Ufudu Olukhuthazayo (Ama-Centrochelys sulcata) noma ufudu olujiyile lungolomndeni wofudu lwasemhlabeni.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zofudu olukhuthazekile
Ufudu oluqhubekile lungenye yezimfudu ezinkulu ezitholakala e-Afrika. Usayizi wayo mncane kancane kunowofudu abavela eziqhingini zaseGalapagos. Igobolondo lingaba ngamasentimitha angama-76 ubude, kanti abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bangamasentimitha angama-83. Ufudu oluqhutshekisiwe luhlobo lwasogwadule olunombala oyisanti osebenza njengesifihla endaweni yalo. I-carapace ebanzi e-oval inombala onsundu, kanti isikhumba esiwugqinsi sinombala osagqinsi wegolide noma we-tan. I-carapace inezinothi emaphethelweni angaphambili nangemuva. Izindandatho zokukhula ziyabonakala kwisiphazamisi ngasinye, okucaca ngokukhethekile ngeminyaka. Isisindo sabesilisa sisukela ku-60 kg kuye ku-105 kg. Abesifazane banesisindo esincane, kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-40 kg.
Izingalo ezingaphambili zezimfudu zimi okwensika futhi zinamazipho amahlanu. Isici esivelele salolu hlobo lwezimfudu ukuba khona kwezinhlanga ezinkulu ezingama-2-3 emathangeni abesifazane nabesilisa. Ukuba khona kwalesi sici kube nomthelela ekuveleni kwegama lohlobo - kwagqugquzela ufudu. Ukuphuma okunjalo kwe-horny kuyadingeka ekumbeni izimbobo nemigodi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Kwabesilisa, phambi kwegobolondo, izivikelo ezivelayo ezifana nezikhonkwane ziyakhiwa.
Lesi sikhali esisebenza kahle sisetshenziswa abesilisa phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana, lapho izimbangi zijikelana ukushayisana. Ukulwa kwabesilisa kuhlala isikhathi eside ngokwedlulele futhi kuqeda bobabili abaphikisi.
Phakathi kwezimfudu ezigqugquzelwayo, kunabantu abaneplastron engqubekile. Ukuphambuka okunjalo esakhiweni esijwayelekile segobolondo akuyona into ejwayelekile futhi kwenzeka nge-phosphorus eyeqile, ukuntuleka kasawoti we-calcium namanzi.
Ukuziphatha kofudu olukhuthazekile
Ama-turur turur asebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula (ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba). Zondla kakhulu entathakusa nakusihlwa, zidla izitshalo ezinoshukela notshani baminyaka yonke. Bavame ukugeza ekuseni ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo ngemuva kokuphola ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, izimfudu ezindala zicasha emigodini ebandayo, emanzi ukugwema ukoma. Izimfudu ezincane zikhuphukela emigodini yezilwane ezincelisayo zasogwadule zilinde isikhathi esishisayo.
Ukuzala kwafuqa ufudu
Izimfudu zaseSpore zivuthwa ngokocansi zineminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-15, lapho zikhula zize zifike kumasentimitha angama-35 kuya kwangama-45. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngoJuni kuya kuMashi, kepha kuvame kakhulu emva kwesikhathi semvula kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi baba nolaka kakhulu futhi bashayisana, bezama ukuphendula isitha. Insikazi izala amaqanda izinsuku ezingama-30-90. Ukhetha indawo efanelekayo enhlabathini enesihlabathi futhi umba izimbobo ezi-4-5 cishe ezi-30 cm ukujula.
Okokuqala umba ngezitho zomzimba zangaphambili, bese umba ngemuva. Ibeka amaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30 esidlekeni ngasinye, bese iyangcwaba ukuze ikufihle ngokuphelele ibamba. Amaqanda makhulu, anobubanzi obungu-4.5 cm.Ukukhula kwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa elingu-30-32 ° C futhi lihlala izinsuku ezingama-99-103. Ngemuva kwe-clutch yokuqala, ukukhwelana okuphindaphindiwe kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka.
