Idada lomfula (Merganetta armata) lingelomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes. Elinye igama yi-Andes spur duck, noma i-Andean duck.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada lomfula
Idada elinsundu lilinganiselwa ku-46 cm. Isisindo: 315 kuye ku-440 g.
Umbala wezimpaphe uyahluka hhayi ngokobulili kuphela, kepha futhi kuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwawo kwezwe. Kunezinhlobo ezincane eziyisithupha zedada lomfula.
Indoda endala inemishwe enezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ngokuhleleka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemigqa yephethini.
Isigqoko esimnyama nokumaphakathi kuqhathaniswa namashiya amhlophe, imivimbo emhlophe iya ngemuva kwekhanda futhi ihlangane ngokuma kohlamvu u-V. Maphakathi nentamo kumnyama, kuqhutshekwe nemivimbo emnyama egudla ngamehlo futhi ehlangana nephethini emise okwe-V ngemuva kwekhanda. Ehlangothini lentamo, umugqa omnyama ujoyina umugqa omnyama ohlangothini lwamehlo. Lonke ikhanda nentamo kumhlophe.
Isifuba nezinhlangothi kunemibala eguquguqukayo emnyama, ensundu ngoku nsundu enezinsimbi ezimnyama, kepha phakathi kwala mathoni ayisisekelo kunezinhlobo zombala eziphakathi. Isisu simnyama mpunga. Isembozo sezimpaphe sonke somzimba kanye nesifunda esine-scapular kunezimpaphe ezikhethekile ezinwetshiwe nezikhombe, ezimnyama nsundu, maphakathi nomngcele omhlophe. Izimpaphe zangemuva, isigaxa nomsila ezinemigqa emincane engwevu nomnyama. Izimpaphe zomsila zinde, nsundu ngokumpunga. Izimpaphe zokumboza zephiko ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mpunga, ngesibuko "esiluhlaza" esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esihlakaleni elimhlophe. Izimpaphe eziphambili zinsundu ngokumpunga.
Insikazi inokwehluka okuphawulekayo kumbala wezimpaphe zekhanda nomzimba ophansi. Isigqoko, izinhlangothi zobuso nentamo, ingemuva lekhanda nazo zonke izimpaphe ezitholakala ngenhla ziyimpunga, zinamachashazi amancane kakhulu. Endaweni yamahlombe, izimpaphe zihlisiwe futhi zikhonjisiwe, zimnyama, engxenyeni yazo emaphakathi. Umqala, ngaphambili kwentamo nezimpaphe ezingezansi kombala ogqamile obomvu ngokugqamile obomvu. Izimpiko nomsila kuyafana nokweduna.
Izinyoni ezincane zinezingubo ezimhlophe ezingaphansi ezixubene ne-tinge empunga. Izinhlangothi zomzimba zidlulile ngemivimbo empunga emnyama.
Indawo yokuhlala idada
Idada lomfula lihlala ezifundeni ezinamadwala e-Andes, lapho ama-rapids nezimpophoma zishintshana khona nezindawo zamanzi ezolile. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile ziphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1,500 kanye nama-3,500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kepha cishe ezingeni lolwandle eChile kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-4 500 eBolivia.
Idada lomfula lasakazeka
I-Brook duck isatshalaliswa kabanzi cishe kuwo wonke amaketanga e-Andes, Merida naseTechira eVenezuela. Indawo yokuhlala idlula eColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eBolivia, phambili entshonalanga ukusuka e-Argentina naseChile kuya eTierra del Fuego. Izinyoni, ezitholakala phezulu ezintabeni, zehlela ezigodini ebusika, kuyaqabukela zingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1000, ngaphandle kweChile. EColombia, zaqoshwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezifika kumamitha angama-300.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada lomfula
Amadada ase Brook ahlala ngababili noma ngemindeni ehlala ngasemifudlaneni. Zivame ukuma emadwaleni osebeni noma emadwaleni maphakathi nomfula. Zibhukuda emifudlaneni emikhulu, ngobuchule zigwema izithiyo, futhi umzimba nomsila kuvame ukufihlwa ngokuphelele emanzini bese kusala ikhanda nentamo kuphela ngaphezulu.
Zihamba ngokushesha ngaphansi kwempophoma noma eduze kakhulu, zingakunaki ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokubhukuda, amadada asemifuleni akhuphuka amatshe ukuze aphumule. Izinyoni eziphazamisekile ziyacwila futhi zibhukude ngaphansi kwamanzi noma zindiza ziphansi ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Amadada aseBrooklyn angabagibeli ababhukudi nabatshuzi abasebenza kahle ngokubhukuda futhi ngezikhathi ezithile bakhombisa ukundiza okuhambayo.
