Idada likaMöller, noma iMadagascar mallard, noma itiye likaMöller (lat. Anas melleri) lingelomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zedada likaMeller
Idada likaMeller liyinyoni enkulu, ubukhulu bayo bungu-55-68 cm.
Izimpaphe zimnyama nsundu, zinemiphetho emincane ephaphathekile yezimpaphe ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba nemivimbo ebanzi ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba. Ngaphandle, ifana nensikazi emnyama emnyama (A. platyrhynchos), kodwa ngaphandle kwamashiya. Ikhanda limnyama. Ingaphezulu lesibuko esiluhlaza linqunywe umugqa omncane omhlophe. Izimpiko zimhlophe qwa. Iphansi limhlophe qwa. Umthethosivivinywa ungumbala ompunga, kunalokho mude, unezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezimnyama ezansi. Imilenze nezidladla ziwolintshi. Idada likaMöller lihlukile kwamanye amadada asendle ngokungabi khona kwezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezibonakalayo phezulu.
Idada likaMöller lasakazeka
Idada likaMöller ligcwele eMadagascar. Itholakala ethafeni eliphakeme elisempumalanga nasenyakatho. Kukhona abantu abahlala ezindaweni eziqhelile ezingasentshonalanga yethafa, mhlawumbe ezizulazulayo noma izinyoni eziyimihambuma. Abantu baseMauritius kungenzeka bacishe noma basondele ekuqothulweni. Yize phambilini lolu hlobo lwamadada lwalusatshalaliswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseMadagascar, kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwesiqhingi ngabantu, kube nokwehla okubanzi kwamanani okuqhubekile eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.
Idada likaMöller alitholakali ndawo, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezinamahlathi eNyakatho-ntshonalanga nasezixhaphozini ezizungeze iLake Alaotra, lapho kunezimbhangqwana eziningana, kodwa zizala kancane kakhulu. Zonke izinyoni kulesi siqhingi zakha inani elilodwa lezinyoni ezingaba ngu-500.
Izindawo zikadada zikaMöller
Idada likaMöller litholakala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zamanzi angenawo amanzi ezisukela olwandle kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2000. Kutholakala kakhulu emifudlaneni emincane egelezela empumalanga isuka ethafeni eliphakeme, kodwa futhi ihlala emachibini, emifuleni, emachibini nasezixhaphozini ezisendaweni yamahlathi aswakeme. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala emadlelweni elayisi. Uthanda ukubhukuda emanzini ahamba kancane, kodwa futhi uhlala emifudlaneni egeleza ngokushesha nasemifuleni lapho zingekho izindawo ezifanelekile. Idada likaMöller alivamisile ukuhlala ezindaweni ezisogwini, futhi emanzini angaphakathi nezwe likhetha amachibi emifula nemifula engenamuntu.
Kuzala idada likaMeller
Amadada kaMöller azala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Amabili abunjwa ngesikhathi sokudleke. Amadada kaMeller ayindawo futhi ahlasele ezinye izinhlobo zamadada. Ukuhlalisa izinyoni ezimbili, indawo efinyelela ku-2 km ubude iyadingeka. Izinyoni ezingazaleli zivame ukubuthana ngamaqembu amancane kwesinye isikhathi zibe ziningi. Isibonelo, umhlambi wezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-200 uqoshwe eLake Alaotra. Amaqanda abekwa phakathi kukaSepthemba no-Ephreli. Isikhathi esiqondile sokushutheka sincike ezingeni lemvula.
Amadada kaMöller akha isidleke ngotshani obomile, amaqabunga nezinye izimila.
Icasha ngezixuku zohlaza olunotshani emhlabathini onqenqemeni lwamanzi. Usayizi weClutch ungamaqanda ama-5-10, lelo idada lifukamela amasonto ama-4. Izinyoni ezisencane zigcwele ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-9.
Ukondla idada likaMöller
Idada likaMöller lithola ukudla ngokukubheka emanzini, kodwa liyakwazi ukudla emhlabathini. Ukudla kufaka imbewu yezitshalo zasemanzini kanye nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, ikakhulukazi ama-molluscs. Ekuthunjweni, badla izinhlanzi ezincane, izimpukane ze-chironomid, ulwelwe oluyintambo notshani. Ukuba khona kwamadada kaMöller emasimini elayisi kungenxa yokudliwa kwezinhlamvu zelayisi.
