Uma une-aquarium ekhaya, khona-ke uyazi kahle ukuthi iyini i-gammarus. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuthandwa kakhulu kunjengokudla okomile kwezinhlanzi, izimfudu neminenke emanzini asekhaya. Bonke abadobi basazi ngayo, ngoba ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukudoba.
UGammarus - uhlobo lwe-crustaceans ephakeme yomndeni wakwaGammarida we-oda lama-amphipods (heteropods). Lezi zilwane zisabalele kakhulu emhlabeni. Bayabhukuda ngokushesha, kepha kaningi abahambeli phambili, kepha babheka eceleni ngamajezi noma ngeqa.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nelinye igama lale crustacean - flea amphipod. Iqhawe lethu linamanye amagama amaningana, isibonelo, i-mormysh. Enye yezingodo zokudoba ibizwa nge- "Mormyshka" ngenxa yokufana kwalesi sidalwa.
Incazelo nezici
IGammarus crustacean ungummeleli ovelele weqembu lakhe. Umzimba walesi sidalwa ubumbene kakhulu. It is lwalugobile ngohlamvu "C", isicaba kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini, ngenhla sifakwa igobolondo kanzima chitinous, esakhiwa izingxenye 14.
I-carapace iphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma iluhlaza okotshani. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi umbala obomvu ubonakala. Umbala uncike ekudleni kwesilwane. Ukujula ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngokuvamile akunambala. IBaikal, kunalokho, inemibala egqamile ehlukile - lapha kukhona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokuluhlaza okotshani, nomthunzi wokusa obomvu klebhu, kukhona nemotley. Ngenxa yesimo esigobile somzimba lapho ubuye abizwe nge- "hunchback".
Usayizi womzimba ovame kakhulu cishe u-1 cm.Nakuba zikhula zifike ku-3 cm noma ngaphezulu, uma zisinda. Ikhanda lihlotshiswe ngamehlo amabili ahlezi phansi futhi lixhunywe engxenyeni yokuqala ye-thoracic. Lapha ungabona amapheya amabili ama-antenna-antennae, ngosizo lwawo "ufunda" umhlaba omzungezile.
Lawa ngamasu akhe athintekayo. Intshebe yokuqala ikhula iye phezulu, eyesibili, ibhande elifushane liye phansi liye phambili. Ingxenye yesikhombisa ye-cephalothorax ixhunyaniswe ngokuqinile nesisu; ama-gill amise okwamaqabunga atholakala ezansi kwemilenze yangaphakathi. Banikezwa umoya ngosizo lwamanzi, ahlala elungiswa yizidladla.
Izitho zepectoral esilinganisweni samabhangqa amabili zine-pincer, zisebenza ukubamba inyamazane, zingazivikela noma zihlasele nazo. Eyesilisa ngosizo lwayo igcina insikazi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Imilenze yangaphakathi yesisu enanini lamabhangqa amathathu isetshenziselwa ukubhukuda, ifakwe izinwele ezikhethekile.
Imilenze yangemuva, nayo ibhangqa emithathu, isiza ukugxumela emanzini, iqondiswe ngomsila ohlangothini olulodwa. Leli nani lemilenze liyenza ishesha kakhulu emanzini. AmaCrustaceans ahamba ngokukhishwa okulandelayo noma amajezi, azisiza ngezidladla zawo, yingakho abizwa ngokuthi ama-amphipods.
Kodwa-ke, leli gama alinembile ngokuphelele, ngoba zihamba eceleni kuphela emanzini angajulile. Ekujuleni, babhukuda ngendlela ejwayelekile, befulathele. Ngokugoba nokusigoqa isisu, balawula ukuqondiswa kokuhamba. Bangakwazi futhi ukukhasa, futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuphuka ezitshalweni emanzini.
Wonke ama-amphipods ayi-dioecious. Abesifazane banomgodi omncane ovaliwe esifubeni sabo ukuze baqandusele amaqanda esikhathi esizayo. Ibizwa nge- "brood chamber". Abesilisa cishe bahlala bebakhulu njalo kunabesifazane.
