I-Krasnodar Territory ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yiKuban ngabantu, noma kunjalo, inkulu, futhi iqukethe ezinye izifunda. Kodwa kwenzeka kanjalo. Kuban kithi - the Krasnodar Territory, indawo ekhazinyulisiwe, i-granary yezwe lethu, i-Cossack patrimony. Isifunda esinesibindi, esinamandla, esikhululekile nesiphanayo.
Ubizwa kanjalo ngomfula omkhulu ogeleza lapha - i-Kuban, egelezela oLwandle lwe-Azov futhi ihlukanise isifunda sibe izingxenye ezimbili. Ifulethi elisenyakatho lithatha indawo esezansi yeKuban-Priazovskaya futhi, ngokwendawo, lakha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesifunda sonke. Ingxenye eseningizimu, izintaba namagquma, itholakala engxenyeni yesithathu yendawo engaphansi kweGreater Caucasus. Iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu yiNtaba iTsakhvoa (3345 m).
Igama elithi "Kuban" lingahunyushwa lisuselwa ku-Turkic ngokuthi "umfudlana wamahhashi" noma "umfula onodlame, onamandla". Lo mfula ojulile uyisici sokuqala esithonya imvelo emangalisayo yesifunda. Ukukhululeka kwayo kubonakaliswa yimifula kanye nezindawo ezikhukhulayo, ezine-microclimate yazo eyingqayizivele. Ngakho-ke imvelo enhle nezilwane nezinyoni ezithokozisayo.
Isici sesibili, kodwa esingabalulekile kangako esinomthelela kokuhlukile kwemvelo izintaba nezintaba. Isibonelo, i-Taman Peninsula iyisibonelo sosizo oluyinkimbinkimbi oluhlala njalo, lapho izigodi eziyizicaba zishintshana khona nezintaba. Ensimini yenhlonhlo kunezintaba-mlilo ezingama-30 zodaka, ezisasebenza futhi esezibolile.
Intaba-mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke esebenzayo - iKarabetova Gora, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-152. E-Taman kune-hydrogen sulfide silt nodaka kasawoti, okuyimpiliso. Izakhiwo zabo aziqondakali ngokuphelele. Njengamanje zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinzwa, isisu, amathumbu namalunga. Kepha amandla okusetshenziswa kokwelashwa asemakhulu kakhulu.
Ensimini yeKuban, umuntu angabona ushintsho ezimweni zezulu ezintathu - amazwekazi alinganiselayo, iMedithera eyomile kancane kanye nezindawo ezishisayo. Lezi ezimbili zokugcina ziyisici solwandle olumnyama. Kuvunguza imimoya enamandla lapha, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bora. Esifundeni saseNovorossiysk, i-Anapa neGelendzhik, umoya we-bora ushesha ufike ku-15 m / s, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ufike ku-40 m / s.
Esifundeni esiphakathi, ubusika obushisayo nobusika obufudumele kunemvelo. Lesi yisifunda esiseningizimu nesifudumele kunazo zonke eRussia, ngaphandle kokuthi sigezwa yizilwandle ezimbili - iBlack ne-Azov. Lesi yisici sesithathu esibe nomthelela esimweni sezulu nesimo sendawo. Futhi manje sifika esikhathini lapho igama "iningi" lizophinyiswa kaningi. Ukuthi nje kunezindawo eziningi ezehlukile eKrasnodar Territory.
IBlack Sea ibhekwa njengeyifudumele eRussia. Kepha kuhlala izilwane zasolwandle kuphela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-150-200. Akekho ohlala ngaphansi ngenxa ye-hydrogen sulfide eyingozi. Lolu lwandle kuhlala ogwala kakhulu oshaka - katran. Uyesaba indoda, futhi uyizingela ngenjabulo ngenxa yenyama emnandi futhi ethambile.
Izindawo zokungcebeleka ezisogwini loLwandle Olumnyama ziyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. I-Sochi, i-Adler, i-Anapa, i-Gelendzhik - la magama sazi kusukela ebuntwaneni njengezindawo zokungcebeleka ezihamba phambili zaseRussia. Kepha kunezikhathi ezikhethekile zenkazimulo. INovorossiysk yidolobha lamaqhawe eRussia, kanti iTuapse ne-Anapa yimizi yodumo lwezempi ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo eMpini Enkulu Yobuzwe.
