I-merganser ekaliwe (Mergus squamatus) ingeyomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-scaly merganser.
I-merganser enesikali inesayizi lomzimba cishe elingu-62 cm, amaphiko angamasentimitha angama-70 kuye kwangama-86. Isisindo: 870 - 1400 g. Njengazo zonke izihlobo eziseduze zomndeni wedada, lolu hlobo lubonisa ukufiphala kocansi kanye nezinguquko ezithile zonyaka kumbala wezimpaphe ziyabonakala.
Indoda esesikhathini sokudleke ine-crest ende ende kakhulu futhi ilenga. Inhloko nentamo kumnyama ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, ophikisana kahle nempaphe emhlophe ekhilimu enombala opinki ezansi nentamo nesifuba. Emaceleni, esiswini esingezansi, umsila we-sus, i-sacrum nangemuva kuyisethi enkulu yemibala emhlophe enamabala amnyama amnyama kakhulu ezinhlangothini. Ngalesi sici sombala wezimpaphe, lolu hlobo lwachazwa njenge-scaly. Izimpaphe zokumboza zentamo nesifunda esi-scapular zimnyama. Owesifazane uhluke ngokuphawulekayo ngombala wezimpaphe kowesilisa. Unentamo nekhanda elibomvu ngokunsundu nekhanda elinemigqa emhlophe ehlakazekile ezansi entanyeni, ingxenye yesifuba naphakathi kwesisu. Izinhlangothi zentamo, izinhlangothi, ingaphakathi lesisu ne-sacrum zinephethini efanayo emhlophe ekhanyayo. Ehlobo, iphethini le-scaly liyanyamalala, izinhlangothi nomhlane kuba mpunga, njengakumadada amancane.
Ama-mergansers amancane ama-scaly abukeka njengabesifazane. Bathola umbala wezimpaphe wezinyoni ezindala ekupheleni kobusika bokuqala. Umlomo ubomvu ngethiphu emnyama. Izinyawo nemilenze kubomvu.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-scaly merganser.
Ama-Scaly merganser atholakala ngasemifuleni, osebeni lwawo olwakhiwe izihlahla ezinde.
Zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ahlanganisiwe anezinhlobo eziwukhuni nezinama-coniferous emithambekeni endaweni engaphansi kwamamitha ayi-900.
Ngokuvamile kukhethwa amahlathi amadala asemqoka anezihlahla ezinkulu ezifana nama-elms, ama-lindens nama-poplar, kepha futhi kukhethwa nama-oki nemipini. Izindawo ezinjalo ezinezihlahla ezindala zithandwa kakhulu yizinyoni ngezimo ezinhle zokuzalela, njengoba zinemigodi eminingi.
Lapho befika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, ama-scaly merganser aqala ukuvela osebeni lwemifula namachibi, ngaphambi kokugcina azinze osebeni lwemifula encane yokuthola izidleke. ERussia, amadada akhetha indawo enezintaba noma enamagquma emifuleni enokugeleza okuzolile namanzi acwebile acwebezelayo, iziqhingi, amatshe amatshe amatshe amancane nesihlabathi. E-China, ukukhetha akuhlukile kakhulu: osebeni lwemifula olunamajika amaningi nokudla okunothile, ukugeleza okuhamba kancane namanzi acwebile, phansi okunamadwala nokugwegwile. Kwezinye izindawo ezinezintaba, ama-scaly merganser avame ukutholakala eduze nemithombo, ngoba ayikho imifula emikhulu kulezi zindawo.
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzala, kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi, amadada adla osebeni lwemifula emikhulu, ezindaweni ezivulekile zehlathi.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-scaly merganser.
Ama-Scaly mergansers ahlala ngababili noma ngamaqembu emindeni amancane. Le mihlambi ayihlali unomphela ngoba amaqembu amancane amadada amancane anamathela ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lapho abesifazane befukamela, abesilisa babuthana emhlambini wabantu abayishumi kuya kwabangu-25 futhi bathuthele isikhathi esifushane baye kolwandle ezindaweni ezicashile.