UGammarus esithombeni ibukeka ingenangozi, ifana nemfanzi encane, kepha uma ikhonjiswa ku-1: 1 ratio. Futhi uma ukhulisa isithombe saso kaningana, uzothola ukucindezeleka ngokubheka ukubukeka kwaso. Isilo esithile esimnandi, singesabisa noma ngubani. Ngendlela, kwesinye isikhathi kumafilimu asabisayo aseNtshonalanga basebenzise isithombe esandisiwe sale crustacean ukuze "babambe ukwesaba."
Izinhlobo
IGammarus akuzona izinhlobo ezihlukile, kodwa uhlobo lonke. Inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zama-crustaceans. Futhi iqembu lama-amphipods linezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-4500. ERussia, inani elikhulu kunazo zonke zezinhlobo, cishe ezingama-270, lihlala emzimbeni wamanzi esifundeni saseBaikal.
Ama-lacustrine bocoplavs (i-barmashi noma ama-hooter) ahlala phakathi kwezitshalo ezisogwini, imvamisa ema-sedges nasemhlanga. Umbala womzimba wabo uluhlaza okotshani. Ziyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile ochungechungeni lwemvelo yeBaikal. Ukuhleleka okungajwayelekile kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ngaphansi kwamatshe emanzini asogwini, ungathola ama-zulimnogammaruses anezinwele neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Owokuqala ungama-2-3 cm ubude, umzimba oluhlaza okotshani onemivimbo eguqukayo, amehlo amancane, izimpondo zezimpondo ezifakwe izindandatho ezimnyama neziphuzi. Eyesibili ingu-1-1.5 cm ngosayizi, nama-setae aminyene kakhulu ezigabeni ezine zokugcina. Umbala uluhlaza sasibhakabhaka.
Ama-Amphipods aphila ezipontshini athakazelisa kakhulu - i-brandtia eyisinanakazana, i-zulimnogammarus ebomvu nebomvu. Ziphila ngokudla ezinye izinto eziphila ngezipanji. Amanzi avulekile eChibi iBaikal ayikhaya lama-macrogetopoulos aseBranitskiy, abantu balibiza nge- "Yur". Lokhu ukuphela kwezinhlobo ze-pelagic zamanzi ahlanzekile ase-pelagic. Lokho akusikho phansi, kepha kuhlala kukholamu yamanzi. Futhi okuncane ngama-amphipods, atholakala emanzini olwandle.
Amahhashi esihlabathi angama-amphipods asolwandle ahlala eduze nogu, yize kwesinye isikhathi nawo angabonakala olwandle oluvulekile. Imenyu yala ma-crustaceans angama-nimble ilawulwa yizidumbu, lapho zihlanza khona ngenkuthalo amanzi olwandle, okusiza kakhulu.
Izindimbane zalezi zidalwa ezisebenzayo zibhekana nezidumbu ezinkulu ezibolayo zezilwane zasolwandle. Amahhashi asogwini ahlala kuyo yonke indawo ogwini lolwandle, lapho ukhula lwasolwandle luphonswa khona yi-surf. Ziyabonakala kakhulu, ngoba ngokungakhathali zigxuma ziyimihlambi emoyeni.
Kukhona ama-amphipods angalimaza izakhiwo zabantu - amadamu, amabhuloho, amadamu. Lo ngumsila uzipho, otholakala ngasogwini lwaseMelika. Kungabonakala nasogwini lwaseYurophu. Icekela phansi izakhiwo eziqinile ezinamaphini amancane kodwa aqinile, iwahlukanise ngamatshe amatshe ukuze yakhe isidleke esiyisilinda.
Ngaphakathi kuyo, inamathela ngezingwegwe ezinqeni zayo, futhi iyaqhubeka. Uphondo lukaNeptune, olunye lwama-amphipods, lukhulu kakhulu, lungakhula lube ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Amehlo amakhulu amakhulu nomzimba oguqukayo yizici zawo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
UGammarus uyatholakala cishe yonke indawo, ngisho nasezilwandle ezibandayo zasolwandle. Izindikimba zamanzi ezintsha nezinsimbi ezinobubanzi obuhlukahlukene yikhaya lazo. Ngaphandle kokuthi kuseyi-crustacean yamanzi angenasawoti noma imfanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti, ihlala kunoma imuphi umzimba wamanzi, noma ubrackish kancane, inqobo nje uma kukhona i-oxygen.
