Umkhomo obulalayo (u-Anas falcata) ungowomndeni wedada, i-oda le-Anseriformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomkhomo obulalayo
Umkhomo obulalayo unosayizi womzimba ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-54. Iphiko lamaphiko lifinyelela ku-78 kuye kuma-82 cm Isisindo: 585 - 770 amagremu.
Owesilisa ulula kunowesifazane. Umzimba unzima futhi mkhulu. Ikepisi liyindilinga. Uqhwaku luzacile. Umsila wayo mfushane. Kulezi zizathu, umkhoma obulalayo ungahlukaniswa kalula kwamanye amadada. Umbala wezimpaphe zowesilisa nowesifazane uhlukile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwesizini kumbala wezimpaphe kuvela.
Kwindoda endala, ngesikhathi sokudleke, izimpaphe ze-crest nekhanda zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, ubhedu nokububende. Kunebala elimhlophe ebunzini ngenhla nje komlomo. Intamo nomphimbo wangaphambili zimhlophe, zizungezwe ukhololo omnyama omncane. Isifuba sinombala ompunga ngezindawo ezimnyama. Isisu, izinhlangothi nengxenye engenhla kugcwele imicu empunga emikhulu, emincane, ephaphathekile. Isethembiso sinombala ophuzi ophuzi, sinqunyelwe ngombala omnyama. Izimpaphe zingama-scapulaires, mpunga, zihlangene futhi zikhombe. Amabanga aphakeme amnyama nampunga, aqinile, abukhali futhi agobile.
Izimpaphe eziyingqayizivele ezimise okwesikela ziyisici esithakazelisayo somkhomo obulalayo.
Ingemuva, isigaxa nezinye izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama. Zonke izimpaphe zokumboza amaphiko zinezindawo ezibanzi ezimhlophe. Zonke izimpaphe eziyinhloko zimpunga-zimnyama, ezesibili ezine-sheen yensimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iduna elingaphandle kwesikhathi sokufukamela linombala wezimpaphe, ofana nalowo wedada.
Insikazi inezimpaphe ezinesizotha ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, umqhele wekhanda nesidumbu umnyama, umbala wezimpiko uyafana nowesilisa. Izimpaphe zemfundo ephakeme zifushane futhi azigobile kangako. Ekhanda kukhona u-tuft omfishane. Izimpaphe zekhanda nentamo zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga ngemithambo eminingi emnyama. Isifuba kanye nezinye izimpaphe zimnyama onsundu ngezindawo ezimnyama.
Umaphakathi wesisu awukhanyi, uphuzi. Kunamabala amnyama esiswini esingezansi. Umzimba ophezulu nangemuva kunsundu ngokugqamile okugqamile okusobala. Izeluleko zezimpaphe ezisesiqwini ziphuzi; ezinye izimpaphe zomsila zinomthunzi ofanayo. Umsila umpunga unamabala amnyama futhi uphaphathekile ekugcineni. Zonke izimpaphe zekhava yamaphiko zinombala onsundu ngokunsomi ngemiphetho elula. Izimpaphe eziseceleni, ezimnyama ezinezindawo eziluhlaza okotshani. Insikazi ayinazimpaphe zokundiza ezigobile. Izindwangu zingaphansi kombala okhanyayo, zinamabala abonakala kakhudlwana ezimpapheni ezincane ezingabalulekile.
Umkhomo wensikazi obulalayo ufana kakhulu nedada elimpunga, yize lihlukile kuye ngesihlokwana esincane ekhanda nesibuko esiluhlaza. Uqhwaku lumnyama. Iris yeso insundu. Imilenze impunga nge-tinge ephuzi.
Izimpaphe zamadada amancane ziyefana nezesifazane.
Izindawo zokubulala imikhomo
Umkhomo obulalayo uyinyoni yamaxhaphozi. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ihlala eduze kwezimila ezigcwele amanzi, emachibini ezigodi. Ivela emathafeni, evulekile noma enokhuni oluncane. Ebusika, ihlala ikakhulu eduze nemifula, amachibi, izimfunda ezinamanzi amaningi, kaningi emaphethelweni amachibi kanye nemifula engasogwini.
Umbulali whale wanda
Umkhomo obulalayo uvame kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Lolu uhlobo lwamadada olwandile, kepha lilinganiselwe kakhulu. Indawo yokwakha izidleke inkulu futhi icwecwe kakhulu, ihlanganisa iningi laseningizimu ye-Eastern Siberia kuze kufike e-Angara basin entshonalanga, enyakatho yeMongolia, eHeilungskiang eChina. Kubandakanya iSakhalin, iHokkaïdo kanye neKouryles Islands.