USochi ubephethe ngokuhloniphekile ama-Olimpiki wasebusika ka-2014. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyindawo yokuhlala ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni nedolobha elisenyakatho kakhulu elinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kodwa ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, iSochi yayiyindawo yokudingiselwa, njengoba kwakunjalo nasezixhaphozini zikamalaleveva.
I-Katran incane kunazo zonke phakathi koshaka
Ulwandle i-Azov ulwandle olungajulile kakhulu emhlabeni futhi oluncane kunazo zonke eRussia. Ehlobo kufudumala kuze kufike ku-25 degrees ngasogwini, kanti ebusika kuba yiqhwa izinyanga ezine. Iqhwa lifinyelela ku-90 cm ubukhulu.Lolu lwandle luthathwa njengenye yezilwandle ezinenhlanzi kakhulu eRussia.
IKrasnodar safari park iyona enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia. IDolphinarium "Big Utrish" iyona kuphela emhlabeni. Sengiphetha, singangeza ukuthi itiye leKrasnodar yitiye elisenyakatho kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, kuyamangaza ukuthi itiye likhula lapho, kepha lokhu kufakazela ubungqayizivele besimo sezulu salesi sifunda.
Izilwane Zendawo YaseKrasnodar enezici eziningi futhi ehlukahlukene. Indawo yesifunda inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-90 zezilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-300 zezinyoni, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye no-11 - izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini. Asikho isikhala esanele sokukhuluma ngalowo nalowo wabo. Sizokhuluma kuphela ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo, singakhohlwa ukugqamisa isigaba "Izilwane zeRed Data Book zeKrasnodar Territory ".
Izilwane ezincelisayo
1. Amabhere ansundu aseCaucasus (IBhuku Elibomvu leKrasnodar Territory - iKKKK, ngemuva kwalokhu). Zibalelwa ku-300 zazo ezisele endle. Esinye sezilwane ezinkulu ezidla umhlaba. Isisindo sayo singafinyelela kuma-300-350 kg. Uma ime ngemilenze yayo yangemuva, ikhula ize ifike kumamitha amabili. Isilwane esihlakaniphile nesinobuqili. Omnivorous, kepha uyayithanda inhlanzi eluhlaza. Ngokuvamile uhlala yedwa.
2. ILynx Caucasian - abantu abangama-500 ngokwemvelo yendawo, ummeleli wezilwane. Wabonwa izikhathi eziningana emagqumeni eKuban. Ubude obufinyelela ku-110 cm, bunomuzwa obuthakathaka wephunga, ukuzwa nokubona kuhlukile.
Ijazi linombala ompunga onamabala amaningi amnyama, ezindlebeni kukhona intshakaza encane yoboya. Umsila mfushane. Izingela ngokugxuma okunamandla nokusheshayo. Ingabekwa ngezigaba njenge- "Izilwane ezisengozini yeKrasnodar Territory»
3. Ingwe yase-Asia Ephakathi ingenye yezinhlobo zayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isidlakela esihle, esihle, esiyingozi. Inesikhumba esicwebezelayo segolide esinamabala amnyama. Ngemuva kunezindawo eziningi ezinde ezinwebekile - lokhu kuyisici sakhona. Akawathandi amanzi, ukhwela ezihlahleni nasezintabeni. Itholakala eTranscaucasia naseCaucasus.
4. Ikati lasehlathini laseCaucasus yisilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye izilwane. Uhola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, etholakala emahlathini aseKrasnodar Territory endaweni elinganiselwe. Ubude bufinyelela ku-0.5 m, ikhanda likhulu, amehlo ayindilinga, ebusika ijazi elinemigqa liba lishonile ngebhantshi elithambile. Ophethe uzipho olude nolucijile. Inani labantu ligcinwa lilawulwa ngokuqinile.
5. Ukugqoka i-Ferret, okufana ne-ferret ejwayelekile. I-steppe ferret enhle futhi enhle iyisilwane esinolaka esivela emndenini weasel. Umbala we-variegated umehluko wawo omkhulu kwabanye abantu. Lokhu kungenzeka kungokuzifihla okukhaliphile. Izingela amagundane, ama-hamsters namanye amagundane. Inani labantu lahlupheka ngomuntu, wabulawa ngenxa yesikhumba esihle.
