I-buzzard yesikhonyane (iButastur rufipennis) iyinyoni edla i-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zebuzzard yesikhonyane
Ingungumbane yesikhonyane inosayizi womzimba ongamasentimitha angama-44. Iphiko lifinyelela ku-92 - 106 cm.
Isisindo esisuka ku-300 kuye ku-408 g. Yinyoni edla laphakathi nendawo enokugoba okuphansi kwekhanda elincane. Imilenze mide ngokwedlulele, kepha kukhona uzipho oluncane. Lapho ifika, izimpiko zayo ezinde zifinyelela esicongweni somsila. Zonke lezi zici, ikakhulukazi indiza evilaphayo nevilaphayo, yehlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene. Ibhungane lesikhonyane linomzimba omncane oyiphiramidi. Abesilisa nabesifazane babukeka befana, yize abesifazane bakhulu ngo-7% futhi cishe bangu-10% besinda.
Umbala wezimpaphe unesizotha, kodwa-ke, uyamangalisa.
Ama-buzzards amadala ezinkumbi anombala onsundu ngokumpunga, anemithambo emincane emnyama emzimbeni nasemahlombe. Izimpaphe ekhanda zinombala onsundu, zinamabala esiqu amnyama kuzo zonke izimpaphe. Kukhona amadevu avelele. Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ibomvu ngemivimbo emnyama esifubeni. Kukhona indawo enkulu ebomvu ephikweni. Umphimbo ungumbala okhilimu okhanyayo ohlakeni olumnyama, ohlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo ngomugqa oqondile. Uqhwaku luphuzi esisekelweni ngethiphu emnyama. I-wax nemilenze kuphuzi. Izipikili zimnyama. Iris iphuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Ama-buzzard amancane anezimpaphe ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ekhanda, entanyeni enezindawo ezimnyama zeziqu. Izindwangu ezingemuva nezingemuva zinsundu ngokuthinta okubomvu. Amadevu awahlukani kangako. Uqhwaku luphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Umsila unombala ofanayo ngemigqa emnyama. Iris yeso insundu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwebhungane lesikhonyane
Ibhungane lesikhonyane lisakazekela e-Afrika nase-Asia eshisayo. IHabitat ibandakanya iBenin, iBurkina Faso, iCameroon, iCentral African Republic, iChad. Futhi neCongo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama zihlala eGuinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger. Kutholakala eNigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. Ama-subspecies amane ayaziwa, yize ezinye zenzeka phakathi ezimbili zingenzeka. I-subspecies eyodwa izala eJapan naseNyakatho ye-Asia.
Indawo yokuhlala i-Locust Buzzard
Izindawo zebhungane lesikhonyane zihluke kakhulu: zitholakala phakathi kwezihlahla ezinameva zasendaweni eyomile nasezihlahleni zezitshalo ezingamahlane. Izinyoni ezidla inyama ziyabonakala emadlelweni akhule ngezihlahla nezihlava zezihlahla. Bahlala emadlelweni ngokuzithandela ngezihlahla nezitshalo ngazinye.
Kwesinye isikhathi izigaxa zesikhonyane zihlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, onqenqemeni lwexhaphozi. Noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama lunokuthanda okucacile kwezindawo ezivulekile ezomile, kepha ama-buzzards azithanda kakhulu izindawo lapho esanda kuzwana khona nomlilo. ENtshonalanga Afrika, izigaxa zesikhonyane zenza ukufuduka okufushane ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula, lapho isembozo sotshani siqinile. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ama-buzzard wesikhonyane atholakala kusuka olwandle kuya kumamitha ayi-1200.
Izici zokuziphatha kwebhungane lesikhonyane
Ama-buzzard ezinkumbi ahlala ngababili ingxenye yonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka nangesikhathi sonyaka owomile, akha amaqoqo abantu abayi-50 kuya kwayi-100. Ikakhulukazi izinyoni eziningi zihlangana ezindaweni ngemuva komlilo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zinyoni ziyandiza futhi zenze izindiza eziyindilinga, zihambisane nokukhala okukhulu.