Kuningi kakhulu emifuleni, emachibini, emachibini. I-flea crayfish iqoqana ngaphansi kwamatshe, phakathi kwesihlabathi noma amatshe amancanyana, kusondele ngokwanele ogwini. Ungayithola ngaphansi kwezinkuni, izihlahla eziwele emanzini, noma ezitshalweni ezibolile. Ikhetha izindawo ezinomthunzi lapho zipholile futhi zinomoya-mpilo.
Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile kuye lisuka ku-0 liye ku-26 degrees Celsius. Ensimini yaseRussia, ukwehluka okukhulu kwalowo omele kuyabonakala eLake Baikal. UMormysh ukhula impilo yakhe yonke, ngakho-ke uhlala ekhipha, elahla igobolondo elidala futhi athole entsha.
Lokhu kwenzeka njalo ngesonto ngenkathi efudumele. Ngemuva kwe-molt yesikhombisa, ukuphuma kwe-lamellar kuvela emlenzeni wesibili noma wesihlanu kwabesifazane. Bakha igumbi lezingane. Ngemuva kokushintshwa kweshumi kwegobolondo, owesifazane uyavuthwa ngokocansi.
I-fleop bokoplav iyisakhamuzi sasemanzini. Emini, uzama ukucasha ndawana thize emanzini endaweni ecashile. Ubhukuda ngentshiseko ebusuku. Ishona uma kune-oxygen encane emanzini. Ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi, i-crustacean igxuma ingene enhlabathini futhi iwele phansi. Ngokushoda komoya-mpilo, ingavuka ithole indawo engaphakathi kweqhwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kunzima ukukhuluma ngokudla kwesilwane, nakho uqobo ukudla. Mncane kakhulu ukuthi imenyu yawo kufanele ithiyori incishiswe ize ibe ngosayizi abancane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka, udla konke okungena echibini. Ukudla kuphela okufanele kube "okunukayo" okuncane. Ikakhulu ikhetha izitshalo nemifino okungeyona eyokuqala okusha.
Amaqabunga abolayo, izinsalela zesitshalo sedada nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini - lokhu kungukudla kwakhe okuyinhloko. Kepha futhi angadla inhlanzi efile noma inyama. E-aquarium, bazimisele kakhulu ukudla inyama. Futhi lokhu akuwona umkhawulo. Bangakwazi nokudla umfowabo.
Imihlathi yabo ebhangqiwe engenhla yezinsimbi zomlomo iqine kangangokuba ingagaya intambo yenetha lokudoba lapho ama-crustaceans engena kanye nenhlanzi. Emhlambini, ama-amphipods akwazi ukuhlasela isidalwa esikhudlwana, isibonelo, izikelemu. Bayazidla ndawonye futhi ngokushesha, bazichoboze zibe yizicucu. IGammarus iyasiza kakhulu ngokuhlanzwa kwamanzi, ukuhleleka kwangempela kwamanzi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuzala kabusha ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele kwenzeka kaninginingi phakathi nonyaka wokuphila, enyakatho - kanye kuphela. Isikhathi sokuzalisa esisebenza kakhulu yingxenye yokuqala yehlobo. Abaqhudelana besilisa balwa kanzima ngabesifazane. Owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke onqobayo.
Ugxumela okhethiweyo wakhe futhi ahlale emuva, azivikele ngemilenze yakhe ephezulu. Bangahlala kulesi sikhundla isikhathi esingangesonto. Sonke lesi sikhathi, owesilisa ugcina ngosizo lwezinzipho zakhe. Ama-molts abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Umlingani wakhe uyamsiza kulokhu, edonsa igobolondo elidala ngozipho nangemilenze.
Ngemuva kwe-molt ephumelelayo, owesilisa ufaka igumbi lakhe lezingane, bese eshiya insikazi. Ubeka amaqanda "egumbini" elilungisiwe. Lapho bayathuthuka. Zihlinzekwa nge-oxygen yi-crustacean, ihlale ikha amanzi ngemilenze yayo ezigulini zayo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye iya egumbini lezingane.
Amaqanda e-crustacean ayabonakala impela, amnyama, cishe angama-30 awo. Intuthuko iphela ngenkathi efudumele emasontweni ama-2-3, ngenkathi ebandayo - kabili ubude. Abantu abakhiwe ngokuphelele baphuma emaqandeni.