6. Inyathi yezintaba ingeyesigaba sezinhlobo ezibuyiselwe. Manje sekunezingu-420 zalezi zilwane ezinkulu eKuban. Umhlali wehlathi lasezintabeni, uhlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Usayizi womzimba ubuna - 1.8 m, ubude 3-3.3 m Isisindo - kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-600 kg.
Abesifazane bancane. Ijazi linombala onsundu ngombala, lisontekile, ikhanda likhulu, litholakala ngaphansi kokubunayo, linezimpondo ezincane ezigobile. Bathi ngabantu abanjalo "bored". Enye yezinhlobo zezilwane ezindala kakhulu, okhokho bayo bakhumbula ama-mammoths.
7. I-chamois yaseCaucasus, uhlobo oluhlukile lwezintaba eziphakeme, lungafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-50 km / h. Ehlobo, isikhumba siwolintshi, ebusika ijazi liyakhula libuyele emuva, ngemuva libe nsundu, isisu simhlophe, izinhlangothi zibe mpunga. Abesilisa banezimpondo eziyindilinga. I-chamois ezacile, eqinile, eqaphe kakhulu, engaboni nhlobo isitha, ngokuphazima kweso iyanyamalala emehlweni.
8. I-otter yaseCaucasus, isilwane esincane esifana ne-marten noma i-mink-like, umzingeli osebenzayo, uhlala eduze kwamanzi. Ijazi limnyama nsundu, izihlathi nesifuba kumhlophe. Esithombeni ubukeka ethukuthele ngenxa yekhala lakhe eliyisicaba namashiya "afinyanise ubuso", umthandi wemifula yamaqhwa engabandi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ihlanzekile. Umzingeli Wasebusuku. Cishe zingama-260 zazo emvelweni.
9. I-European mink, isilwane esingajwayelekile esiphethe uboya esinoboya obumnyama obukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Uhlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi. Idla izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izinhlanzi, amagundane, izinambuzane. Kunezicucu ezingaba ngu-200 ezisele esifundeni.
10. Uhambo lwaseNtshonalanga (Kuban), oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimbuzi yasentabeni. Izinkambo zihlala phezulu kakhulu ezintabeni, cishe kumamitha ayi-3000. Ngesikhathi belapho, babukela phansi ezinye izilwane. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane banezimpondo, nabesilisa nabo banezintshebe.
Uma bethuka, babaleka bagudle amatshe, bazi ukuthi kwabanye akutholakali. Zihlala ngamaqembu amancane, kwesinye isikhathi iqembu lonke liwumndeni owodwa oholwa ngumholi wesilisa. Banelukuluku lokwazi, bayabavumela ukuba basondele ngokwabo. Emkhakheni "osengozini" ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature, awukabandakanywa kwiRed Book.
11. Izinyamazane zikaSika zacishe zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Inyama emnandi, uboya bokuqala obunamabala kanye nezimpondo ezibalulekile zezinyamazane ezincane, lapho benza khona izidakamizwa - yingakho abantu bacishe basiqothula lesi silwane. Manje isimo sesithuthuke kancane, kepha zisekhona kuwo wonke amaRed Data Books, womabili owaseRussia kanye naseRussia, naseKuban Kuban.
12. UWeasel uyisilwane esidla inyama esincane kunazo zonke, kodwa hhayi esinokuthula kakhulu. Kuze kube ngu-20 cm ubude, kepha ngesibindi nangokufutheka akuyona into engaphansi kwezilwane ezinkulu. Uzingela amagundane, angabhubhisa abantu abathathu ngosuku olulodwa. Ngezikhathi zamaSoviet, i-raccoon yayisetshenziswa kakhulu. Wathatha izimpande kahle eKrasnodar Territory.
