Indoda iwaqhathile amahhashi. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobo eziningi sezivelile. Umbala woboya usuka kokumhlophe ukuya kokumnyama. Izinwele zamahhashi ziza ngemibala ebomvu, nsundu nephuzi, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zamadizayini zihlobisa umzimba. Amahhashi a-piebald futhi ambozwe ngamabala aqinile. Ubukhulu besilwane buxhomeke ohlotsheni, buhluka kusuka ku-227 kuya ku-900 kg ngesisindo, ubude busuka ku-220 kuye ku-280 cm naku-0.9 kuye ku-1.7 wamamitha ukuphakama.
Incazelo yamahhashi
Ihhashi linezinselo ezinde okweqanda, umsila omude, uboya obufushane bomzimba, imilenze emide ezacile, isihlunu semisipha nesinamandla, intamo eqinile enekhanda nekhanda elikhulu eliyisiyingi. Imane yindawo yezinwele ezimahhadla ezinwebeka ohlangothini lwenqa lwentamo kuzo zombili izinhlobo zasekhaya nezasendle. Amahhashi aklaba otshanini. Ukuhlafuna izitshalo, zinemisindo eyinkimbinkimbi nekhula njalo emilonyeni yazo. Ijazi elijiyile, lasebusika liyaqala ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, likhule ngokugcwele ngoDisemba. Uboya basebusika buqala ukukhipha entwasahlobo, kuthi ehlobo ijazi elibushelelezi nelizacile limboze umzimba.
Ezinye izici zomzimba:
- igazi elifudumele;
- ukulingana komzimba womabili womabili;
- bobabili ubulili bayafana.
Izinhlobo zamahhashi
Ihhashi lasendle (i-Equus ferus), ihhashi lika-aka Przewalski
Ihhashi likaPrzewalski
Incane kunamahhashi amaningi asekhaya. Umzimba ojiyile, omfushane nezitho zomzimba ezimfushane, ukwakhiwa okuhlangene Iris ivame ukuba nsundu, kodwa kwabanye abantu iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imane nomsila, ngokungafani namahhashi asekhaya, molt minyaka yonke. Imane limnyama ngokunsundu ngokumnyama futhi lime nqo ngaphandle kwemibhobho. Amahhashi asekhaya anama-manes amade, agelezayo. Umsila unezinwele ezimfishane, izinwele ziyaqhubeka zinde ezinhlangothini. Amahhashi asekhaya anezinwele ezinde zomsila kuwo wonke umsila. Isifonyo sifushane futhi siphezulu, siyakhanya, sivame ukuba mhlophe, imiphetho yamakhala ibumnyama, umphetho ongezansi womhlathi uqonde. Isikhumba sinemibala emibili: umbala okhanyayo ophuzi ngokubomvu nonsundu nophaphathekile ngokumpunga ophuzi. Ikhanda nentamo kumnyama kunomzimba. Umzimba ongezansi ulula ukwedlula izinhlangothi. Imivimbo emnyama emincane emi-3-10 emilenzeni. Umugqa omnyama we-dorsal ("eel") ugijima kusuka kumane uye ezansi ngomsila.
Ihhashi lasekhaya (i-Equus ferus caballus)
Ihhashi lasekhaya
Inentamo nemilenze emide, izinselo eziqinile. Eminyakeni edlule yokuzalanisa, abantu bakhulise imibala eminingi ehlukene yezinwele noboya, amaphethini ombala. Eminye yemibala ejwayelekile yimpunga, nsundu ngokubomvu ngokubomvu, nansundu ngokukhanyayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi.
Ihhashi elizimele (i-Equus caballus)
Ihhashi lasendle
I-Morphologically efana nehhashi lasekhaya. Ngokwesilinganiso esiphakeme esingu-1-1.6 m ukuphakama ehlombe futhi sinesisindo sama-350-450 kg. Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kuyehluka, umbala wejazi kusuka kokumnyama, onsundu nokumhlophe ukuya kokumhlophe ngezindawo eziwolintshi noma nsundu. Ibhantshi lifushane futhi lincane, umsila mfushane uma kuqhathaniswa, ebunzini (ingaphambili) nasentanyeni (mane). Isikhathi sokuphila esimaphakathi sika-E. Caballus yiminyaka engama-25-30.
