama-50-60 cm... Isicabucabu sizwa ngalokho okwenzeka ngenhla ngokudlidliza kwewebhu: ngakho ngokuluka ngobuciko izindonga zesikhoselo sakhe.
Isiginali sokugxuma futhi isithunzi sesinambuzane esivimba ukukhanya. I-tarantula ayisiye umsekeli wokuhamba futhi iyazisusa ngaphandle kwesidingo, ishiya umgodi ifuna izisulu ebumnyameni. Lapho izingela ebusuku, unakekela ngokweqile futhi angahambi kude nomin wakhe.
Usondela ngesisulu kabuhlungu, ngezitobhi. Bese ngokuzumayo igxuma futhi ilume. Ngokulindela umphumela obulalayo wale ubuthi, ingalandela ingayeki le nambuzane, iyilume futhi ibuyele emuva kuze kube yilapho ogulayo ephefumula okokugcina.
Izinhloso zokuhlaselwa kwethu kwe-tarantula yilezi:
- amacimbi;
- amakhilikithi namabhungane;
- amaphela;
- ibhere;
- amabhungane omhlabathi;
- izicabucabu zezinye izinhlobo;
- izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane;
- amaxoxo amancane.
Ama-tarantula wesilisa alwa wodwa, kungakhathalekile izinkathi zonyaka, futhi aphumule ezingxabanweni zombango kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-tarantula
Ama-tarantulas aseNingizimu Russia aphela ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngemuva kwalokho abalingani bavame ukufa, futhi abalingani balungiselela ubusika. Ngesimo sezulu sokuqala esibandayo, isicabucabu sakha umnyango ngomhlaba sakhasa saya ezansi, kude nesithwathwa.
Entwasahlobo, insikazi iza phezulu izothamela ilanga, bese ibuyela emgodini izobekela amaqanda... Uphatha umfece, okufakwa kuwo amaqanda, naye, ekhombisa ukukhathazeka okungakhathali ngokuphepha kwawo.
Ukuphunyuka emgodini, izicabucabu zinamathela kumama (isisu sakhe kanye ne-cephalothorax), eqhubeka nokuvikela inzalo isikhathi esithile, ukuyigcina kuye.
Njengoba sezithole inkululeko, izicabucabu zishiya unina. Imvamisa, kusheshisa ukuphuma kwabo baye empilweni enkulu, okuyiyo ezungeza imbobo, iphonse izingane emzimbeni ngemilenze yayo yangemuva.
Ngakho-ke ama-tarantula aqhubeka nohlobo lwawo. Izicabucabu ezincane zithola indawo entsha yokuhlala futhi ziqala ukumba imigodi, ukujula kwayo kuzokwanda njengoba i-tarantula ikhula.
Ukulunywa yiTarantula
I-tarantula ayinabungozi ngokwanele futhi ayihlaseli umuntu ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, kufaka phakathi ukucasulwa ngamabomu noma ukuxhumana ngephutha.
Isicabucabu esiphazamisekile sizokwazisa ngokuqala kokuhlaselwa endaweni esongelayo: sizoma ngemilenze yaso yangemuva, siphakamise imilenze yangaphambili phezulu... Ngemuva kokubona lesi sithombe, zilungiselele ukuhlaselwa kanye ne-sting efana naleyo yenyosi noma uphondo.
I-toxin ye-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia ayibulali, kepha ukuluma okungajwayelekile kuhambisana nobuhlungu obukhali, ukuvuvukala, kaningi - isicanucanu nesiyezi.
Ukulunywa kushiswa ngogwayi noma ngomentshisi wokubola ubuthi. Ukuthatha ama-antihistamine ngeke kulimaze.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ikhambi elihle kakhulu le-tarantula yigazi layo, ngakho-ke unganciphisa ubuthi ngokugcoba indawo ethintekile ngegazi lesicabucabu esibulewe.
Ukugcina i-tarantula ekhaya
AmaTarantulas, kufaka phakathi awaseNingizimu Russian, avame ukugcinwa ekhaya: ayizidalwa ezihlekisayo nezingahloniphi... Umuntu kufanele akhumbule kuphela ukuthi lezi zigcawu zisabela kahle futhi ziluma kabuhlungu, ngakho-ke, lapho uziphatha, ukunakwa nokugxila kuyadingeka.
Ngokuya ngokubheka, i-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia, evikela umgodi wayo, yeqa ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Ngokuya ngemibandela ejwayelekile yokugcina ama-tarantula, ahluke kakhulu ekugqeni izinhlobo zama-tarantula.