Usayizi wenja encane, umzimba ongafika ku-60 cm ubude, isisindo esifinyelela ku-8 kg. Imilenze imifushane, umsila mude futhi uyathambile. Isifonyo esibukhali esinama-sideburns. Izindlebe ziyindilinga. Amabala amnyama azungeze amehlo. Izidladla zangaphambili zifana nezandla ezincane, zithanda ukubamba ngamanzi, noma ukugeza ukudla noma izinto zasendlini. Ijazi likhulu, lisiliva. Uhlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi.
Ama-Weasel ajwayele ukuhlasela izinkukhu
Mhlawumbe, singagxila kulokhu encazelweni yesihloko esithi “Izilwane zasendle zaseKrasnodar Territory "... Ngoba ezinye izilwane zivame ukutholakala kwezinye izifunda. Kodwa-ke, sizobazi kafushane. Iqiniso ngukuthi iKuban yindawo eyintandokazi yabathandi bokuzingela. Ngemuva kokuthola ilayisense, ungafika uzozingela lezi zilwane ezilandelayo:
13. Ingulube yasendle. Manje cishe bangama-10 000 wabo ngokwemvelo yeKuban. Isilo esikhulu esesabekayo, omnivorous. Izinwele ezinzima kakhulu nsundu, amazinyo kanye nesimo esibi. Into yokuzingela enelayisense.
14. Izimpisi zalesi sifunda zincane ngosayizi wezimpisi ze-taiga. Zincanyana, zikhuluphele, umbala wejazi ubamnyama kancane ngenxa yamachashaza woboya obunsundu. Kunokwanele kwabo ezilwaneni zesifunda.
15. Izimpungushe ikakhulu zibomvu ngamabele amhlophe. Izimpungushe zeKuban zincane ngosayizi, zinamahloni, zingesabi, zingasondela ezindaweni zokuhlala. Kuvunyelwe ukuzingela okunelayisense.
16. Impungushe noma impisi yegolide — umhlaseli we-canine. Ngaphandle kubukeka njengempisi encane. Umlingiswa uyakhohlisa futhi uyigwala. Bafuduka ngempumelelo enkulu nangokuzimisela. Bahlala isikhathi eside ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama lwaseCaucasus. Zizalela ngempumelelo ezindaweni zomhlanga. Inombolo yabo eKuban kwesinye isikhathi idlula imikhawulo evunyelwe, khona-ke ukudubula kwalezi zilwane kuvunyelwe.
Ukufuna ukudla, izimpungushe zingangena ngesinyenyela emizini yabantu
17. Izinja ze-Raccoon zilingana nenja encane. Ama-paw amafushane. Ifana ngombala ne-raccoon enemigqa. Zingabonakala ngezici zokuziphatha, ku-raccoon umzimba usondele kakhulu kunenkawu, enjeni ye-raccoon - ku-fox noma i-canine.
Ama-paw ahlukile, ama-raccoon anokuqina. Umsila we-raccoon izindandatho, inja ye-raccoon ayinayo izindandatho. Izindlebe zifushane, isifonyo siba namandla. Futhi uyakwazi ukwenza yap. Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi ziyizindawo ezimanzi ezimanzi. Imigodi ivame ukuhlala ngezimbila noma izimpungushe, kuyaqabukela zizimbe.
Kwesinye isikhathi inani labantu liyanda futhi bahlasela izindawo zokuhlala. Izinyamazane ezibomvu, izinyamazane ze-fallow, i-roe deer, i-elk, i-hares, onogwaja, ama-squirrels, ama-badger nama-martens – lezi zilwane kungaba yizinto zokuzingela okunelayisense.
Futhi kutholakala lapha:
1. Shrew emndenini we-shrews, iqembu eliningi kakhulu lezilwane ezincelisayo. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-179. Ungabona isikulufa esincane esinamabhande amhlophe nesikaVolnukhin.
2. Izimvukuzane zaseCaucasus, izinambuzane. Ngosayizi nombala, ziyefana nezaseYurophu, amehlo azo kuphela afihlwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba esincane. Usayizi ngobude obungu-10-14 cm, umsila ongu-3 cm, isisindo esingu-40-95 g.
3. I-water vole ne-vole ejwayelekile (igundane elivela kuma-hamsters), ama-ferrets, amagundane asemaqeleni.
Amalulwane
Sikhethe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene kuphela lezo ezirekhodwe eNcwadini Ebomvu Yesifunda saseKrasnodar ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene: kusuka "ekubangeleni ukukhathazeka okuncane" kuya "engozini."