Isi-Kiang (Equus kiang)
I-Kiang
Ijazi le-kiang libomvu ehlobo futhi limnyama ensundu ebusika, izingxenye ezingezansi zomzimba zimhlophe, aziguquki kuye ngesizini. I-kiang ingama-140 cm ubude behlombe futhi inesisindo esiphakathi kwama-250 no-440 kg.
I-Kulan (Equus hemionus)
Kulan
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamahhashi, inemilenze emifushane. Umbala womzimba uyehluka ngesizini, ubomvu ngokubomvu ehlobo, nsundu ngokuphuzi ebusika. Banomugqa omnyama ogudle umhlophe ohamba wehle maphakathi nomhlane. Imayini emnyama eqondile. Isisu nesifuba kumhlophe, kunezimpawu ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ngemuva kwehlombe nangaphambili kwe-sacrum. Isifonyo sinendawo emhlophe ezungeze amakhala, izindebe zimpunga.
UFaroe amahhashi amahhashi
Ihhashi laseFrance
Kutholakala eziqhingini zaseFaroe eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zamahhashi ezindala kakhulu, ezingandile kakhulu, ezicishe zaphela.
I-Mustang
Lawa mahhashi ayinzalo yohlobo lwaseSpain olubizwa ngamahhashi ase-Iberia, ngobuchwepheshe bama-mustang amahhashi asendle, hhayi amahhashi asendle.
Izinhlobo zamahhashi
Amahhashi akhombisa imibala ehlukahlukene futhi eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-350 ezahlukahlukene zamahhashi namaponi. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- Amahhashi alula anamathambo nemilenze emincanyana futhi anesisindo esingaphansi kwama-590 kg, njenge-Thoroughbred, High Pedigree, Morgan kanye namahhashi ase-Arabia.
- Amahhashi asindayo noma asalungiswa anesisindo esingaphezu kwama-600 kg. Lezi zinhlobo eziqinile ezinamathambo amakhulu nemilenze eqinile, isibonelo, iPersheronskie, Brabancon, iloli elinzima laseRussia (iBityug).
Izinhlobo zamahhashi zesimanje zenziwa ukuze izilwane zihambisane nefomu nokusebenza, okungukuthi, zinezici ezithile zomzimba ezidingekayo ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Ukukhanya, amahhashi ayinkimbinkimbi njengamahhashi ase-Arabia noma e-Akhal-Teke afuyelwa ezindaweni ezomile ngejubane nokubekezela okukhulu emabangeni amade. Ihhashi elisindayo elisalungiswa, njengeBelgian, lahlukaniselwa ukudonsa igeja nokwenza omunye umsebenzi epulazini.
Amaphoni azo zonke izinhlobo afuywa ngabantu ukuze ajabulise izingane futhi asebenze ezindaweni ezinjengezimayini noma lapho kungekho khona ukudla okwanele ukugcina izilwane ezinkulu.
Phakathi kwalokhu kweqisa, amahhashi azalelwa ukwenza le misebenzi elandelayo:
- kudonswa ngezinqola noma izinqola;
- Ama-knights aphethe izikhali ezisindayo;
- wabamba iqhaza emijahweni;
- kwenziwa emasekisini;
- kwakuvame ukondla ezinye izilwane;
- kuthuthwe izinto ezisindayo.
Amahhashi akhombisa izivinini ezine ezibizwa ngama-gaits. Kunjalo:
- prancing kancane;
- trot (eshesha kancane kunokuphrinta);
- i-gallop elula (esheshayo kune-trot);
- gallop (indlela esheshayo yamahhashi).
Ukugijima kwehhashi
Amahhashi anemibala ehlukahlukene yamajazi anamagama ahlukene. Eminye imibala eyinhloko yilena:
- i-bay - kusuka kokukhanyayo ngokubomvu ngokubomvu kuya kokumnyama ngombala omnyama, umsila nezinsimbi;
- okubomvu - kusuka kumbala we-apricot kuya kumbala we-chestnut omnyama ngaphandle komnyama;
- isikhumba esimpunga - esimnyama, kepha ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe lwezinwele ezimhlophe nezimnyama;
- mnyama - mnyama ngokuphelele;
- nsundu - izinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu nezinwele ezibomvu;
- ukudlala - uboya obunsundu obuphuzi;
- Bulanaya - umbala wegolide okhanyayo;
- piebald - ihhashi elinemibala ehlukahlukene elinamabala abomvu, ansundu, amhlophe kanye / noma amnyama.
