Muva nje, kaningi ungezwa ngemvula ene-asidi. Kwenzeka lapho imvelo, umoya namanzi kuhlangana nokungcola okwehlukile. Imvula enjalo inika imiphumela eminingi emibi:
- izifo kubantu;
- ukufa kwezitshalo zezolimo;
- ukungcola kwemizimba yamanzi;
- ukuncishiswa kwezindawo ezingamahlathi.
Imvula ene-asidi yenzeka ngenxa yokukhishwa kwezimboni kwamakhemikhali, ukushiswa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli namanye amafutha. Lezi zinto zingcolisa umkhathi. Bese i-ammonia, isulfure, i-nitrogen, nezinye izinto zihlangana nomswakama, okwenza imvula ibe ne-asidi.
Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wesintu, imvula ene-asidi yabhalwa ngo-1872, futhi ngekhulu lamashumi amabili le nto yayiye yanda kakhulu. Imvula ene-asidi ilimaza kakhulu amazwe ase-US nawaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zemvelo zenze ibalazwe elikhethekile, elikhombisa izindawo ezivezwa kakhulu yimvula ene-asidi eyingozi.
Izimbangela zemvula eneasidi
Izimbangela zemvula enobuthi zenziwe ngabantu futhi ziyimvelo. Ngenxa yentuthuko yezimboni nezobuchwepheshe, izimboni, izimboni kanye namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene aqala ukukhipha inqwaba ye-nitrogen ne-sulfur oxides emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho isibabule singena emkhathini, sihlangana nomhwamuko wamanzi sakhe i-sulfuric acid. Kwenzeka okufanayo nge-nitrogen dioxide, i-nitric acid iyakhiwa, futhi ingena kanye nemvula yomoya.
Omunye umthombo wokungcola komkhathi amagesi eemoto ezimoto. Uma sezisemoyeni, izinto eziyingozi ziyahlanganiswa futhi ziwele phansi ngendlela yemvula ene-asidi. Ukukhishelwa kwenitrogen nesibabule emkhathini kwenzeka ngenxa yokusha kwepeat namalahle ezitshalweni zamandla ezishisayo. Inani elikhulu le-sulfur oxide likhishelwa emoyeni ngenkathi kucutshungulwa izinsimbi. Amakhemikhali e-nitrogen akhishwa ngenkathi kwenziwa izinto zokwakha.
Esinye isibabule esisemkhathini sinemvelaphi yemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kukhishwe i-sulfur dioxide. Izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen zingakhishelwa emoyeni ngenxa yomsebenzi wezinambuzane ezithile zenhlabathi nokukhishwa kombani.
Imiphumela yemvula ene-asidi
Kunemiphumela eminingi yemvula ene-asidi. Abantu ababanjwe lolu hlobo lwemvula bangalimaza impilo yabo. Lesi simo somkhathi sibangela ukungezwani komzimba, i-asthma nezifo ze-oncological. Futhi, izimvula zingcolisa imifula namachibi, amanzi angabe esasebenziseka. Zonke izakhamuzi zamanzi zisengozini, izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingafa.
Imvula ene-asidi iwela phansi futhi ingcolise inhlabathi. Lokhu kuqeda ukuthela komhlaba, inani lezitshalo liyancipha. Njengoba imvula yomoya yenzeka ezindaweni ezinkulu, iba nomthelela omubi ezihlahleni, okunomthelela ekomeni kwazo. Ngenxa yethonya lezinto zamakhemikhali, izinqubo zemetabolic ziyashintsha ezihlahleni, futhi ukukhula kwezimpande kuvinjelwe. Izitshalo zizwela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Ngemuva kwanoma iyiphi imvula ene-asidi, izihlahla zingachitha amaqabunga azo ngokungazelelwe.
Omunye wemiphumela engeyona ingozi yemvula enobuthi ukubhujiswa kwezikhumbuzo zamatshe nezinto zokwakha. Konke lokhu kungaholela ekuweni kwezakhiwo zomphakathi nemizi yabantu abaningi.
Inkinga yemvula eneasidi idinga ukucatshangelwa. Lesi simo sixhomeke ngqo emisebenzini yabantu, ngakho-ke kufanele sinciphise kakhulu inani lokungcola elingcolisa umoya. Lapho ukungcoliswa komoya kuncishisiwe, iplanethi ngeke inciphise imvula enobungozi njengemvula ene-asidi.
Isixazululo senkinga yemvula eneasidi
Inkinga yemvula ene-asidi isemhlabeni wonke ngokwemvelo. Mayelana nalokhu, ingaxazululwa kuphela uma imizamo yenani elikhulu labantu ihlanganisiwe. Enye yezindlela ezinkulu zokuxazulula le nkinga ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezimboni okuyingozi emanzini nasemoyeni. Wonke amabhizinisi adinga ukusebenzisa izihlungi zokuhlanza nezinsiza. Isixazululo sesikhathi eside, esabizayo, kepha futhi nesixazululo esithembisa kunazo zonke senkinga ukwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi alondoloza imvelo ngokuzayo. Bonke ubuchwepheshe besimanje kufanele busetshenziswe kucatshangelwa ukuhlolwa komthelela wemisebenzi emvelweni.
Izindlela zesimanjemanje zokuthutha ziletha umonakalo omkhulu emkhathini. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi abantu bazodela izimoto kungekudala. Kodwa-ke, kwethulwa izimoto ezintsha ezingayilimazi imvelo namuhla. Lezi yizimbumbulu nezimoto zikagesi. Izimoto ezinjengoTesla sezivele zathola ukuqashelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Agijima kumabhethri akhethekile angavuseleleka. Izikuta zombane nazo ziya ngokuya zithandwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa ngokuhamba kwendabuko ngogesi: trams, trolleybuses, metro, izitimela zikagesi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe futhi ukuthi abantu ngokwabo banesibopho sokungcoliswa komoya. Akunasidingo sokucabanga ukuthi omunye umuntu kufanele asolwe ngale nkinga, futhi lokhu akuxhomekile kuwe ngqo. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Vele, umuntu oyedwa akakwazi ukwenza inani elikhulu lokukhishwa kobuthi namakhemikhali emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezimoto zabagibeli kuholela ekutheni uvame ukudedela amagesi okukhipha emkhathini, futhi lokhu kuba yimbangela yemvula ene-asidi.
Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abantu abazi ngenkinga yemvelo efana nemvula ene-asidi. Namuhla kunamafilimu amaningi, izindatshana ezikumamagazini nezincwadi ezikhuluma ngale nkinga, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu angalivala kalula leli gebe, abone inkinga bese eqala ukwenza okuthile ngenzuzo yokuyixazulula.