Ufudu olukhuthazayo lusakazeka
Izimfudu ze-Spur zitholakala emaphethelweni aseningizimu oGwadule lwaseSahara. Basakazeka besuka eSenegal naseMauritania, ngasempumalanga badlula ezifundeni ezomile zaseMali, eChad, eSudan, base behlangana ne-Ethiopia ne-Eritrea. Lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala naseNiger naseSomalia.
Imikhakha kofudu olukhuthazekile
Ama-turur turur ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile ezingayitholi imvula iminyaka. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna ezomile, lapho kuhlala khona ukuntuleka kwamanzi. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lumelana namazinga okushisa ezindaweni zalo kusuka emazingeni ayi-15 ebusika obubandayo, kanti ehlobo lisinda emazingeni okushisa cishe angama-45 C.
Isimo sokongiwa kofudu olukhuthazekile
Ufudu olukhuthazwayo lubhekwa njengelusengozini kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN futhi lubhalwe ku-Annex II weSivumelwano Sokuhwebelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Ngezilwane Ezisengozini Yokushabalala. Abantu bancipha ngokushesha eMali, eChad, eNiger nase-Ethiopia, ikakhulu ngenxa yokudliswa ngokweqile nokwenziwa ihlane. Amaqembu amancane amaningana ezihuquzelayo ezingavamile ahlala ezindaweni ezihlala izizwe eziyimizulane, lapho izimfudu ezigqugquzelwa khona zivame ukubanjelwa inyama.
Isimo esisengozini yalezi zinhlobo eminyakeni yamuva nje sibhebhethekiswe ukwanda kokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezihwebelana namazwe omhlaba, njengezilwane ezifuywayo kanye nokwenziwa kwemithi evela ezingxenyeni zomzimba zofudu, ezibaluleke kakhulu eJapan njengendlela yokuphila isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, abantu abasha bayabanjwa, ngakho-ke, kunokwesaba ukuthi ngemuva kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa ukuvuselelwa kohlobo kuzoncipha kakhulu emvelweni, okuzoholela ekuqothulweni kwezimfudu ezingavamile ezindaweni zazo.
Ukulondolozwa Kwezimfudu Ezikhuthazayo
Ama-turur turtles anesimo sokongiwa kulo lonke uhla lwawo, futhi ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela, ahlala ebanjwa ngokungemthetho ukuthengiswa. Izimfudu ezibizwa nge-Spur zifakwe kuhlu ku-CITES Isithasiselo II, nesilinganiso sonyaka esingu-zero sokuthumela ngaphandle. Kepha izimfudu ezingavamile zisathengiswa ngamanani aphezulu phesheya, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezilwane ezikhuliswe ezinkulisa nabantu ababanjwe emvelweni.
Iziphathimandla eziqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho zithatha izinyathelo ngokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwezimfudu, kepha ukungabi bikho kwezivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika ngokuvikelwa okuhlanganyelwe kwezilwane ezingandile kuthikameza isenzo sokongiwa kwemvelo futhi akulethi imiphumela elindelekile.
Ama-turur turur kulula ukuzala ekuthunjweni, akhuliswa e-US ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zasekhaya, futhi athunyelwa eJapan. Kwezinye izifunda ezomile zase-Afrika, izimfudu ezigqugquzelwayo zihlala ezindaweni ezivikelekile, lokhu kusebenza kubantu abahlala emapaki kazwelonke eMauritania naseNiger, okufaka isandla ekusindeni kwalezi zinhlobo ezimweni eziwugwadule.
ESenegal, ufudu olukhuthazekile luphawu lobuhle, injabulo, ukuzala nokuphila isikhathi eside, futhi lesi simo sengqondo sandisa amathuba okusinda kwalolu hlobo. Kuleli zwe, isikhungo sokuzalela nokuvikela uhlobo oluthile lwezimfudu sakhiwa, kepha, ezimweni zokuqhubeka kwezingwadule, kwagqugquzela izimfudu ukuthola izinsongo endaweni yazo, yize kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuzivikela.
