Umthakathi waseMelika (u-Anas americana) ungowomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokunyakaza kwaseMelika
Isangoma saseMelika sinobukhulu bomzimba obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-56. Amaphiko wona asuka ku-76 kuye kuma-89 cm Isisindo: 408 - 1330 amagremu.
Iwigi yaseMelika inebunzi elimhlophe. Intamo ende, uqhwaku olufushane, ikhanda eliyindilinga. Izimpaphe zomzimba zibomvana ngokubomvu futhi nekhanda elimpunga le-motley. Umthethosivivinywa u-grey-grey onomngcele omnyama omncane esisekelweni. Imilenze imnyama mpunga. Endizeni, kuvela "isibuko", simnyama ngotshani - kuchichima okumnyama. Owesilisa unezimpaphe zomsila ezimnyama ezimnyama ezifihliwe, ebunzini elimhlophe, nemivimbo ebanzi eluhlaza e-iridescent ngemuva kwamehlo ezinhlangothini zekhanda kuye ku-occiput.
Kwabesifazane nezinyoni ezisencane, izimpawu ezinjalo ezimpapheni azikho.
Izihlathi nentamo engenhla enemigqa yamachashazi empunga. Isifuba kanye nohlangothi kunsundu ngokubomvana ngokuqhathaniswa nengxenye engemuva yombala omhlophe-mnyama, futhi isisu esimhlophe sigqamile ngemuva kwesikhumba esinsundu ngaphezulu esinomthunzi omhlophe wezimpaphe ezimbozwe ngamaphiko. Abesilisa bavamise ukuzala izimpaphe zemidlalo kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Abesifazane nabesifazane abasha baseMelika bahlukaniswa ngombala wezimpaphe onesizotha.
Ukusabalala kwe-wiggle yaseMelika
Isangoma saseMelika sisakazeka maphakathi nezwekazi laseMelika.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-wigeon yaseMelika
Isangoma saseMelika sitholakala emachibini, emaxhaphozini amanzi angenasawoti, emifuleni nasezindaweni zezolimo ezisemngceleni wolwandle. Ogwini, lolu hlobo lwamadada luhlala emachibini, emachibini nasezizalweni zemifula, luvela emabhishi esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezindawo ezinamagagasi aphakeme kakhulu futhi aphansi kakhulu, lapho kuvezwa khona izimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi lapho amanzi ehamba. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, isangoma saseMelika sithanda ama-peatlands namaxhaphozi aseduze namasimu emithi emanzi. Izinyoni zikhetha izimfunda ezimanzi ezinotshani obuningi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokwakha izidleke.
Izici zokuziphatha kwewigi yaseMelika
Ama-wiggles aseMelika angamadada e-diurnal, achitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emanzini, ukubhukuda nokondla. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni zamadada aluhlangani kakhulu futhi aluvamile ukubonwa ngokugxila okukhulu, ngaphandle kwalapho kuthuthwa nasezindaweni zokuphakelwa kwabantu abaningi, lapho izinsiza zokudla ziningi khona. Ama-wiggles aseMelika avame ukwakha isidleke eduze kwama-mallards nama-coots. Banesimo sendawo esiqinile: imvamisa inyoni eyodwa ihlala endaweni eyodwa echibini. Ukundiza kwe-wigeon yaseMelika kushesha kakhulu, imvamisa kuxubaniswa nokujika, ukwehla nokwenyuka.
Ukuzalanisa amaMelika kuyabhibilika
Ama-wiggles aseMelika aphakathi kwezinyoni zasemanzini zokuqala ukuvela ezindaweni zobusika. Ekupheleni kobusika, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga nobude bosuku kuyanda, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, kwakheka intuthu, imvamisa ngoFebhuwari. Izinsuku zokuzala azinazo izinsuku ezihleliwe futhi zincike kwikhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala kanye nobuningi bemithombo yokudla.
Indoda ikhombisa ukubhukuda phambi kowesifazane ngamajezi ekhanda, izimpiko phezulu, futhi ishayisana nedada. Isiko lokuqomisana lihambisana ne- “burp,” elenziwa owesilisa ngomsindo omuncu, kuphakamisa izimpaphe eziqinile phezulu kwekhanda lakhe nomzimba wakhe endaweni emile, kungaba phambi noma eduze kowesifazane.