Ngasikhathi sinye, benza amaqhinga amaningi, bakhombisa ukweqa, ukujija okumangazayo, amaslayidi kanye nokufa okuhlangothini. Ukubukwa kwalezi zindiza kuthuthukiswa ukuboniswa kwamaphiko abomvu akhazimula elangeni. Lapho isikhathi sokuzalisa siphela, ama-buzzards esiba buthakathaka, futhi achitha isikhathi sawo esiningi ehleli emagatsheni angenalutho ezihlahla ezomile noma ezigxotsheni ze-telegraph.
Ngenkathi yezulu engenayo nangesikhathi semvula, lezi zinyoni zifudukela ngaseningizimu. Ibanga elihanjiwe yizinyoni ezidla inyama livamise ukuba phakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-500 kuya kwangama-750. Isikhathi sokufuduka siwela ngo-Okthoba-Februwari.
Ukuzala kwe-Locust Buzzard
Isikhathi sokufukamela ama-buzzard wesikhonyane siqala ngoMashi futhi siqhubeka kuze kufike u-Agasti. Izinyoni zakha isidleke esiqinile futhi esijulile ngamahlumela, amahlumela angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-13 - 15 ukujula namasentimitha angama-35 ububanzi. Kufakwe ngaphakathi amaqabunga aluhlaza ngaphakathi. Isidleke silenga esihlahleni ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 no-12 ngaphezu komhlaba, kepha kwesinye isikhathi siphansi kakhulu. Ku-clutch kukhona kusuka eqandeni elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onama-specks, amabala noma imithambo enombala onsundu, ushokoledi noma obomvu.
Ukondliwa kwe-Locust Buzzard
Ama-buzzard wesikhonyane adla cishe kuphela izinambuzane ezihlala emahlathini otshani. Zidla umuhlwa oza phezulu emva kwemvula noma umlilo. Izinyoni ezidla izilwane ezidla izilwane ezincelisayo nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izinambuzane zibanjwa zibaleka noma phansi. Izicabucabu nama-centipedes kuvame ukufakwa. Kwezinye izindawo ama-buzzards adla izinkalankala. Izinyoni ezincane, izilwane ezincelisayo kanye nezibankwa ezibulewe emlilweni ongaphansi kwebhulashi ziyalandwa.
Phakathi kwama-arthropod bakhetha:
- izintethe,
- fayela,
- imithandazo yokuthandaza,
- umuhlwa,
- izintuthwane,
- Zhukov,
- induku izinambuzane.
Njengomthetho, izinyoni ezidla inyama zifuna inyamazane ngokuqamekela, zihleli esihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, bese zitshuza phansi ukuze zibambe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni nazo zizingela ngokuhamba phansi, ikakhulukazi lapho kushe utshani. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-buzzards aphishekela inyamazane yawo emoyeni. Imvamisa izinyoni ezidla inyama zilandela imihlambi yama-ungulates, zihlwitha izinambuzane, ezizesabayo lapho zihamba.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani lamaqhubu ezinkumbi
Ama-buzzard ezinkumbi ayancipha endaweni ngenxa yokudliswa ngokweqile nesomiso esenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukwehla kwezidleke kwenzeka eKenya. Ukuqandulwa kwamachwane kuphazanyiswe kabi yizinguquko ezimweni zemvelo esifundeni saseSudano-Sahelian eNtshonalanga Afrika ngenxa yokudliswa ngokweqile nokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Ukwehla kwemvula eNtshonalanga Afrika ngokuzayo kubeka engcupheni imikhono yesikhonyane. Amakhemikhali anobuthi asetshenziswa ngokumelene nesikhonyane angaba usongo kulezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Isimo sezinhlobo zemvelo
Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama azivamile eKenya nasenyakatho neTanzania ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudleke, okukhombisa ukuthi inani labantu liyancipha kakhulu, naseSudan nase-Ethiopia. Indawo yokusabalalisa isondela kumakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-8. Inani labantu emhlabeni lilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwamabhangqa angaphezu kuka-10 000, okungabantu abangama-20 000 abavuthiwe.
Ngokuya ngalolu lwazi, ama-buzzard wesikhonyane awahlangabezani nomkhawulo wezinhlobo ezisengozini. Yize inani lezinyoni liqhubeka nokwehla, le nqubo ayenzeki ngokushesha okwanele ukudala ukukhathazeka. Izinhlobo zezinkumbi zezinkumbi zithola izinsongo ezincane ezinombolweni zayo.
