I-Arctic yindawo yoMhlaba eseduze neNorth Pole. Kubandakanya imiphetho yamazwekazi aseNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia, kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Arctic, enyakatho ye-Atlantic nolwandle iPacific. Kumazwekazi, umngcele oseningizimu ugijima cishe ngebhande le-tundra. Kwesinye isikhathi i-Arctic ikhawulelwa e-Arctic Circle. Izimo ezikhethekile zesimo sezulu nezemvelo zakhiwe lapha, ezithinte impilo yezitshalo, izilwane nezilwane ngokujwayelekile.
Izinga lokushisa ngenyanga
Isimo sezulu nezimo zezulu ze-Arctic kubhekwa njengesinye sezimo ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lapha, isimo sezulu singashintsha kakhulu ngama-7-10 degrees Celsius.
Esifundeni se-Arctic, kuqala ubusuku be-polar, okuthi, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, buhlala ezinsukwini ezingama-50 kuye kwezingu-150. Ngalesi sikhathi, ilanga aliveli ngaphezulu emkhathizwe, ngakho-ke umhlaba awutholi ukushisa nokukhanya okwanele. Ukushisa okuzayo kusakazwa amafu, isembozo seqhwa nezinguzunga zeqhwa.
Ubusika buza lapha ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Izinga lokushisa lomoya ngoJanuwari lilinganiselwa ku -22 degrees Celsius. Kwezinye izindawo iyamukeleka uma kuqhathaniswa, isukela ku-1 iye ku- -9 degrees, kuthi ezindaweni ezinamakhaza kakhulu yehle ibe ngaphansi kuka -40 degrees. Amanzi asemanzini ahlukile: oLwandle iBarents –25 degrees, ogwini lwaseCanada –50 degrees, kanti kwezinye izindawo ngisho –60 degrees.
Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zibheke entwasahlobo e-Arctic, kepha zihlala isikhathi esifushane. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushisa akukafiki okwamanje, kepha umhlaba ukhanyiswa kakhulu yilanga. Maphakathi noMeyi, amazinga okushisa angaphezulu kuka-0 degrees Celsius. Kwesinye isikhathi lina. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, iqhwa liqala ukuhamba.
Ihlobo e-Arctic lifushane, lihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Inani lezinsuku lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-zero eningizimu yesifunda cishe liyi-20, nasenyakatho izinsuku eziyi-6-10. NgoJulayi, izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-0-5 degrees, kanti ezweni, izinga lokushisa kwesinye isikhathi lingakhuphukela ku- + 5- + 10 degrees Celsius. Ngalesi sikhathi, amajikijolo asenyakatho nezimbali ziyaqhakaza, amakhowe akhula. Futhi nasehlobo, isithwathwa senzeka kwezinye izindawo.
Ukwindla kuza ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, akuhlali isikhathi eside futhi, ngoba ekupheleni kukaSepthemba ubusika sebuvele buza futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-0 liye -10 degrees. Ubusuku be-polar buza futhi, kuyabanda futhi kumnyama.
Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ngenxa yomsebenzi osebenzayo we-anthropogenic, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, izinguquko zezulu zomhlaba ziyenzeka e-Arctic. Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi kule minyaka engu-600 edlule, isimo sezulu salesi sifunda siye saba nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, kube nemicimbi eminingi yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Lesi sakamuva sasisengxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nakho kuthonywa amazinga wokujikeleza kweplanethi nokusakazwa kwenqwaba yomoya. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isimo sezulu e-Arctic siyafudumala. Lokhu kubonakala ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lonyaka, ukwehla kwendawo nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa. Ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, i-Arctic Ocean ingasusa ngokuphelele isembozo seqhwa.
Izici zesimo sezulu se-Arctic
Izici zesimo sezulu se-Arctic amazinga okushisa aphansi, ukushisa okunganele nokukhanya. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izihlahla azikhuli, kukhula kuphela utshani nezihlahlana. Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlala enyakatho ekude endaweni ye-arctic, ngakho-ke kunomsebenzi othile lapha. Abantu lapha benza ucwaningo lwesayensi, izimayini, ukudoba. Ngokuvamile, ukuze ziphile kule ndawo, izinto eziphilayo kufanele zivumelane nesimo sezulu esibi.