Njengamadada amaningi, ama-wiggles aseMelika athathwa njengezinyoni ezizodwa.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesilisa babuthana ndawonye, beshiya abesifazane bezikhethela indawo yokwakha isidleke ngokwabo, ukuhlomisa indawo eyimfihlo yokubekela amaqanda. Kuze kube sekupheleni kokufukamela, ama-drake akha amaqembu ndawonye nabesifazane abangazalanisi bese eqala ukuncibilika. Abesifazane bakhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke ehlale ifihlwe kahle otshanini obude futhi etholakala emhlabathini kude kakhulu namanzi, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike kumamitha angama-400.
Isidleke sakhiwe ngotshani, sifakwe amaqabunga nedada phansi. Ukufukamela kuqala ngemva kokubekwa kweqanda lokugcina futhi kuvame ukuhlala izinsuku ezingama-25. Bamba iqukethe kusuka amaqanda 9 kuya 12. Insikazi ichitha cishe 90% wesikhathi esidlekeni. Abesilisa ababambiqhaza ekuzaleni nasekondleni inzalo. Amachwane ashiya isidleke kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa nedada. Echibini, amadada azama ukujoyina amanye ama-broods, kepha insikazi iyakuvimbela lokhu.
Ukuze avikele amantshontsho awo ezilwaneni ezizingelayo, amadada amadala avamise ukuphazamisa izitha emaphuphu azo ngokuwela ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, amadada angangena emanzini noma aphephele ezimileni eziminyene. Ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaseli esuka kude namantshontsho, insikazi iyandiza ihambe ngokushesha. Amadada azimela ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-37 - 48, kepha lesi sikhathi side kakhulu noma kancane ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, isimo sezulu, isipiliyoni sedada nesikhathi sokuchanyuselwa.
Amachwane adla kakhulu izinambuzane amasonto ambalwa; abese eshintshela ekudleni izimila zasemanzini. Abesifazane bavame ukushiya amantshontsho amadada ngaphambi kokuba aguquke abe izimpaphe (cishe amasonto ayisithupha), kwesinye isikhathi amadada amadala ahlala endaweni kuze kube ukuqhuma nokuvela okulandelayo.
Ukuphakelwa Kwe-American Wiggle
Izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezivakashelwe ama-wiggles aseMelika zikhombisa ukuhlukahluka okufana nokudla. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luyakhetha ekukhetheni izindawo zokuphakela futhi lukhetha izindawo lapho kunezinqwaba zezinambuzane nezimila zasemanzini. Amaqabunga nezimpande ukudla okuncanyelwayo.
Njengoba ama-wiggles aseMelika engabatshuzi ababi futhi etshuza kanzima ukuthola lokhu kudla, bamane bathathe ukudla kwezinye izinyoni zamanzi:
- mnyama,
- coot,
- amahansi,
- muskrat.
Ama-wiggles aseMelika alinda ukuvela kwalezi zinhlobo ebusweni bamanzi nezitshalo emilonyeni yazo bese zikha ukudla ngqo "emilonyeni" yazo, kwesinye isikhathi zimane zihlunge izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo eziphakanyiselwe phezulu ngama-coot zisebenzisa ama-lamellas asengxenyeni engenhla yomlomo.
Ngakho-ke, la madada abizwa ngokuthi "abazingeli abangekho emthethweni".
Ngenkathi yokwakha isidleke nokondla inzalo, ama-wiggles aseMelika adla ama-invertebrate asemanzini: ojekamanzi, izimpukane ze-caddis nama-molluscs. Amabhungane ayabanjwa, kodwa akha ingxenye encane yokudla. Lawa madada ahleleke ngokwendlela yokuziphatha nangokomzimba ukuze afune ukudla endaweni enamanzi. Ngosizo lomlomo oqinile, ama-wigeon aseMelika akwazi ukudabula izingcezu ezinkulu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo, adle iziqu, amaqabunga, imbewu nezimpande.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, zidla emagqumeni ambozwe i-clover nezinye izitshalo ezinobuthi, bese bema emasimini ngezitshalo ezithile.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvLm5XG9HAw