1. Ubusuku obubomvu ilulwane elikhulu elivela emndenini onekhala elibushelelezi, linesisindo esingu-20-40 g, ubude bomzimba u-6-8 cm, amaphiko ubude obungu-30-40 cm. Umbala womzimba ubomvu noma nsundu ngokukhanyayo. Iphansi lilula. Izinhlobo ezingasongelwa kangako.
2. IGiant kusihlwa iphathi ilulwane elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. Usayizi kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-10 cm, amaphiko ubude be-41-48 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-76 g Umbala ubomvu we-chestnut.
3. IVechernitsa Encane (iLeisler Vechernitsa) incane kunazo zonke zeVechernitsa ezibalwe. Usayizi 5-6 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-20 g. Umbala we-Chestnut. Bahlala nemindeni.
4. I-Shirokoushka European noma ilulwane elinekhala elide elinezinqe ezinde - isilwane esivela kuhlobo lweShiroushki. Encane, emnyama ngombala. Ijazi lisuka kushokholethi lize licishe libe mnyama ngamabhomu amahle. Isisindo esingu-6-15 g. Indlebe nge-notch engajulile ngaphambili, ne-lobe encane ngemuva.
5. Amabhu ayizinhlobo zamalulwane anamakhala abushelelezi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu. Isisindo sawo sisuka ku-25 kuye ku-45 g, isifonyo sihlangene, izindlebe zingaba zombili ezinde futhi zibe mfushane, Ijazi lide, liwugqinsi, lisuka esihlabathini liye kubomvu ngokugqamile.
IBhuku Elibomvu leKrasnodar Territory lifake izinhlobo ezimbalwa: ezinamalebe abukhali, ichibi, i-tricolor, iBechstein, uNatterer, uBrandt, mustachioed, steppe.
6. Amalulwane - amalulwane, anempumulo ebushelelezi, amalulwane aqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-40. Isisindo esivela ku-3 kuye ku-20 g, isifonyo sifinyeziwe, izindlebe zincane, zincane futhi zikhombisa amaphiko, umbala uvela kokumnyama onsundu kuya esihlabathini esinombala obomvu. I-Red Book yesifunda iqukethe izinhlobo ezi-2: ilulwane elincane kanye nelulwane laseMedithera.
7. Amaphiko Amade Avamile - Leli ilulwane eliboniswa kuphawu lukaBatman. Izimpiko ezinde ziyisici sakhe esiyinhloko. Ngenxa yabo, angafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km / h futhi andize amabanga amade. Ububanzi bezindiza obumisiwe bungu-285 km.
8. Ilulwane laseNingizimu, njengoba igama lisho, liyilulwane elinekhala elifushane elimise okwehhashi. Umbala wejazi umpunga, ngemuva kumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi kube nombala obomvu, bahlala emihumeni noma ophahleni.
9. Izikhumba zinamathoni amabili futhi sezihambile izikhathi. Amalulwane avame kakhulu ahlala ezindlini zasedolobheni. Bazingela omiyane namabhu, isikhali yi-ultrasound.
Izinyoni
Uma siqala ukukhumbula izinyoni esizaziyo, sizozibamba sicabanga ukuthi cishe zonke zitholakala eKrasnodar Territory. Ngaphakathi kwedolobha kuphela lapho ungathola khona izindwandwe, ama-swans, amadada, amahansi, amajuba, ama-seagulls, ama-cuckoos, abaphuzayo, ama-starlings, ama-tits, ondlunkulu, ama-woodpeckers, ama-jays, ama-magpies, ama-cormorants, ama-jackdaws, ama-swifts, ama-bullfinches, ama-nightingales.
Izikhova ezinamaphiko amade nezinqe ezimfushane, izikhova zasendlini, nezikhova ezi-tawny zihlala emaphethelweni edolobha nasemapaki. Sizobambelela emthethweni owamukelwe. Sizozama ukusho eziningi, kodwa izinyoni zeRed Book sizobheka ngokukhethekile.
