I-Otchis enamalebe akhonjisiwe (iMyotis blythi) eyomndeni onamakhala abushelelezi, ukuhleleka kwamalulwane.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeMyotis ekhonjiwe
I-Otis enamacici akhonjwe ingenye yamabhu amakhulu. Ubukhulu bomzimba 5.4-8.3 cm. Ubude bomsila - 4.5-6.9 cm, ukuphakama kwendlebe u-1.9-2.7 cm. Ingalo ingu-5.0-6.6 cm ubude. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-15-36 amagremu. Indlebe ikhonjiwe, inwetshiwe, isiqongo sayo sinciphile. Ifinyelela ekugcineni kwekhala noma iphume kancane iye phambili. Kunezindwangu ezi-5-6 eziguqukayo emaphethelweni angaphandle endlebe. Unqenqema lwayo lwangaphakathi luvaleke kancane. Ububanzi obuphakathi bendlebe obucishe bube ngu-0.9 cm. I-Tragus ilinganisa ngokulinganayo maqondana nesiqongo futhi ifinyelela maphakathi nokuphakama kwendlebe. Ulwelwesi lwephiko lunamathela emlenzeni osezwaneni lwangaphandle.
Izinzwani onyaweni zinde, ngaphandle kwamagoda. Uboya bezinwele bufushane; umbala wayo ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba uphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma nsundu ngokumpunga. Isisu simhlophe qwa. Amalulwane amancane akhombe embozwe izinwele ezimpunga ezimnyama. Kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ekhanda phakathi kwezindlebe.
Ukusabalala kwelulwane
Indawo yokuhlala yelulwane elinamalebe acijile lisuka eNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu Yurophu liya e-Altai, Minor, Western nase-Asia Ephakathi. Lolu hlobo luhlala ePalestine, eNepal, enyakatho neJordani nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseChina. Kutholakala eMedithera, ePortugal, eFrance, eSpain, e-Italy. Futhi nase-Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, eRomania. Ukuzalela eMoldova, e-Ukraine, eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan, e-Iran kanye nengxenye yeTurkey. ERussia, lolu hlobo lwamalulwane luhlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Altai, eCrimea, eCaucasus.
Ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, uhlala emihumeni eseduze kwaseSochi.
Isakazeka ngaphesheya kweCiscaucasia kusuka ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga yeKrasnodar Territory kuye eDagestan.
Izindawo Zokuhlala ze-Myotis ekhonjiwe
Ibhu elinezinkomba ezihlonziwe lihlala ezindaweni ezinotshani, ezingenamithi kanye namathafa anthropogenic, kufaka phakathi umhlaba wezolimo kanye nezingadi. Amakoloni ama-Bats ajwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba: ezimayini, emihumeni, ophahleni lwezakhiwo. ETurkey naseSyria, zitholakala ezakhiweni ezindala kakhulu (izinqaba, amahhotela).
Ngaphakathi eRussia, isakazeka ezindaweni ezinamagquma ngokukhululeka okumangelengele, lapho kutholakala khona izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo ezingaphansi komhlaba, zikhuphukela ebangeni elingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kepha, ebusika kuyaziwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2100. Imvamisa ihlala koshimula, ngaphansi kwendlu yamasonto nezinye izakhiwo.
Okukhethekile kokuziphatha kwebhethi elikhombe okhalweni
Ehlobo, i-Pointed Moth yakha amakoloni angama-brood, anabantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Kwenza ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile ngamabanga amafushane ngaphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-60 - 70, afinyelela ku-160. Ebusika, amalulwane ahlala emihumeni engaphansi komhlaba, ezindlini ezingaphansi, anqwabelane endaweni yokukhosela eyodwa ngamanani amakhulu. Ilulwane elikhombe ngezindlebe lihlala emvelweni iminyaka engu-13.
I-Hibernation yenzeka ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile - kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-12 ° C. Ukuzingelwa kwamalulwane okukhonjwe ezindaweni ezivulekile, kubamba izinambuzane phakathi kwamadlelo, ngaphezulu kwemigwaqo namachibi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwelulwane
Ukukhwelana ku-Pointed Myotis kwenzeka kusukela ngo-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kobusika. Ithole elilodwa lichamusela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Abesifazane bondla inzalo ngobisi cishe izinsuku ezingama-50. Ehlobo, ama-Myotis akhombisiwe ahlala ngamaqembu amancane noma ngamaculo, acashe ophahleni nangaphansi kwamabhuloho ngesikhathi sasemini.
Ubusika buqala ngo-Okthoba buphele ngo-Ephreli. Emihumeni emikhulu kanye nezikhangiso ezilahliwe, izilwane zinamathela ophahleni nasezindongeni zemigodi.