Ama-crustaceans amancane ashiya i-nursery ngemuva kwe-molt yabo yokuqala. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-2-3. Impilo yale crustacean izinyanga eziyi-11-12. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka angaphili isikhathi esifushane kangako. Izingelwa ngenkuthalo yizinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinyoni nezinambuzane.
Ngubani ongaphakelwa iGammarus eyomile
Lezi zilwane ezincane zibalulekile njengokudla kwezinhlanzi. Zisetshenziswa nakwezamabhizinisi ezimboni - ezimbonini zezinhlanzi nasemapulazini okulinywa izinhlanzi ezibalulekile zentengiso, ngokwesibonelo, i-sturgeon, i-carp, i-trout. Ziyaziwa futhi ngama-aquarists.
Zisebenzisa ama-crustaceans ukondla izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho bethenga okuphakelayo bayabuza kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-gammarus ibe izimfudu. Yebo, izinhlobo zasemanzini zofudu ziyidla ngenjabulo, awukwazi ukuzondla ngale crustacean yodwa. Udinga ukwenza ukudla okunomsoco.
Isetshenziswa njenge-ballast feed ukuhlanza umzimba wezinhlanzi. Ukuthandwa kwayo okuphezulu kungenxa yokuthi okuphakelayo kwe-gammarus okunomsoco kakhulu. I-100 g ye-mormysh eyomile iqukethe amaprotheni angama-56.2%, amafutha angu-5.8%, ama-carbohydrate angu-3.2% kanye ne-carotene eningi.
Bazama ukungawasebenzisi la ma-crustaceans ngendlela yabo yemvelo ephilayo, njengoba bekwazi ukuthwala izimuncagazi eziyingozi zezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, afriziwe, aqandiswe nge-ozonized, afakwa umusi ukuze abulale amagciwane. Intengo yaseGammarus kuya ngevolumu yokupakisha nohlobo lwento yokusebenza.
Isibonelo, i-mormysh ehlanganisiwe eyomile esitolo se-inthanethi ingathengwa ngama-ruble angama-320. ngo-0.5 kg, isikhwama esinesisindo esingu-15 g sibiza ama-ruble angama-25. Futhi ichotshoziwe emasakeni ka-100 g - ama-ruble angama-30 lilinye. isikhwama ngasinye. * Ngokuvamile, amanani abekwa ngabathengisi uqobo, futhi ancike esigabeni nasesikhathini sokuphelelwa yisikhathi. (* Amanani avela ngoJuni 2019).
Ungaphakela nezinhlanzi ezincane, kufanele usike kancane lokhu kudla. La ma-crustaceans abhekwa njengakhulu ezilwaneni ezincane ezifuywayo. Ukuze uthambise igobolondo le-chitinous, ungaminza kancane i-crustacean emanzini ashisayo. IGammarus inikezwa izinhlanzi nezimfudu amahlandla ama-1-2 ngesonto.
Iminenke - njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3. UGammarus weminenke ngaphambi kwenqubo yokondla, kufanele ibekwe esitsheni esikhethekile, okuphakelayo noma esitsheni. Ibekwe hhayi ichotshoziwe, kodwa iphelele emaqabungeni ezitshalo. Inhlanzi ingabamba ukudla endizeni, kanti iminenke ihamba kancane kakhulu
Badinga usizo. Hlanza okuphakelayo ngemuva kokuphakela, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nephunga elingathandeki. Futhi zama ukususa izinsalela nezinsalela ezisakazeke ezansi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ziwohloke, isilwane singabe sesifakwa ubuthi. UGammarus uyaphila ukudla kwezimfudu ezinamaqabunga abomvu, kepha kuphakelwa ngamanani amancane.
Ukubamba i-gammarus
Kwami i-gammarus yezinhlanzi ungazenzela. Beka inqwaba ye-hay noma igatsha le-spruce emanzini asogwini. Maduze ama-crustaceans agile azothola ukudla nokugaqa esiqwini sotshani. Phuma "ogibeni", udedele, futhi ungaphinda wehlise. Ukubamba i-gammarus - akunzima, kepha kuthatha isikhathi. Ungayibamba ngenetha noma ngendwangu esobala.