Izici zokuziphatha kwedada elincane
Amadada kaMöller ayizinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlala phansi, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile avele ogwini olusentshonalanga, enza ukufuduka okuncane eMadagascar.
Izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sedada likaMeller
Idada likaMöller yizinhlobo zezinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakala eMadagascar. Kuyinto ebalulekile yokuzingela kwezentengiselwano nezemidlalo; baze babeke izingibe ezinyonini ukubamba leli dada. Eduze neLake Alaotra, cishe ama-18% amadada emhlabeni. Leli yizinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuzingela, njengoba ugu lweLake Alaotra luyindawo enendawo enhle yamadada. Ukuzingela ngokujulile ebangeni eliningi nokungabekezelelani kwalezi zinhlobo lapho kukhona abantu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kuphoqa amadada kaMeller ukuthi ashiye izindawo zawo zokwakha izidleke. Ngalezi zizathu, kukhona ukwehla okusheshayo kwenani lezinyoni kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala.
Isimo sibhebhethekiswa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, okushintshwa kakhulu ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi isikhathi eside enkangala.
Amaxhaphozi asetshenziselwa izilimo zelayisi. Izinga lamanzi emifuleni nasemifudlaneni liya ngokuya liwohloka, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kungenzeka ukuthi izinqubo ezinjalo ezingalungiseki zibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwesibalo samadada kaMeller. Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye, ikakhulukazi iMicropterus salmoides (yize lokhu kubhekwa njengokwehlisiwe) kusongela amachwane futhi kungaba yisizathu sokuthi amadada kaMeller ashiye enye indawo efanelekayo.
Ukwehla kwamanani eMauritius kuhlotshaniswa nokuzingela, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokungeniswa kwamagundane nama-mongoose, okucekela phansi amaqanda namachwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxubana ne-mallard (i-Anas platyrhynchos) kuthinta kabi ukukhiqizwa kohlobo. Amadada kaMöller ayizinyoni zendawo futhi azwela ekuchayekeni nasekuphazamisweni kwabantu.
Unogada wedada likaMöller
Idada likaMöller litholakala okungenani ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa ezivikelwe, futhi litholakala ezindaweni eziyi-14 zezinyoni, ezimele ama-78% endawo eyixhaphozi empumalanga yeMadagascar. Ngaphandle kokuzalanisa okuvamile, inani ledada likaMöller cishe ngeke libuyiselwe. Ngo-2007, kwenziwa umzamo wokukhulisa isibalo sezikhungo ezizalela izinyoni ekuthunjweni, kepha lokhu akwenele ukululama ngokugcwele.
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezivikelwe.
Kunesidingo sokuvikela yonke indawo yokuhlala yedada iMöller, engakashintshwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amaxhaphozi aseLake Alaotra. Ucwaningo olukhulu kumele lwenziwe emaxhaphozini asempumalanga njengendawo efanele amadada aseMöller. Ukufundwa kwemvelo yalezi zinhlobo kuzoveza zonke izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo samadada, futhi ukwenziwa kohlelo lokuzalela izinyoni ekuthunjweni kuzokwandisa inani lazo.
Ukugcina idada likaMöller ekuthunjweni
Ehlobo, amadada kaMeller agcinwa ezinkanjini ezivulekile. Ebusika, izinyoni zidluliselwa egumbini elifudumele, lapho izinga lokushisa lingu- + 15 ° C. Amaphoyinti namagatsha afakelwe i-perch. Beka ichibi elinamanzi agobhozayo noma isitsha lapho kufakwa khona amanzi njalo. Kubekwa utshani obuthambile bokulala. Njengawo wonke amadada, amadada kaMoeller adla:
- okuphakelayo okusanhlamvu (amabele, ukolweni, ummbila, ibhali),
- okuphakelayo kwamaprotheni (inyama nenyama yethambo kanye nenhlanzi).
Izinyoni zinikezwa imifino eqoshiwe, amagobolondo amancane, ushoki, ukudla okumanzi ngendlela yemash. Amadada kaMöller azalela ekuthunjweni.