1. Izikhova ezinamaqabunga amafushane zingabazingeli basemini, azilokothi zihlale ezihlahleni, ziphumule zihleli kuma-hummock. Kubukeka njengesikhova esinezindlebe ezinde, kepha kuphuzi kakhulu futhi akukho ukuqhekeka okuphaphanayo ezimpapheni. Izindlebe azibonakali.
2. Isikhova, inyoni yezikhova. Inyoni enkulu enombala ophuzi ngokumnyama onezimpaphe ezinkulu ezindlebeni. Usayizi 62-67 cm, isisindo 2.7-3.3 kg. Kwaqothulwa ngenxa yomsebenzi womnotho womuntu. Futhi njengesampula lezilwane ezifakiwe zama-taxidermists.
3. Isikhova i-Scops isikhova esinezimpaphe. Isincane ngosayizi, cishe ngosayizi wenkanyezi. Umbala u-grey umlotha onemigqa emihle. Ithole igama layo ngenxa yokukhala kwayo "sleepy-yu-yu", yezwa ebusuku. Edolobheni, uvame ukubulawa ukushayisana nezintambo noma ukuthuthwa.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama ezihlala kulesi sifunda nazo zimelwe kabanzi: umuntu odla iminyovu ovamile, i-goshawk, i-sparrowhawk, i-hobbyhorse ne-kestrel - lezi yizinyoni ezingakabalwa njengezi "sengozini."
I-Red Book ye-Kuban iqukethe izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe. Enye yezinyoni ezine ezinkulu zokudla. Usayizi womzimba kuze kufike ku-90 cm, amaphiko - 2.2-2.3 m Isisindo - 6-7 kg. Umzimba unsundu, futhi umsila omncane omise okwesigejane umhlophe. Ngakho igama.
Ukudla kakhulu inhlanzi kukholakala ukuthi kuyingozi ekufuyeni izinhlanzi.Ngenxa yalokhu, futhi ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwamahlathi, ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi, imisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu, inani labantu selinyamalele. Manje njengoba sekuvuselelwa, isibalo siyalulama kancane.
2. Ubhungane ojwayelekile. Inyoni edlayo. Lathola igama lalo ngenxa yezwi lalo elingajabulisi, elifana nemewe yekati elidonswayo, sengathi "liyabubula".
3. Indawo yokungcwaba ukhozi. Isidalwa esinamaphiko esidlayo esinephrofayili enesando neso elibukhali. Ingaphandle inkulu, izimpiko zinde ngokwanele, kepha umsila awunjalo. Iphakela umdlalo womabili ophilayo kanye nesidumbu.
4. Ukhozi olusemaqeleni luyinyoni esabekayo nenkulu edla inyama ngomlomo wayo ugobile. Kunemivimbo ephuzi ezansi komlomo. Izimpiko zifinyelela ku-2 m.
5. Ukhozi olusagolide luyinyoni edlayo yokhokho. Umzingeli oncomekayo, ezinsukwini zakudala babefundiswa ukuzingela ngochakide.
6. I-Peregrine Falcon - enye yezinyoni ezisheshayo ezidla inyamazane, uma kungenjalo esheshayo.
7. IGyrfalcon wumndeni omuhle wezimpaphe zikaphaka. Ngaphandle ibukeka njengekhozi le-peregrine, ngaphezulu nje kunayo. Imvamisa, imibala imhlophe, noma i-variegated, kepha kunezindawo eziningi ezimhlophe namabhuleki. Ibizwa nge- "falcon emhlophe".
8. Ukhozi olufushane luyinyoni encane kakhulu ekhetha izihlahla ezinde ezinamakhasi ukuze zihlale kuzo zize zizalele. Umuntu oyedwa, uthola umlingani oyedwa impilo yakhe yonke (KKKK).
9. Inyoka yinyoni enkulu edla izichaka. Inamehlo ahlukile, iqaphela inyamazane yayo lapho indiza. Ukudla okuncanyelwayo izinyoka.
10. Inqe, inqevu, intshontsho elimnyama, inqe elimnyama, ukhozi olunamachashazi amancane, umdlalo wokuzilibazisa, i-steppe harrier - zonke lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama ziseRed Book yaseKuban.
11. I-Osprey iyinyoni yokuzingela enesibindi, esebenzayo emini, ayiphumuli ihleli phansi, ikhetha indawo yamanzi yokufika.
