Akepa (Loxops coccineus) noma isihlahla esibomvu saseHawaii. Igama lohlobo luvela egameni lesiGrikhiULoxia, okusho ukuthi "kubukeka njenge-crossbill", ngenxa yesimo somlomo esingajwayelekile. Igama elithi akepa ngolimi lwendawo lisho ukuthi "bukhoma" noma "beshesha" futhi likhombisa ukungazinzi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-akepa.
I-Akepa itholakala ikakhulu eHawaii. Njengamanje, izindawo eziyizinyoni eziyinhloko ikakhulukazi emthambekeni osempumalanga weMauna Kea, imithambeka esempumalanga naseningizimu yeMauna Loa kanye nomthambeka osenyakatho weHualalai. Omunye wama-subspecies wokuphila kwabantu baseHawaii esiqhingini sase-Oahu.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-akep.
I-Akepa kuhlala amahlathi aminyene, afaka phakathi ama-metrosideros ne-coaya acacia. Abantu base-Akepa bavame ukutholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1500 - 2100 futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-akep.
I-Akepas inobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-13. Izimpiko zifinyelela kumamilimitha angama-59 kuye kwangama-69, isisindo somzimba cishe singama-gramu ayi-12. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngamaphiko abomvu o-orenji nomsila onombala onsundu. Abesifazane ngokuvamile banezimpaphe eziluhlaza noma ezimpunga ezinombala ophuzi ngaphansi. Ukumakwa okuphuzi kuyaziwa nge-asymmetry yabo eseceleni. Lo mbala we-variegated ukuguquguquka okwenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla ezihlahleni eziqhakazayo, ngoba izinyoni zifana nezimbali.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-akepa.
I-Akepas yakha ngababili abangabodwana phakathi kukaJulayi nango-Agasti, imvamisa iminyaka eminingana.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isimilo esinolaka sabesilisa siyanda. Abesilisa abancintisanayo baqhuba imibukiso yomoya futhi bandizela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-100 emoyeni ngaphambi kokuhlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Ngezinye izikhathi abesilisa bahlela izimpi zezinja, lapho abesilisa ababili noma ngaphezulu beleqana, kuthi ngemuva kokubamba, balwe ukuze izimpaphe zindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bashicilela ingoma "enolaka", esabisa oncintisana nabo ngokuba khona kwabo. Imvamisa, izinyoni ezimbili noma eziningi zihlabelela ngamandla ngasikhathi sinye zisondelene. Isiko elinjalo lokukhwelana lenziwa ngabesilisa ngenhloso yokuheha owesifazane nokumaka imingcele yendawo elawulwayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kwenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Insikazi ikhetha umgodi ofanele, lapho izalela khona iqanda elilodwa kuya kwamathathu. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-14 kuye kwezingu-16. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, owesilisa wondla insikazi, futhi lapho nje kuvela amaphuphu, naye uyayondla inzalo, ngoba amaphuphu awahambi isikhathi eside esidlekeni. I-akepa fledge encane kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Amachwane ahlala nabazali bawo kuze kube nguSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, emva kwalokho adla emihlambini. Umbala wezimpaphe zama-akepa amancane ufana kakhulu nombala wezimpaphe zabesifazane abadala: oluhlaza noma ompunga. Abesilisa abasebasha bavame ukuthola imibala yabantu abadala ngonyaka wesine.
Ukuziphatha kuka-Akep.
I-Akepa ngokuvamile iyakubekezelela ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala. Ukuziphatha okunolaka kakhulu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala ngenxa yokuncintisana phakathi kwamadoda. Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa, amachwane e-akepa adla imihlambi yamalungu omndeni nezinyoni ezingazange zihlanganyele ekuzaleni. I-Akepa ayizona izinyoni zendawo futhi itholakala emihlambini ye-interspecific. Abesifazane baziwa ngokweba izinto ezihamba phambili zokwakha izidleke kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Ukudla kuka-Acep.
Uqhwaku luka-Acep olungajwayelekile, olungenakulinganiswa kahle lubasiza ukuba bacindezele izikali zama-cones namacembe ezimbali befuna ukudla. Izinyoni zidla izinambuzane nezicabucabu, yize ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko kuqukethe amacimbi. Akepa adle umpe omncane. Bangakwazi ukuqoqa umpe ngenkathi befuna inyamazane yezinambuzane, ithiphu lolimi olugobele olwandle ligoqeka libe yipayipi bese likhipha ujusi omnandi ngobuciko. Lesi sici siyisidingo esibalulekile sokuphakela umpe.
Indima ye-ecosystem ye-akep.
U-Akepa ungcolisa izimbali lapho edla umpe. Izinyoni nazo zingathonya ubukhulu bezinambuzane ezizizingelayo.
Okusho umuntu.
I-Akepa iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-avifauna eyingqayizivele futhi iheha abantu abathanda ezokuvakasha.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-akep.
I-Akepa ibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List, ohlwini lwezinto ezisengozini yokuqothulwa e-United States kanye naseHawaii.
Izinsongo kunombolo ye-akepa.
Usongo olukhulu ku-akep wukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kudliwe. Ezinye izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo se-akepa zifaka phakathi ukwakheka kwezinhlobo ezifakiwe kanye nokwehla kwesibalo sezihlahla ezinde nezindala lapho i-akepa zakha izidleke zazo kunomthelela omubi ezihlahleni ze-arboreal. Naphezu kokuqedwa kwamahlathi, kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka ukugcwalisa isikhala esishiywe ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Njengoba izinyoni zikhetha ukwakha izidleke ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezihlahla, lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwabantu ngabanye. Ububanzi be-Acep abukwazi ukuphola ngokushesha ngokwanele ukukhokhela ukwehla okukhulu kwabantu.
Usongo olwengeziwe endaweni yokuhlala yesihlahla esibomvu saseHawaii ukungeniswa kwezilwane ezingezona ezomdabu eHawaii nokusabalala kwezifo ezithwalwa omiyane. Umalaleveva wezinyoni nomkhuhlane wezinyoni kudala umonakalo omkhulu ezinyonini ezingavamile.
Ukuphepha kwe-akep.
U-Akepa njengamanje uhlala ezindaweni zemvelo eziningi ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile. Ukuvuselela ukwakhiwa nokuzala kabusha kwezihlahla zase-Hawaiian arboreal, kusetshenziswa amabhokisi esidleke okwenziwa, afakwe ezindaweni zezinyoni. Izidleke ezinjalo ezenziwe ngabantu ziheha izinyoni ngazimbili futhi zifaka isandla ekusakazekeni okuqhubekayo kwezinyoni ezingavamile, futhi ngokuzayo le ndlela izoqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokuphila kwe-akep. Kwethenjwa ukuthi izinyathelo ezithathiwe zizosiza ekulondolozeni ama-akepa endle. Uhlelo lwamanje lokuzala izinyoni ezingavamile lwenziwa ukuze lolu hlobo olumangalisayo lunganyamalali unomphela.