Nciphisa isibalo selulwane elinezindlebe
Ukwehla kwesibalo selulwane kungenxa yokushoda kwezindawo zokulala ezifanele ebusika nasehlobo. Amakholoni ama-Brood adinga imihume emikhulu, efudumele, kepha ukwakheka okunjalo kwemvelo akuvamile. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwamabhuloho emigwaqo nemisebenzi yokulungisa kuphazamisa izindawo zokuhlala zasehlobo lapho kucashe khona ama-myotis. Ngokusho kokubukwa kwesikhathi eside, okwenziwe ezindaweni eziningi, inani labantu basebusika alibangeli kukhathazeka okuthile.
Izindlela zokuvikelwa kwelulwane elikhombe okhalweni
Ukuze kulondolozwe amabhu anamaqabunga abukhali, imigede iBolshaya Fanagoriskaya, iKanyon, iNeizma, iPopov kumele inikezwe isimo sezikhumbuzo zemvelo zoological. Izindawo zokuhlala ze-myotis ezinamaqabunga abukhali emigedeni i-Ambitsugova, i-Setenai, i-Arochnaya, i-Dedova Yama, i-Gun'kina-4, i-Besleneevskaya, i-Chernorechenskaya, kanye nesikhangiso esishiyiwe eduze kwedolobhana laseDerbentskaya, sidinga ukuvikelwa. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela ukungena kwale mijele, ukuhlela ukuvikelwa kwabo ekuhlaselweni izivakashi. Ukwakha indawo ebekelwe ukwakheka kwezindawo kulezi zindawo, okubandakanya ukwakheka kwama-karst kweshumi nambili osogwini loLwandle Olumnyama.
I-myotis ekhonjwe e-Red Data Book yaseRussian Federation ingeyesigaba "sezinhlobo zezinto ezinciphayo", inani labantu elincipha ngaphansi kwethonya lethonya le-anthropogenic. Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, ilulwane elikhonjiwe lisohlwini lwezinto eziphilayo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ngabantu bomhlaba wonke.
Ukudla ilulwane kuzwile
Amabhu anezinkomba ezicijile anamandla kakhulu. Ngokudla okukodwa, ilulwane libhubhisa izikelemu zokudla ezingama-50-60, isisindo sazo esifinyelela ku-60% wesisindo somzimba waso.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-myotis idla ukudla okuncane okufanele kutholakale.
Ngokuyinhloko zizingela izinambuzane, zondla nge-Orthoptera neMoths.
Ukugcina ilulwane ekuthunjweni
Amabhu akhomba agcinwa ekuthunjweni. Ukuze amalulwane asinde, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe umbuso wasebusika osebusika kusukela emasontweni amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekudleni futhi uvikele ukudla ngokweqile. Izimo zokuphila eziseduze nezimo zemvelo zenza kube lula ukuzala kwezilwane ekuthunjweni.
Izinsongo kunani lePyyy-eared Myotis
Amabhu akhonjisiwe asabela kabi ekubukeni kwabantu emihumeni, amalulwane ethukile andiza ngokuxokozela futhi isikhathi eside. Lezi zilwane zivame ukubanjwa zenze amalungiselelo emanzi ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zibhujiswa ngokungenanjongo. Inani lezindawo zokukhosela lapho i-myotis enamacici acijile echitha ubusika lincipha kancane kancane, njengoba izakhiwo ezindala abahlala kuzo zakhiwa kabusha futhi zakhiwa kabusha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kwezolimo kuholela ekwehleni kwenani lamabhu anamaqhuqhuva.
Ukuvikelwa kweMyotis ekhonjiwe
I-Myotis ekhonjiwe ivikelwe ngumthetho wezwe ezindaweni eziningi ezihlala kuzo. Izindlela zokuvikela ezirekhodwe ku-Bonn Convention kanye nase-Berne Convention ziyasetshenziswa kulolu hlobo. Ama-myotis akhonjisiwe afakiwe kuzithasiselo II no-IV zemikhombandlela ye-EU. Badinga izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokongiwa kwemvelo, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezikhethekile zokongiwa kwemvelo. E-Italy, eSpain, ePortugal, emigedeni, indawo yokungena emigedeni okuhlala kuyo ilulwane elinezindlebe ezicijile, ivaliwe ngocingo ukuze izivakashi ezinelukuluku zingaphazamisi amalulwane. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuvikela ukuminyana okukhulu kwelulwane elikhonjiwe ngesikhathi sasebusika nesikhathi sokuzala. Ukufinyelela emphakathini kudinga ukwenziwa ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokunciphisa ukufinyelela kwabantu ezindaweni zokuvikela amalulwane. I-myotis enezikhombe ezikhombe ikubekezelela kahle ukuthunjwa, kepha akukho ukuzalanisa okuyimpumelelo okuye kwaphawulwa. Kukhona ukwehla kwenani labantu bohlobo oluthile kwezinye izingxenye zebanga. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwamalulwane ludinga ukuvikelwa, engxenyeni yebanga lapho isimo singathandeki khona.