12. I-bustard encane - i-bustard enezimpaphe, iqembu lama-cranes. Unombala ongavamile. Ngaphansi komzimba kumhlophe, phezulu namaphiko kuguqukile, i-hazel grouse, intamo imnyama, kepha inemivimbo emincane emhlophe emhlophe esesimweni semigexo emibili.
13. I-bustard iyinyoni enkulu elingana ne-turkey, ithathwa njengenye yezindiza ezinkulu kakhulu. Umbala yi-motley ngamathoni ansundu alula. Igijima ngokushesha, icasha kahle. Bahlala bodwa, bahlangana ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
14. I-Demoiselle crane noma i-crane encane. Lona ummeleli omncane womndeni we-crane, ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-90 cm, isisindo kuze kufike ku-3 kg. Umbala wezimpaphe omkhulu umhlophe futhi mpunga ngokukhanyayo. Ikhanda nentamo kumnyama, ngemuva kwamehlo kunezinqa ezinde zezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Uqhwaku lufushane, luphuzi. IBelladonna ayinayo indawo "enempandla" kusuka emlomeni kuya emuva kwekhanda; imbozwe izimpaphe ezimpunga. Muhle kakhulu futhi unomusa, yingakho igama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unezwi elimnene, elihhahhayo. Inyoni emnandi ngayo yonke indlela.
15. Isinkwa ngunogolantethe onezimpaphe, umndeni wezibankwa. Imilenze emide. Usayizi womzimba usuka ku-45 kuye ku-65 cm, amaphiko afinyelela kumitha elilodwa. Isisindo esingaba ngu-6-7 kg. Umlomo omude kakhulu, ugobile ekugcineni, okukuvumela ukuthi ubhekisise kahle phansi emanzini angajulile.
Ubamba izinhlanzi, izinambuzane kanye nezilwane ezincane eziphila ezweni. Inhloko, umhlane nesisu kunombala kashokholethi, izimpiko zimnyama, ziphonswe ngethoni yethusi. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, umbala woshokholethi uyakhanya futhi ubomvu kancane. Ebusika, zonke izimpaphe ziyaphela. Bahlala emakoloni, bahlukane ngababili.
16. I-Spoonbill iyinhlobo yomndeni we-ibis onezimpaphe. Isidalwa esihle kakhulu esidalwe yimvelo. Uma ubuza kwi-Intanethi “Izilwane Zendawo YaseKrasnodar esithombeni”, Uzobona le nyoni kwesinye sezithombe zokuqala.
Lapho indiza, ibukeka njengengelosi emhlophe. Okusobala, njengokuvuleka, izimpaphe ezinombala weqhwa, izidladla ezimnyama ezinhle nekhala elibunjiwe ngokumangazayo. It has a ukuqina ekugcineni, kwesinye isikhathi kuphuzi. Ngemuva kwekhanda, kunesikhala esimhlophe. Entanyeni kukhona "umgexo" ophuzi obucayi wezimpaphe. Bahlala ngababili.
17. I-black-throated loon iyinyoni yasemanzini yama-loon loon. Uyehluka ngombala okhethekile wezimpaphe. "I-hi-tech enemigqa ye-Ultramodern". Amathoni - amhlophe, mpunga, amnyama ngokugcwala okuphephuli. Izinhlangothi nomphimbo kumnyama, isisu simhlophe. Unemilenze emifushane, ngakho-ke akahambi kakhulu emhlabeni, ulala ngesisu.
18. I-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus yinyoni ehlala ezintabeni zaseCaucasus endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2200. Umbala omnyama noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala amancane amhlophe eduze kwamaphiko, umsila omise imfoloko, amashiya abomvu.
19. Crestor cormorant - okufana nedada, inyoni yasemanzini yombala omnyama, enombala oluhlaza noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ikhanda elinezimpaphe lihlotshiswe ngophaphe lwezimpaphe, olubonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa. Uqhwaku lumnyama lunamabala aphuzi phansi. Usayizi ungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-70 ubude, izimpiko zivuleka cishe ngemitha. Isisindo - cishe 2 kg.