Ihhashi elimnyama
Ngabe yimaphi amaqembu okukhulunywa ngawo abalimi bamahhashi?
Igama lehhashi lincike ekutheni owesilisa noma owesifazane, nokuthi umuntu uneminyaka emingaki.
- inkonyane - ihhashi elingaphansi konyaka;
- unonyaka owodwa ubudala - isampula encane enonyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili;
- i-stallion - owesilisa oneminyaka engaphansi kwemine ubudala;
- imazi - ihhashi lesifazane kuze kube yiminyaka emine ubudala;
- inkunzi eyindoda - owesilisa oneminyaka engaphezu kwemine ubudala ongeyena umuntu ozihlanganisa;
- gelding - owesilisa osikiwe;
- mare - owesifazane oneminyaka engaphezu kwemine ubudala.
Ahlalaphi amahhashi
Okhokho bamahhashi babehlala enyakatho ye-Afrika, kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ekupheleni kwe-Ice Age, bahlala kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika, kodwa baphela cishe eminyakeni eyizi-8,000 - 10,000 eyedlule. Amahhashi asekhaya njengamanje ahlala eduze kwabantu.
Iyiphi indawo yokuhlala edingwa amahhashi
Amahhashi ajwayela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokufuywa. Izindawo zokuhlala ezincanyelwayo ziyizindawo ezipholile, zotshani ezipholile, ama-steppes kanye nama-savanna, kepha izilwane nazo zihlala ezingwadule, phakathi kwamaxhaphozi namahlathi.
Azalela kanjani amahhashi
Abesilisa badla eduze kwabesifazane phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana, bavikela ama-mares kwamanye amaduna azama ukukhwelana nabesifazane bomhlambi. Eziduna zilwa nokukhahlela kanye nezinselo.
Ukumatanisa
Amahhashi ayazala phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo ezifudumele. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-287 kuye kwezingu-419, okusho ukuthi ukubeletha kwenzeka entwasahlobo noma ekwindla yonyaka olandelayo. Imvamisa kuzalwa ithole elilodwa, amawele ayivelakancane.
Ukuzalwa kwenzeka ebusuku nasendaweni ethule. Izingane zivele zikhule ngokomzimba. Zivuka kungakapheli ihora zizelwe futhi zime ngezinyawo ngemuva kwamahora amane kuya kwamahlanu, zilandela unina. Ngenyanga yokuqala, izinyane lihlala nomama. Ngenyanga yesibili, uthola ukudla ngokuzimela futhi inqubo yokulumula iyaqala, ethatha iminyaka emi-2 ematholeni asendle. Kumahhashi afuywayo, amathole alunyulwa kunina eneminyaka engu-4 kuya kwezingu-6.
Izilwane zihamba zodwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, kodwa zidinga usizo. Abancane bathembele komama nasemhlambini wabo ukuze bazivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi bathole ukudla baze baqale ukuzidlela. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amahhashi asendle ashiya umhlambi azalelwe kuwo eneminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ubudala.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani amahhashi
Isikhathi sokuphila sincike ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi uhlobo nemvelo. Njengomthetho, amahhashi asekhaya ahlala eminyakeni engama-25 kuya kwengu-30, irekhodi eliphakeme liyiminyaka engama-61. Ihhashi eliphila isikhathi eside emvelweni labhaliswa ngo-zoologists ngo-1974, iminyaka yalo yayiyiminyaka engama-36. Izici ezithinta isikhathi sokuphila zifaka:
- ukudla okunomsoco;
- uhlobo luni lomsebenzi isilwane esisetshenziselwa wona;
- inani lemijikelezo yokuzalanisa;
- isimo sokuzala;
- ukugula okudlule;
- impilo yamazinyo;
- umsebenzi womzimba.