Umthetho ongaguquguquki umnikazi osanda kwenziwa we-tarantula ubophezelekile ukuwugcina ukuthi isicabucabu esisodwa sifakwe endaweni eyodwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izakhamuzi zizohlala zithola ukuthi yikuphi okuqinile kunakho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, elinye lamasosha lizothathwa lisuke enkundleni yempi lingenampilo.
Kwaphawulwa ukuthi i-tarantula ihlala endaweni yayo yemvelo iminyaka emibili, futhi ekuthunjweni ingaphila isikhathi esiphindwe kabili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuyaziwa ukuthi impilo ende ye-tarantula ingenxa yokudla kwayo kanye nenani lama-molts. Isicabucabu esondlekile siphuma kaningi, esinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwaso. Uma ufuna isilwane sakho siphile isikhathi eside, sigcine sisuka komunye nomlomo.
I-Arachnary
Esikhundleni salokho, i-terrarium noma i-aquarium enesembozo esinokuvuleka komoya kuzoba yindawo efanelekayo ye-tarantula.
Qaphela ukuthi indawo yesitsha sesicabucabu esidala ibaluleke kakhulu kunokuphakama kwayo.... Ububanzi be-aquarium eyindilinga kufanele bulingane nezidladla ezi-3, kukanxande - bobabili ubude nobubanzi kufanele budlule ubude bezitho zomzimba ngamahlandla ama-2-3.
Ku-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia kunconywa i-terrarium eqondile enezingqimba ze-substrate okungenani eziyi-15 cm.
Ukuncoma
Lezi zigcawu zinemihlathi eqinile, ezingagcini nje ngokukhulula umhlabathi ohlangene kahle, kodwa futhi zihlafuna i-aluminium nama-polymers aqinile.
Isicabucabu kufanele sikwazi ukumba umgodi, ngakho-ke phansi kwe-arachnarium (terrarium) kumbozwe ubumba nesihlabathi ukuthola ungqimba lwama-15 kuya ku-30 cm. Okulandelayo kungasebenza njenge-substrate:
- ukhukhunathi fibre;
- i-peat ne-humus;
- inhlabathi emnyama ene-vermiculite;
- umhlaba.
Zonke lezi zingxenye kufanele zithanjiswe (ngokulinganisela!). Ngaphambi kokuhlala ku-tarantula, qiniseka ukuthi azikho izinto ezihlukumezayo ezindlini zayo zesikhathi esizayo (uma uyihlobisile i-terrarium ngezinhloso zobuhle).
I-arachnarium ayishiywanga ivulekile: ekhoneni, okuhlanganiswe nezicucu, isilwane sakho singaphuma kalula enqabeni yaso.
Ukuhlanza
Kuhlelwe njalo ngenyanga nohhafu, kususwa umgodi kadoti wesicabucabu sakho noma ukuthena izitshalo (uma zikhona).
Njengoba i-tarantula ingahlali ishiya umgodi, kuzodingeka uyihehe ngesigaxa seplastikini, usamu othambile, i-resin noma i-wax efudumele.... Musa ukulinda ukusabela ebholeni, uzobamba isicabucabu.
Ekhaya, isikhathi sokusebenza kwesicabucabu siyefana nasendle: ivuke kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kufike lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngobusika, isicabucabu sijulisa umgodi bese "sivalela" umnyango.
Imodi Yokuqukethwe
Izinga lokushisa elikhulu likububanzi obusuka ku- +18 kuye ku- + 30 ° Celsius. Ama-tarantula awajwayele ukushintshashintsha kokushisa kwemvelo: izicabucabu zingashesha ukuzivumelanisa nazo.
Izicabucabu zikhipha umswakama kuzisulu zazo, kepha amanzi kufanele abe endaweni ethile eseduze... Esikhathini se-terrarium, udinga ukubeka ophuza futhi ugcine izinga lomswakama elidingekayo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi isitsha sokuphuza, uma sibanzi, isicabucabu sizozama ukusisebenzisa njengechibi lomuntu siqu.
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia izobonga nge-snag efakwe lapho ihlala khona (lapho izokhasa khona ngezikhathi ezithile) nohlaza oluncane.
Ukukhanya kwe-Arachnarium kuhlelwe kude nomgodi wesicabucabu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kushintshwe amanzi futhi kuniselwe inhlabathi njalo ekuseni ngaphambi kokukhanyisa isibani.