Ebusika, iqoqwa kusuka endaweni engezansi yeqhwa ngesicupho esikhethekile, esibizwa nge- "hlanganisa", "umkhombe", "ukubamba". Ingagcinwa bukhoma, iqandisiwe futhi yomile. Ukumgcina ephila isikhathi eside, mbeke esitsheni samanzi esivela echibini lakhe lendabuko.
Beka inhlabathi namatshe ukusuka lapho phansi. Beka isitsha endaweni epholile, emnyama. Kuhlala kuphela ukuhlela ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo komoya-mpilo. Nsuku zonke, ingxenye yesithathu yamanzi kufanele ishintshwe ibe yintsha. Ungayifaka endwangwini enomswakama bese uyibeka engxenyeni engezansi yesiqandisi. Indwangu kufanele igezwe nsuku zonke. Ungakugcina lokhu kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-7.
Uma ubambe ama-crustaceans amaningi, kunconywa ukuthi uwomise. Ama-crustaceans amasha kuphela okufanele omiswe. Bafake emanzini abilayo kafushane ngaphambi kokumisa ukuze ubulale amagciwane. Musa nje ukupheka, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini ashisayo kuzonciphisa inani lokudla okunempilo kokuphakelayo. AmaCrustaceans omisiwe endaweni evulekile.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi usakaze kwi-cheesecloth ukuze konke kushaywe ngumoya. Isibonelo, welule ngaphezu kohlaka oluncane. Ayikwazi ukomiswa kuhhavini noma elangeni. Futhi-ke, ungomi kuhhavini le-microwave. Kuphela endaweni enomthunzi, ngokwemvelo. I-gammarus eyomile ingasetshenziswa izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, zingabanda.
Hlukanisa kube izingxenye zesidlo esisodwa, iqhwa ezingxenyeni ezincane ezingeni lokushisa lama -18-20 degrees. Ukudla okunjalo kugcinwa isikhathi eside, kuze kube unyaka. Indoda ibamba la ma-crustaceans ukuze ibambe izinhlanzi ezinkulu eziyigugu kuzo. Kukhona indawo yonke yokudoba lezi crustaceans eChibini iBaikal. Zilethwa ziphila ngemiphongolo echibini, zisike izimbobo eqhweni bese ziphonswa ngesandla emanzini, zihehe izinhlanzi ezibalulekile ze-omul.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Igobolondo le-chitinous laseGammarus linama-allergen aqinile. Ngakho-ke, ungazishiyi izingane eduze kwesitsha esivulekile esiqukethe lokhu kudla. Uma uqaphela ukuthi umthandi wakho wezinhlanzi omncane unezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba, ungazami ukuqeda i-aquarium khona manjalo, Thatha ukudla isikhashana.
- I-gammarus crustacean iqukethe i-carotene eningi, ngakho-ke inhlanzi, ezondla ngayo, izobe inemibala egqamile. Kepha ungasebenzisi kabi futhi wondle izilwane ezifuywayo - inhlanzi, izimfudu, iminenke, lokhu kudla kuphela. Imenyu kufanele iphelele futhi ilinganiselwe.
- Kunama-amphipods angama-parasitic emvelweni. Zihlukile ngoba zinamehlo amahle kakhulu. Bayakudinga lokhu ukuze "bahlole" isilwane sokubhukuda esifanele bona - "umnikazi". Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, bangakushintsha kaningi.
- Amanye ama-amphipods eChibini iBaikal anabamele besilisa abancane kakhulu kunabesifazane kangangokuthi abizwa ngegama elithi "mfushane".
- Ngenxa yesimo somzimba esingajwayelekile, ama-mormys aziphatha ngokuthokozisayo uma ebanjwa esandleni. Izungeza entendeni yesandla sakho njenge-whirligig, ilele ngohlangothi.
- La ma-crustaceans angakwazi ukuphuma kukholamu lamanzi aze afike ekuphakameni okuphindwe kasikhulu ubukhulu bawo.
- Kukhona ama-gourmets asemanzini athanda kakhulu i-gammarus, ayibheka njengokudla okumnandi futhi, uma kungenzeka, ayidle kuphela. Le yinhlanzi ye-trout. Uma uthatha la ma-crustaceans uhamba nawo ukuyodoba i-trout, kuzoqinisekiswa ukuthi kudotshwa kahle!