Ubusika ngaphezulu kwamathafa amaningi eChina naseJapan.
Ithuthela eKorea naseningizimu iye eVietnam. Inani elincane lezinyoni lifudukela enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, kodwa umkhoma obulalayo uhlala uyinhlobo yamadada angavamile eningizimu yezwekazi laseNepal. Ezimweni ezihlukile, lapho isomiso sihlasela izindawo zasebusika zasentshonalanga, kuvela amaqembu angawodwa ezinyoni eNtshonalanga Siberia, e-Iran, e-Iraq, e-Afghanistan, eJordani naseTurkey.
Izici zokuziphatha komkhomo obulalayo
Imikhomo ebulalayo ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala yakha amaqembu angaguquki. Izinyoni eziningi zitholakala ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane. Kodwa-ke, ebusika nangesikhathi sokufuduka, bahlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu. Futhi, phakathi nehlobo, abesilisa bakha imihlambi emikhulu ngesikhathi se-molting. Indiza eya eningizimu iqala maphakathi no-Septhemba.
Imikhomo yokuzalanisa ababulali
Imikhomo ebulalayo ifika ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi. Isikhathi sokuzalela senzeka ngoMeyi-Julayi, futhi siqala ngemuva kwesikhashana ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Imikhomo ebulalayo yakha ngababili besikhathi esisodwa besikhathi esisodwa. Isiko lokuqomisana kwala madada liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwela, insikazi ikhipha imisindo ephansi, iphakamisa ikhanda.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uyazinyakazisa bese evula izimpaphe zamaphiko ukujabulisa owesilisa. UDrake, kwi-oedy yakhe, ukhipha "HAK-GAK" okhangayo, bese enikina izimpaphe zakhe, elula intamo yakhe bese ekhipha umlozi wokushaya ucingo, aphakamise ikhanda lakhe nomsila phezulu.
Isidleke sedada sihlelwe endaweni eseduze namanzi ngotshani obude obukhulu noma ngaphansi kwezihlahla. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda aphuzi ayi-6 kuya kwayi-9. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-24. Abesilisa basiza abesifazane banakekele amaphuphu lapho emancane kakhulu.
Ukondla whale whale
Imikhomo ebulalayo yondla ngokuntanta nokubhukuda emanzini avulekile. Bangabantu abadla imifino kuphela abadla utshani nembewu. Ziphila ngokudla izilimo zelayisi. Banezela ekudleni kwabo nge-shellfish nezinambuzane.
Isimo sokongiwa komkhomo obulalayo
Njengamanje, imikhomo ebulalayo ayinazo izinsongo ezithile ezinombolweni zayo, kepha ivikelekile ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinyoni Ezifudukayo. Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-IUCN, lezi zinhlobo zihlala zizinzile. Imikhomo ebulalayo ihlala endaweni ebanzi futhi izinombolo zezinyoni azishintshi kakhulu. Ukuze kugcinwe izinhlobo, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulawula ukuzingelwa kwazo zonke izinyoni zasemanzini, kufaka phakathi imikhomo ebulalayo.
Ukugcina umkhomo wokubulala ekuthunjweni
Ehlobo, imikhomo ebulalayo igcinwa ezindaweni ezivalelwe ngaphandle ezinendawo okungenani engama-3 m2. Ebusika, amadada adluliselwa egumbini elinamakhaza, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla liye kuma-degree amahlanu. I-aviary ifakwe ama-perches namagatsha. Faka ichibi elinamanzi agobhozayo. Utshani obuthambile busetshenziselwa ukulala.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, imikhomo ebulalayo iyakhathazeka futhi ingandiza ihambe, ngakho-ke izinyoni kwesinye isikhathi zinqunywa amaphiko uma zigcinwa endaweni evulekile. Bondla amadada ngokudla okusanhlamvu:
- ukolweni,
- amabele,
- ukolweni,
- ibhali.
Banikeza ukolweni we-bran, i-oatmeal, i-soya kanye ne-sunflower. Kufakwa inhlanzi nenyama namathambo, ushoki, amagobolondo amancane ekudleni. Zondliwa ngokudla kwamavithamini:
- amaqabunga e-plantain aqoshiwe,
- dandelion,
- isaladi.
I-mash emanzi ye-bran, isanqante egayiwe, iphalishi iyalungiswa, futhi ngesikhathi sokudliwayo amaprotheni feed ahlanganisiwe. Imikhomo ebulalayo izwana nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wedada.
