Idada elimnyama laseMelika (i-Anas rubripes) noma i-American black mallard ingeyomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Ukusabalala kwedada elimnyama laseMelika
Idada elimnyama laseMelika lidabuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeManitoba, eMinnesota. Indawo yokuhlala igijimela empumalanga ezifundazweni zaseWisconsin, e-Illinois, e-Ohio, ePennsylvania, eMaryland, eNtshonalanga Virginia, eVirginia. Kufaka phakathi izindawo ezinamahlathi e-Eastern Canada eNyakatho Quebec naseNyakatho Labrador. Lezi zinhlobo zamadada zingaphezu kwezindawo ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zohlobo lwazo naseningizimu kuya eGulf Coast, eFlorida naseBermuda.
Indawo yokuhlala yedada elimnyama laseMelika
Idada elimnyama laseMelika lithanda ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni zamanzi ezintsha nezino brackish eziphakathi kwamahlathi. Uhlala emaxhaphozini anezindawo ezine-acid ne-alkaline, kanye nasemachibini, emachibini nasemiseleni eseduze nensimu. Kusatshalaliswa emabhishi nasezizalweni zemifula. Ikhetha izindawo ezilungele ukudla, ezibandakanya amatheku angamachibi anezindawo ezinamanzi ezincikene nazo.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni zihlangana emadamini amakhulu, avulekile, olwandle, ngisho nasolwandle oluphakeme. Amadada amnyama aseMelika ngokwengxenye afuduka. Ezinye izinyoni zihlala eGreat Lakes unyaka wonke.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, abantu basenyakatho iningi kakhulu ledada elimnyama laseMelika baya ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi ogwini lwe-Atlantic eNyakatho Melika futhi baya kude eningizimu baya eTexas. Abanye abantu babonakala ePuerto Rico, eKorea naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho abanye babo bethola indawo yokuhlala unomphela isikhathi eside.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada elimnyama laseMelika
Idada elimnyama laseMelika elinezimpaphe zokuzalela linezindawo ekhanda ezinemithambo eqinile emnyama, ikakhulukazi ngamehlo, nasekhakhayini. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba, kubandakanya umsila nezimpiko, inombala onsundu ngokumnyama.
Izimpaphe ezingezansi zimnyama, zimnyama - nsundu ngamaphethelo abomvu ngokubomvu namachashazi. Izimpaphe zokundiza zesibili zine "isibuko" se-iriscent eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enomugqa omnyama emngceleni nethiphu emhlophe emincane. Izimpaphe zokundiza zemfundo ephakeme ziyacwebezela, zimnyama, kepha ezinye izimpaphe ziyimpunga emnyama noma nsundu ngombala omnyama, kanti ngezansi kumhlophe okusansili.
Iris yeso insundu.
Umlomo wayo uphuzi ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ophuzi ngokugqamile, onama-marigolds amnyama. Imilenze ibomvu ngokusawolintshi. Insikazi inomlomo ohlaza okotshani noma womnqumo onebala elincane elimnyama. Imilenze nezidladla kungu-olive-brown.
Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezincane ufana nezimpaphe zabantu abadala, kepha wehlukile ezindaweni eziningi ezinamabala amade esifubeni nangaphansi komzimba. Izimpaphe zinemiphetho ebanzi, kepha imnyama kunezeluleko. Lapho indiza, idada elimnyama laseMelika libukeka njengemallard. Kepha kubukeka kumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama, ikakhulukazi izimpiko ziyabonakala, ezihlukile kwezinye izimpaphe.
Ukuzalela I-American Black Duck
Ukuzalela kumadada amnyama aseMelika kuqala ngoMashi-Ephreli. Izinyoni zivame ukubuyela ezindaweni zazo zakudala zokwakha izidleke, futhi imvamisa ngisebenzisa izakhiwo ezindala zokwakha izidleke noma ngihlele isidleke esisha ngamamitha ayi-100 ukusuka esakhiweni esidala. Isidleke sikhona phansi futhi sifihlwe phakathi kohlaza, kwesinye isikhathi emgodini noma emgodini ophakathi kwamatshe.
Clutch iqukethe 6-10 amaqanda aluhlaza - ophuzi.
Zibekwa esidlekeni ngezikhathi ezithile ngosuku. Izinsikazi ezincane zizalela amaqanda ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, owesilisa uhlala eduze kwesidleke cishe amasonto amabili. Kepha ukubamba kwakhe iqhaza ekuzaleni inzalo akukasungulwa. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-27. Kaningi, amaqanda namachwane aba yizisulu zamagwababa nama-raccoon. Ama-broods okuqala avela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi aqandusela iziqongo ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Amadada asekwazi ukulandela idada emahoreni angu-1-3. Owesifazane uhola inzalo yakhe amasonto ayi-6-7.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada elimnyama laseMelika
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokwakha isidleke, amadada amnyama aseMelika ayizinyoni ezijabule kakhulu. Ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, bakha imihlambi yezinyoni eziyinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, kwakhiwa ngababili, umhlambi uyancipha futhi unciphe kancane kancane. Amabili abunjelwa kuphela inkathi yokuzalanisa futhi akhona izinyanga ezimbalwa. Inani eliphakeme lobudlelwano obuhlukumezayo lwenzeka maphakathi nobusika, futhi ngo-Ephreli, cishe bonke abesifazane bazoba nobudlelwano obakheke ngababili.
Ukudla idada elimnyama laseMelika
Amadada amnyama aseMelika adla imbewu nezingxenye zemifino yezitshalo zasemanzini. Ekudleni, ama-invertebrate akha ingxenye ephakeme kakhulu:
- izinambuzane,
- izimbaza,
- ama-crustaceans, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Izinyoni zondla emanzini angajulile, zihlale zihlola phansi udaka ngomlomo wazo, noma zijike zibheke phansi zizama ukuthola inyamazane yazo. Zicwila ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-American Black Duck - Into Yomdlalo
I-American Black Duck ibilokhu iwukuzingelwa kwezinyoni zamanzi okubalulekile eNyakatho Melika isikhathi eside.
Isimo sokonga sedada elimnyama laseMelika
Inani lamadada amnyama aseMelika ngeminyaka yo-1950 lalicishe libe yizigidi ezi-2, kepha inani lezinyoni belilokhu lehla njalo kusukela lapho. Njengamanje, cishe bangama-50 000 abahlala emvelweni. Izizathu zokwehla kwamanani azaziwa, kepha le nqubo kungenzeka ingenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukonakala kwamanzi nekhwalithi yokudla, ukuzingela okukhulu, ukuncintisana nezinye izinhlobo zamadada nokuxutywa nama-mallards.
Ukuvela kwabantu abangamabhastidi kudala izinkinga ezithile zokukhiqizwa kohlobo futhi kuholela ekwehleni kwesibalo sedada elimnyama laseMelika.
Izinsikazi ezingama-hybrid azisebenzi kahle, ekugcineni ezithinta ukuzalaniswa kwenzalo. AmaHybrids awafani neze nezinyoni ezingewona ama-hybrid, ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziyizinsikazi zivame ukufa ngaphambi kokuba zibe nesikhathi sokubeletha. Lokhu kubonakala ngokusobala ezimweni zeziphambano ezingaphakathi kusuka kudada omnyama waseMelika kuye enxanxatheleni yezitolo.
Njengomphumela wokukhethwa kwemvelo, ama-mallards amaningi athuthukise izici ezizinzile eziguqukayo nezimo zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, inani elincane le-American Black Duck lithola ithonya elengeziwe lofuzo. Njengamanje, kubalulekile ukugwema amaphutha ekuhlonzweni kwezinhlobo.
