Unogwaja waseJapan okhuphukayo umvundla wesihlahla (iPentalagus furnessi) noma unogwaja wama-amami. YiPentalagus endala kunazo zonke ezikhona, nokhokho bayo esikhathini sokugcina seqhwa eminyakeni engama-30,000 kuya kwengu-18,000 edlule.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zikanogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan
Unogwaja waseJapan okhuphukayo unobude obumaphakathi bomzimba obungu-45.1 cm kwabesilisa no-45.2 cm kwabesifazane. Ubude bomsila busuka ku-2.0 kuye ku-3.5 cm kwabesilisa nokusuka ku-2.5 kuye ku-3.3 cm.Usayizi wesifazane uvame ukuba mkhulu. Isisindo esiphakathi sisuka ku-2.1 kg siye ku-2.9 kg.
Unogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu obumnyama noma obumnyama. Izindlebe zifushane - 45 mm, amehlo mancane, uzipho lukhulu, lufinyelela ku-20 mm ubude. Ifomula yamazinyo yalesi silwane i-2/1 incisors, 0/0 canines, 3/2 premolars and 3/3 molars, 28 meno esewonke. I-foramen magnum ibukeka njenge-oval encane, enezingqimba, kuyilapho kuma-hares i-oval eqondile noma i-pentagonal.
Ukusabalala kukanogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan
Unogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan usakazeka endaweni encane eyi-335 km2 kuphela futhi wakha abantu abahlukane abane ezindaweni ezimbili:
- U-Amami Oshima (indawo eyi-712 km2 isiyonke);
- I-Tokuno-Shima (248 km2), e-Kagoshima Prefecture, esiqhingini saseNansei.
Le nhlobo ilinganiselwa ukuthi isatshalaliswe ngaphezu kwe-301.4 km2 e-Amami Island naku-33 km2 eTokuno. Indawo yazo zombili iziqhingi ingama-960 km2, kepha ngaphansi kwengxenye yale ndawo inikeza indawo yokuhlala efanelekile.
Izindawo zokuhlala zikanogwaja owukhuphuka waseJapan
Ama-hares aseJapan akhuphukayo ekuqaleni ayehlala emahlathini aminyene amantombazane lapho kwakungekho ukugawula okusakazekile. Amahlathi amadala anciphisa indawo yawo ngo-70-90% ngo-1980 ngenxa yokugawulwa kwezihlahla. Izilwane ezingandile manje sezihlala emahlathini asogwini e-cycad, ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezinamahlathi e-oki, emahlathini aluhlaza abanzi futhi nasezindaweni ezigawuliwe ezibuswa utshani obungapheli. Izilwane zakha amaqembu amane ahlukene, amathathu awo mancane kakhulu. Zimakwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisuka olwandle ziye kumamitha angama-694 e-Amami nakumamitha angama-645 eTokuna.
Ukudla kwaseJapan kukhuphuka
Unogwaja waseJapan okhuphukayo udla izinhlobo eziyi-12 zezitshalo ezinamakhambi nezinhlobo eziyi-17 zezihlahla. Idla kakhulu ama-fern, ama-acorn, amahlumela kanye namahlumela amancane ezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyi-coprophage futhi idla indle, lapho i-fiber yezitshalo ezibandayo iba lula futhi ingabi nemicu emincane.
Ukuzalela unogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan
Amahares akhuphukayo aseJapan azalela emigodini engaphansi komhlaba, evame ukutholakala ehlathini eliminyene. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa asaziwa, kepha ukwahlulela ngokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezihlobene nakho, cishe izinsuku ezingama-39. Kujwayele ukuba namabele amabili njalo ngonyaka ngoMashi-Meyi nangoSepthemba-Disemba. Kuzalwa izinyane elilodwa kuphela, linobude bomzimba obungu-15.0 cm nomsila - 0.5 cm futhi linesisindo esingu-100 grams. Ubude bezitho zangaphambili nezingemuva bungu-1.5 cm no-3.0 cm, ngokulandelana. Izindlwana zokukhuphuka zaseJapan zinezidleke ezimbili ezihlukene:
- eyodwa yemisebenzi yansuku zonke,
- owesibili owenzalo.
