Inyoka yekhola (i-Diadophis punctatus) noma i-dyadophis ingeyomndeni omise okuncane, ukuhleleka okungahambisani nakho.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwenyoka yekhola lekhola.
Inyoka yekhola isatshalaliswa kuyo yonke iMpumalanga neNyakatho Melika Melika. Ububanzi bawo busuka eNova Scotia, eningizimu yeQuebec nase-Ontario eSouth-Central Mexico, ehlanganisa lonke ugu olusempumalanga ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseGulf of South Texas nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeMexico. Ububanzi budlulela emuva ngasogwini lwePacific, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinkulu ezifundeni ezomile zasentshonalanga ye-United States naseMexico.
Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka ekhomba ikhola.
Izindawo ezinenqwaba yamakhona afihlekile zikhetha wonke ama-subspecies enyoka yokhololo wephoyinti, atholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Izimo ezifanelekile zitholakala enhlabathini enomswakama enamazinga okushisa asukela kuma-27 kuya kuma-29 degrees Celsius. Izinyoka ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga zikhetha ukucasha ngaphansi kwamatshe noma ngaphansi kwegxolo elixegayo lezihlahla ezifile, futhi zivame ukutholakala emahlathini avulekile eduze kwemithambeka enamadwala. Ama-subspecies aseningizimu avame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezinjengexhaphozi, amahlathi amanzi noma i-tugai.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenyoka ekhomba ikhola.
Umbala we-dorsum wenyoka yekhola lekhola uyehluka, kuya ngama-subspecies. Ama-shades amakhulu avela ku-grey-grey kuya kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo, okuvamise ukuba luhlaza okotshani, kepha umbala uhlala uqinile, ngaphandle kwendandatho yegolide esentanyeni. Iringi ingathuthukiswa, ingavela kuphela ngesimo sokulandela okuncane, noma ingabi bikho ngokuphelele. Isisu sinombala ophuzi ngokusawolintshi, kubantu besentshonalanga nasentshonalanga eseningizimu sibomvu ngokusawolintshi. Ukuba khona nokulungiswa kwamabala amnyama esiswini kungasetshenziswa ukukhomba ama-subspecies.
Kuma-subspecies asempumalanga anezindawo eziyi-15 ekugcineni kwangaphakathi, kuma-subspecies asentshonalanga asevele eyi-17. Imikhuba ibushelelezi kanti i-anal scutellum ihlukene phakathi. Ubude bomzimba buhluka phakathi kwama-24 - 38 cm, ngaphandle kwama-regalis subspecies, angamasentimitha angama-38 - 46 ubude. Izinsikazi zonyaka wokuqala wenyoka zinobude obumaphakathi obungu-20 cm, okungama-60% wobude benyoka endala. Ngonyaka wesibili zikhula zifike cishe ku-24.5 cm, kuthi ngonyaka wesithathu zikhule zifike cishe ku-29 cm. Ngonyaka wesine, ubude bomzimba buzoba cishe ngama-34 cm, kuthi ngonyaka wesihlanu zifinyelele kuma-39 cm.
Abesilisa bakhulu kancane ezingeni lokuqala lokukhula, njengomthetho, bafinyelela ku-21.9 cm ngonyaka wokuqala, ama-26 cm kowesibili, ama-28 cm ngonyaka wesithathu, futhi cishe ngo-31 cm ngonyaka wesine. Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zifana ngombala, njengezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindala. Baningi abesifazane abadala kunabesilisa abavuthiwe. Ukuqothuka kwenzeka phakathi nazo zonke izinyanga zonyaka.
Inyoka ekhomba ikhola yokuzala.
Abesifazane baheha abesilisa ngama-pheromones ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngokwemvelo, ukukhwelana kwezinyoka zekhola bekuyivelakancane ngokweqile, kungekho ngaphezu kwamacala ayi-6 aqoshiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, izinyoka ziyahlangana, ezedoda zigcoba imilomo yazo evaliwe emzimbeni womlingani wazo. Bese beluma insikazi entanyeni yakhe, baqondanise umzimba wakhe wesifazane, bese bekhulula isidoda sakhe
Ukukhwelana ngezinyoka kungenzeka entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kanti ukuvuthwa kweqanda kuvela ngoJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda minyaka yonke, amaqanda ama-3 kuye kwayi-10 ngasikhathi sinye, endaweni evaliwe, emanzi. Ezindaweni ezihlala amakoloni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zizalela amaqanda emiphakathini yomphakathi. Anombala omhlophe onamaphethelo aphuzi futhi anabile ngokuma, alinganiselwa ku-1 intshi ubude. Izinyoka ezincane ziyavela ngo-Agasti noma ngoSepthemba.