Izinsikazi namadada amancane ashiya izindawo zokwakha izidleke kusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ukuhamba uye phakathi nendawo nangaphansi komfula usuka ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke yisigaba sokuqala sohambo olude oluya ezindaweni zobusika. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, izinyoni ziya olwandle lwemifula emikhulu enkabeni yeChina. Ukubuyela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Scaly merganser.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-scaly merganser athola ukudla eduze kwesidleke, ebangeni elilodwa noma amabili. Indawo yokudla ishintsha njalo ngaphakathi kwendawo yokwakha izidleke, engamakhilomitha ama-3 noma ama-4 ubude. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, kuthatha cishe amahora ayi-14 noma ayi-15 ukuthola ukudla. Lesi sikhathi sokondla sigcinwa ngamaqembu amancane ezinyoni ezintathu, kepha siyanda ngesikhathi sokufuduka.
Izindiza ezinde zifakwa ngezikhathi zokuphumula ezincane lapho amadada exubha izimpaphe zawo futhi egeza.
E-China, ukudla kwe-scaly merganser kuqukethe izilwane kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokwakha izidleke, izibungu ze-caddis ezihlala ezansi ngaphansi kwe-gravel zenza cishe i-95% yesilwane esidliwayo. Ngemuva kukaJulayi, ukudla kwamadada kushintsha kakhulu, babamba izinhlanzi ezincane (char, lamprey), ezicasha emifantwini phakathi kwamatshe ezansi komfula, kanye nama-crustaceans (imfanzi ne-crayfish). Lokhu kudla kugcinwa ngoSepthemba, lapho amadada amancane ekhula.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-scaly merganser anezimbangi zokudla ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngo-Okthoba, lapho bethuthela osebeni lwemifula emikhulu, ngaphandle kwamahlathi, badla ngokuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo zamadada okuntywila, abamele i-Anatidae bangabaphikisana nabo ekufuneni ukudla.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokufakwa isidleke kwe-merganser enesikhala.
Ama-Scaly mergansers imvamisa ayizinyoni ezizodwa. Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili futhi baqale ukuzala ekuqaleni konyaka wesithathu.
Izinyoni zivela ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ekupheleni kukaMashi. Ukwakhiwa kwamabhangqa kwenzeka ngemuva nje kwalokho, phakathi nenyanga ka-Ephreli.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi futhi siqhubeka ngoJuni kwezinye izindawo. Elinye idada lamadada ahlala endaweni engamakhilomitha ama-4 ngasosebeni lomfula. Isidleke senyoni sihlelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1.5 kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-18 ukusuka phansi. Siqukethe utshani kanye fluff. Isidleke sivame ukubekwa esihlahleni esisogwini esibheke emanzini, kepha hhayi njalo kutholakala ebangeni lamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka ogwini.
Ku-clutch, kunamaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-12, ezimweni ezehlukile afinyelela ku-14. Njengomthetho, ama-scaly mergansers ane-clutch eyodwa ngonyaka. Noma kunjalo, uma amaphuphu okuqala efa nganoma yisiphi isizathu, idada lenza ibhande lesibili. Insikazi ifukamela yodwa isikhathi esingahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-31 kuye kwezingu-35. Amachwane okuqala avela maphakathi noMeyi, kepha inqwaba yamachwane amadada achamusela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Amanye ama-brood angavela ngemuva kwaphakathi kukaJuni.
Amachwane ashiya isidleke ngezinsuku ezingama-48-60. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, babuthana ngemihlambi yabantu abangaba ngu-20, eholwa idada elikhulile. Lapho amadada amancane efinyelela emasontweni ayisishiyagalombili ubudala, imvamisa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Agasti, ashiya izindawo zawo zokwakha izidleke.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBI2cyyHHp8