Abesifazane bamba imigodi cishe isonto ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwethole. Umgodi unobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-30 futhi ugcwele amaqabunga. Insikazi kwesinye isikhathi ishiya isidleke usuku lonke, kuyilapho ifihla umnyango ngezigaxa zenhlabathi, amaqabunga kanye namagatsha. Ebuyela emuva, unikeza isignali emfushane, azise izinyane lokubuya kwayo "emgodini". Izindwangu zokukhuphuka zaseJapan ezinamabhangqa amathathu ezincelisayo, kepha akwaziwa ukuthi zondla inzalo yazo isikhathi esingakanani. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4, amaharethi amancane ashiya imingxunya yawo
Izici zokuziphatha kukanogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan
Amahares akhuphukayo aseJapan asebusuku, ahlala emigodini yawo emini futhi ondle ebusuku, kwesinye isikhathi ahamba amamitha ayi-200 ukusuka emgodini wawo. Ebusuku, bavame ukuhamba emigwaqweni yehlathi befuna izitshalo ezidliwayo. Izilwane ziyakwazi ukubhukuda. Ukuhlala, owesilisa oyedwa udinga isiza ngasinye samahektha ayi-1.3, kanti owesifazane udinga amahektha ayi-1.0. Izindawo zabesilisa ziyagqagqana, kepha izindawo zabesifazane azidluli.
Izinyoni zaseJapan ezikhuphukayo ziyaxhumana zodwa ngamasiginali ezwi noma ngokushaya imilenze yazo yangemuva phansi.
Izilwane zinikeza izimpawu uma kuvela umhlaseli eduze, kanti insikazi yazisa amawundlu ngokubuyela kwayo esidlekeni. Izwi likanogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan liyafana nemisindo ye-pika.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani likanogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan
Izindwangu zaseJapan ezikhuphukayo zisongelwa yizinhlobo zezilwane ezidlayo kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo.
Ukwethulwa kwama-mongooses, azala ngokushesha okukhulu uma kungekho izidalwa ezinkulu, kanye namakati nezinja zasendle eziqhingini zombili ezidla izinyoni zaseJapan ezikhuphukayo.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala, njengokugawulwa kwezihlahla, ukwehla kwendawo yamahlathi amadala ngo-10-30% wendawo ababehlala kuyo phambilini, kuthinta inani lezintaba zaseJapan ezikhuphukayo. Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokungcebeleka (njengezifundo zegalofu) e-Amami Island sekuphakamise ukukhathazeka ngoba kusongela indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezingandile.
Izindlela zokonga unogwaja okhuphuka waseJapan
Unogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan udinga izindlela zokuzivikela ezikhethekile ngenxa yendawo elinganiselwe yobubanzi bayo bemvelo; ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kubaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiseleni isilwane esingavamile. Ngalokhu, kubalulekile ukumisa ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo yehlathi futhi kunciphise ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amadala.
Imixhaso kahulumeni isekela ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo ezindaweni ezinamahlathi, kepha imisebenzi enjalo ayikulondolozi unogwaja okhuphuka waseJapan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye endawo yamahlathi amadala aphethwe ngasese noma angaphansi, ama-10% asele aphethwe nguhulumeni kazwelonke, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo ezingandile akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke izindawo.
Isimo sokongiwa kukanogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan
Unogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan usengozini. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe ohlwini olubomvu lwe-IUCN, njengoba lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sihlala endaweni eyodwa kuphela - esiqhingini saseNancey. IPentalagus furnessi ayinaso isikhundla esikhethekile kusivumelwano se-International Trade in Endangered Species (uhlu lwe-CITES).
Unogwaja okhuphukayo waseJapan ngo-1963 wathola isikhundla sesikhumbuzo esikhethekile sikazwelonke eJapan, ngakho-ke, ukudutshulwa nokubanjwa kwawo akuvunyelwe.
Kodwa-ke, indawo enkulu ehlala kuyo isathonywe ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu embonini yamaphepha. Ngokutshala amahlathi ezindaweni ezididekile, le ngcindezi ezincelisayo ezingavamile ingakhululeka.
Abantu abakhona manje, abalinganiselwa endleni yodwa, basukela ku-2 000 kuya ku-4 800 e-Amami Island no-120 kuya ku-300 eTokuno Island. Uhlelo lokulondolozwa konogwaja olukhuphukayo lwaseJapan lwakhiwa ngo-1999. Kusukela ngo-2005, uMnyango Wezemvelo ubulokhu uqeda ukuqeda ama-mongoose ukuze uvikele amahares angavamile.