Lawa madada andiza ibanga ukusuka kulilitha elilodwa kuya kwamamitha amaningi ngaphezu kobuso bomfula ukuze asuke engxenyeni ethile echibini aye kwelinye. Zibhukuda zisebenzisa imilenze yazo emikhulu, enamandla futhi zinqekuzise amakhanda ngenkathi zibhukuda. Imizimba yabo emincane iyabavumela ukuba badlule ngokushesha emifuleni yezimpophoma. Uzipho lwazo olude, olunamandla zilungele ukunamathela emadwaleni ashelelayo. Imisila eqinile isetshenziswa njengezintambo zokubhukuda nokubhukuda, kanye nokulinganisa emadwaleni ashibilika futhi ashelelayo phakathi komfula.
Amadada ase Brook ayizinyoni eziqaphile futhi, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, acwilisa imizimba yawo eminingi emanzini ukugwema ukubanjwa. Amadada alungisa njalo izimpaphe zawo ukuze agcine izimfanelo zawo zingangenwa ngamanzi.
Ukundiza kwamadada asemifuleni kunamandla, kuyashesha, futhi kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme. Izinyoni zenza amaphiko amancane amaphiko azo, bese zilandela indlela egudlukayo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bakhipha impempe ehlabayo. Lapho indiza, owesilisa uzala ukukhala okunamandla, okuphindaphindwayo futhi kuzwakale kahle, yize kunomsindo wamanzi. Izwi lowesifazane lisebenza kakhulu futhi liphansi.
Ukondla idada lase Brook
Amadada aseBrooklyn efuna ukudla angena ngesibindi emisakazweni nasezimpophomeni ezisheshayo. Babheka izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-molluscs nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ngosizo lomlomo omncane futhi oxhumeke ekugcineni, amadada ngobuciko adonsela inyamazane yawo phakathi kwamatshe. Lapho bedoba, basebenzisa izimfanelo zabo ezenza lezi zinyoni zibhukude kahle kakhulu: imilenze ebanzi kakhulu iguqulelwa ukubhukuda nokuntywila. Umzimba omncane unesimo esihlelekile kanye nomsila omude onzima osebenza njengephini lokuqondisa. Ukuthola ukudla, amadada emifudlana acwilisa amakhanda nezintamo zawo ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi acishe acishe wonke umzimba.
Ukuzala nokuzala isidleke sedada
Kumiswa ngababili abazinzile futhi abazinzile emadolobheni asemifuleni. Izikhathi zokuzalela ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, uma kunikezwe umehluko omkhulu kubude obuphakathi kwama-subspecies ahlukahlukene. Esifundeni se-equatorial, isikhathi sokuzalela siside kakhulu, kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuNovemba, ngenxa yokuzinza noma ukwehla okuncane kwezinga lokushisa. EPeru, ukuzalanisa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile, ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, ngenkathi eseChile, lapho amadada azalela khona ezindaweni eziphansi, ukuzalisana kwenzeka ngoNovemba. Insimu yokwakheka kwezinyoni ezimbili ihlanganisa indawo engaba yikhilomitha emfuleni.
Owesifazane wakha isidleke sotshani obomile, obucasha ngaphansi kwebhange eligingqikayo, ngokuqhekeka phakathi kwamatshe, ngaphansi kwezimpande noma emgodini, esidlekeni esidala senkosi noma nje ezimileni eziminyene.
Ngokuvamile kunamaqanda ama-3 noma ama-4 ku-clutch. Izikhathi zokufukamela, izinsuku ezingama-43 noma ezingama-44, zinde kakhulu ngama-anatidae. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokubukeka, amachwane amadada amhlophe - amnyama ayakwazi ukubhukuda, futhi ngesibindi agijimela emanzini, ezindaweni eziyingozi emfuleni idada lithwala amatshwele emhlane. Banxephezela ukungabi nolwazi kwabo ngamandla amakhulu futhi bakhombisa ubuqili obukhulu ekukhuphukeni kwamatshe.
Lapho amadada amadala emifula ezimela, aqala ukufuna izindawo ezintsha, lapho ahlala khona unomphela futhi ahlala lapho impilo yabo yonke.
Isimo sokonga sedada lomfula
Amadada aseBrooklyn anabantu abaningi abazinzile futhi, njengomthetho, bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezingadabuki, ezisebenza njengesivikelo semvelo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyoni zithinteka ekuguqulweni kwendawo yokuhlala njengokungcola kwezibulala-zinambuzane endaweni, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu kagesi, nokuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo ze-trout ezincintisana ngokudla. Kwezinye izindawo, amadada asemifuleni aqothulwe ngabantu.