Zizala zineminyaka emithathu, okungukuthi, ehlobo lesine. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngaphambili.
Izinyoka zekhola ezikhombayo azikhathali ngokuzala nokondla inzalo yazo. Zithola nje indawo efanelekayo yokwakha izidleke futhi zibekele amaqanda azo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinyoka ezincane, kunenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwabantu.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyoka zekhola ezikhonjiwe ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6 izinyanga ezimbili. Endle, kuqoshwe icala lokuphila isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Kukholakala ukuthi izinyoka zihlala emvelweni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Ukuziphatha kwenyoka ekhola.
Izinyoka ezinekhola ezikhombayo zitholakala emini emadwaleni akhanyisiwe ngqo elangeni ehlathini elivulekile.
Zisebenza ebusuku kuphela, emini ziphindela njalo ezindaweni ezithile.
Ziyizinyoka eziyimfihlo, ezingenalo ulaka ezihamba ebusuku futhi ezingavamile ukuzibonakalisa ezindaweni ezikhanyayo. Ngaphandle kokufihla kwabo, izinyoka zamakhola ezikhomba zihlala ngamaqembu ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu. Amakoloni ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu angahlala endaweni eyodwa. Izinyoka zisebenzisa ama-pheromones ukwazana.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlikihla amakhanda abo ngenkathi behlangana, kanti abesifazane bakhipha ama-pheromones esikhunjeni lapho beheha owesilisa. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinezitho zomqondo - ukubona, ukuhogela nokuthinta.
I-collar point snake nutrition.
Izinyoka ezikhonjisiwe zibamba izinyoni, ama-salamanders, amaxoxo, izinyoka ezincane zezinye izinhlobo. Zidla imisundu, ukudla kuncike endaweni yokuhlala kanye nesisulu esithile. Izinyoka zamakhola ezikhomba zisebenzisa ingcindezi engatheni ukukhubaza isisulu.
Izinyoka eziphazamisekile zinyakazisa umsila wazo bese ziphakama zibheke esitheni, zikhombisa isisu esibomvu ngokusawolintshi. Umbala obomvu ungasebenza njengesignali yokuxwayisa. Izinyoka zekhola ezikhombayo azivamile ukuluma, kepha zingakhipha iphunga le-musk elingemnandi lapho ngizwa ukucindezelwa komzimba.
Inani lenyoka ekhomba ikhola kubantu.
Izinyoka zamakhola ezikhomba ziyinto ebalulekile yokuhweba. Baheha abathandi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngombala wabo okhangayo, ukugcinwa okungathobeki, futhi bayizilwane ezibalulekile zocwaningo lwesayensi. Lokhu kubukeka kukulungele ukunakekelwa kwekhaya.
Ngokwemvelo, izinyoka zekhola zekhola zilawula abantu bezinambuzane.
Lapho izinyoka zamakhola wephoyinti zivela eduze kwekhaya lomuntu, kufanele zidluliselwe ezimweni ezifanele ngokwemvelo, azibeki songo sangempela.
Isimo sokongiwa kwenyoka yekhola.
Ama-subspecies amathathu enyoka yokhola wephoyinti asengozini. Bahlala eSan Diego (D.p similis), eSan Bernardino (D.p modus) nasezinhlotsheni ezingaphansi D.p acricus. Ama-subspecies asengozini yokuqothuka eFlorida anqunyelwe kwesinye seziqhingi esiqhingini. E-Idaho, i-D.p regalis kanye nama-subspecies asenyakatho ntshonalanga athathwa njengokukhathazeka okuthile futhi avikelwe ngaphansi komthetho wezwe.
Inyoka ekholwayo ekhonjwayo ayivamile ukubonwa, yize ijwayelekile kakhulu kulo lonke uhla lwayo. Le nyoka eyimfihlo, njengomthetho, ifihliwe ekuhloleni amehlo. Ngaphandle kwama-subspecies ambalwa angavamile, inyoka yekhola yephoyinti ihlangabezana nezinsongo ezincane ezinombolweni zayo.