Ama-Tarantulas awadingi imisebe ye-ultraviolet: thatha isibani esivamile se-incandescent noma isibani se-fluorescent (15 W). Isilwane sizohlala ngaphansi kokukhanya kwaso, sicabange ukuthi sishuka elangeni.
Ukudla
I-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia iphakela izinambuzane zokudla ezingadluli ubukhulu bomzimba wayo (ngaphandle kwezitho zomzimba).
Yini ongayondla
Uhlu lwemikhiqizo ye-tarantula yasekhaya ifaka phakathi:
- amaphela (amaTurkmen, imabula, i-Argentina, iMadagascar nabanye);
- izibungu ze-zophobas kanye nesibungu sokudla;
- amakhilikithi;
- izingcezu zenkomo egayiwe (skim).
Amakhilikithi, njengomthetho, athengwa esitolo sezilwane noma emakethe yezinkukhu, ngoba, ngokungafani namaphela, kunzima ukuzala ekhaya: lapho elambile, amakhilikithi adla kalula amaqabane abo.
Kanye ngenyanga, ama-multivitamin ahlanganiswa nebhola lenyama, kanye njalo emavikini amabili - i-calcium gluconate... "I-meatball" eluhlaza ilinikwa isicabucabu ngqo kuma-paws.
Okulandelayo akuvunyelwe:
- amaphela asekhaya (angahle afakwe ubuthi);
- izinambuzane zangaphandle (zingahlaselwa ngama-parasites);
- amagundane namaxoxo (okubangela ukufa kwezicabucabu ezifuywayo).
Uma, naphezu kwezixwayiso, uhlose ukugcoba isilwane sakho ngezinambuzane ezivela emgwaqweni, usibambe kude nemigwaqo enomsindo nedolobha. Ngeke kulimaze ukuhlola lesi sinambuzane ukuthola ama-parasites bese usigeza ngamanzi.
Izinambuzane ezidliwayo ezinjenge-centipedes, imantis yokukhuleka noma ezinye izicabucabu zizoba ukudla okungafanele i-tarantula. Kulokhu, isilwane sakho esinoboya kungaba yisisulu.
Ukondla imvamisa
Izicabucabu ezisanda kuzalwa zondliwa ngezibungu ezisanda kuzalwa kanye namakhilikithi amancane.
Ama-tarantula akhula kabili ngesonto, abantu abadala - kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-8-10. Izinsalela zomkhosi ezivela e-arachnarium zisuswa ngokushesha.
Isicabucabu esondliwe kahle siyayeka ukuphendula ukudla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuyeka ukondla izintshisekelo ze-tarantula uqobo. Isibonakaliso sokugcwaliswa okwanele kwesisu ukukhuphuka kwaso (izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2) maqondana ne-cephalothorax. Uma ukondla kungamisiwe, isisu se-tarantula sizodabuka.
Amathiphu Okondla
Ungethuki uma isicabucabu singadli. Ama-tarantula angabulawa yindlala izinyanga ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo.
Uma isilwane singasidli lesi sinambuzane khona manjalo, cindezela phansi ekhanda lesibili bese usishiya ku-terrarium ubusuku bonke. Ngabe inyamazane yayiphelele ekuseni? Vele ulahle lesi sinambuzane ngaphandle.
Ngemuva kokuthi isicabucabu sesincibilikile, kungcono ukungasondli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Isikhathi sokuzila ekudleni sibalwa ngokungeza izinsuku eziyi-3-4 enombolweni yama-molts.
Ungashiyi izinambuzane zingagadiwe e-arachnarium ukugwema izinkinga ezingaba khona: iphela lesifazane lingazala, futhi uzobheka amaphela amancanyana asakazeke efulethini.
Thenga i-tarantula
Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindawo zamahhala ezihlukanisiwe, ukuxhumana nomphakathi, noma izinkundla ezikhethekile lapho abathandi bezicabucabu ezinkulu behlangana khona.
Umuntu othile we-tarantula yaseNingizimu Russia unikezwa ukuthi angathengwa ngenkulungwane eyodwa... ama-ruble bese ngikuthumela kwelinye idolobha nethuba.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthola ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuthi umthengisi we-arthropod unesibopho kangakanani, bese udlulisa imali kuphela.
Akungabazeki ukuthi kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukubuka i-tarantula, kepha ungaphumuli - phela, inobuthi futhi iyaluma ngaphandle kokucabanga kwesibili.