Izilwane ezeluswayo ziziphatha kanjani
Amahhashi yizilwane ezincelisayo zomphakathi. Ezindaweni zasendle noma ezi-semi-wild, bakha imihlambi enezigaba zomphakathi. Umhlambi uhlanganisa ama-mares angama-26, ama-stallion ama-5 kanye nabancane beminyaka ehlukene. Imihlambi yamahhashi inezikhundla zomphakathi ezisebenza kahle, eziphethwe abesilisa be-alpha. Avikela iqembu ezilwaneni ezidla inyama nakubesilisa abancintisanayo isikhathi esiningi.
Amahhashi asebenza ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku, kuya ngesizini. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo badla ekuseni noma kusihlwa, bagweme amazinga okushisa aphezulu emini. Amahhashi alala ngezigaba emini, ubuthongo buhlala amahora angaphezu kwama-2. Izilwane azilali phansi isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora futhi zilala zimile.
Umhlambi wamahhashi
Baxhumana kanjani omunye nomunye
Kumahhashi, amakhala nezihlathi kunemisipha esetshenziselwa ukuzwa imvelo ngokuthinta. Umbono uyimoto eyinhloko yokuthola imininingwane. Izindlebe zinde futhi ziqondile, ezikhuthaza ukuqonda kokuzwa. Yize umuzwa wokuhogela ubalulekile, akusona isitho esiyinhloko futhi udlala indima encane kunokubona noma ukwamukela izinzwa emakhaleni noma ezihlathini.
Amahhashi ayaxhumana ngokuthinta nokusho ngamaphimbo. Amalungu omhlambi ahleka, alume, adudulane futhi akhahlele omunye nomunye ukusungula noma ukuqinisa isakhiwo sombuso, ukukhombisa ukubusa.
Amahhashi anezitho zomzimba ezahlukahlukene. Ukusabela okuhle kufaka ukukhulisa izindebe, eziveza amazinyo aphezulu, afana nokumamatheka, ukutshekisa ikhanda, noma ukukhomba izindlebe phambili naphezulu. Ukushukuma komzimba kobudlova kufaka izindlebe ezihoxisiwe namazinyo aveziwe ngamakhala avalwe.
Yimaphi amahhashi adlayo
Amahhashi ayizilwane ezidla utshani nezinye izitshalo. Ukudla kwamahhashi okuzenzela kuyanezelwa ngokusanhlamvu okufana ne-oats, ifilakisi nebhali. Ngaphandle kotshani namaqabunga, amahhashi nawo adla izinkuni, amagxolo, iziqu, imbewu, okusanhlamvu namantongomane.
Ohlasela amahhashi namasu abo okusinda emvelweni
Izilwane ezizingelayo ezizingela amahhashi asendle: izimpisi, ama-coyotes namabhubesi. Izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlasela izilwane ezindala, ezigulayo noma ezisencane. Lapho umhlambi usongelwa ngumzingeli, i-alpha wesilisa iyawuhlasela, ilume futhi ikhahlele ngezinselo zayo. Abesifazane bavikela izingane ngendlela efanayo. Abantu bayizilwane ezidlayo, bazingela amahhashi, ngokomlando nanamuhla.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa amahhashi ku-ecosystem
Ukulolongwa kwamahhashi:
- kwaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi yezolimo;
- washintsha indlela yokuhamba;
- bathonye ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene esizwe.
Njengezilwane eziklabayo, amahhashi anomthelela enhlobonhlobo nasekwakhekeni kwemvelo. Kwezinye izindawo, amahhashi asakaza imbewu yezitshalo.
Ukuthi amahhashi ahlangana kanjani nabantu
Amahhashi abalulekile ngokomnotho kubantu manje nasemlandweni. Zasetshenziswa njengomthombo wokudla, ukuhanjiswa kwabantu nezimpahla, zabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni yamasosha, kwezemidlalo nokungcebeleka, ekuthuthukiseni ezolimo. Amahhashi yizilwane ezifuywayo futhi zisetshenziswa ekwelapheni nasekuvuseleleni abantu abagulayo.
Kwezolimo, amahhashi avuna izitshalo, amasimu alinyiwe nezithelo zezithelo, kanti umquba ungumanyolo obalulekile. Ihhashi lisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni enhlobonhlobo.
Ngabe amahhashi asengozini?
Kunamahhashi amaningi afuywayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba. Izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu, amahhashi asendle kaPrzewalski, babhalwe "njengengozi" e-Red Book.