20. I-cormorant encane incane ngokuphindwe ka-2 kunokujwayelekile. Idla izinhlanzi ezincane, ezinomsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala.
21. IDalmatian Pelican iyinyoni enkulu efudukayo, edume ngokubizwa ngeBaba Bird ngenxa yezimpaphe ezisontekile ekhanda nasentanyeni. Umbono wesitayela sezinwele sowesifazane wenziwa. Uyabheda, uyabhidlika ogwini, kepha uyasebenza impela emanzini, ubude bomzimba bungaba ngamamitha amabili, isisindo esifinyelela ku-13 kg. Umbala - umhlophe ngokuqhakaza okumpunga ngemuva. Idla izinhlanzi nama-molluscs amancane. (KKKK)
22. Iphikisi elibomvana linombala obomvana obuzotho futhi lizingela ezindaweni ezingajulile kuphela.
23. Ihansi elinamabele abomvu liyinyoni encane yomndeni wedada. Ngokuvamile, lolu uhlobo lwehansi, kuphela ngosayizi oseduze kwedada. Ubude obunga-55 cm, isisindo esingu-1.5 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Umzimba ongenhla umnyama, amazolo namaphiko kubomvu, ama-undertail namaphethelo empiko amhlophe. Amehlo ansundu ngegolide ngokuhleleka okumnyama. Bayaphikisana kakhulu, abahlali phansi, bavame ukundiza. Ebhekwa njengezinyoni ezinhle zamahansi, ama-zoo amaningi aphupha ngokuba nawo eqoqweni lawo.
24. I-Waxwing iyinyoni engenakho ukuthula, ivame ukuzulazula futhi indize ibusika. Ekhanda kukhona uquqaba lwe-perky loba. Lezi zinyoni zingabathandi abakhulu bamajikijolo amnandi, kwesinye isikhathi ziyahlupheka kulokhu. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho sebephundule amajikijolo avuthiwe, bangadakwa futhi balahlekelwe ukuma. Uma ungenayo inhlanhla, bangafa.
25. AmaSiskin ayathanda ukuqala ekhaya, acula ngokwehlukahlukana futhi amnandi, izingoma zawo ziyinkimbinkimbi, kwesinye isikhathi ungezwa ukuphindaphinda nokuzithiba. Imvamisa balingisa imisindo engaphandle, kufaka phakathi i-birdong.
26. Umthandi wezindawo ezivulekile zeGoldfinch, uhlala emaphethelweni, akabesabi ubusika.
27. I-nightingale yabahlabeleli idume kakhulu, yize kungebona bonke abakuthandayo ukucula kwakhe. Abaningi bakubheka njengobunzima. Kunezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle ezaziwa kakhulu kubantu abaningi: i-golden bee-eater, loot, bunting, igajethi enekhanda elimnyama kanye ne-greenfinch.
28. Umudli wezinyosi osagolide, ngamanye amazwi odla izinyosi, uthathwa njengenye yezimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoni zase-Europe. Unebele elikhanyayo ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimpiko ezimnyama eziwolintshi nesigqoko ekhanda lakhe, uqhwaku kanye nesisekelo sayo kuqhwaku kunemigqa emnyama, emhlophe ngenhla kwamehlo, nentamo iphuzi ngokugqamile. Ithoyizi lonyaka omusha, futhi akukho okunye. Zihlala emagatsheni amakhulu noma ezintanjeni zikagesi ngamaqembu amancane.
29. USwoop uyinyoni yamanzi yomndeni wedada, i-merganser encane. Umbala ojwayelekile wezimpaphe umhlophe qhwa, ne-tuft ngemuva kwekhanda. Imivimbo emnyama ishelela ngemuva, ekhanda, entanyeni nasemaphikweni.
30. I-oatmeal iyinyoni encane, ecishe ilingane nondlunkulu. Kubonakala kalula ngezimpaphe zegolide eziphuzi esifubeni nasekhanda. Kuhola impilo yokuhlala, ebusika obubandayo ingandizela eduze kwabantu.
31. Izingwevu ezimnyama nezimhlophe, isitaki, i-shiloklyuvka, i-sea plover, i-partum, i-snowcock yaseCaucasus, i-kestrel, ihlathi nama-lark anezimpondo, i-thrush yamatshe, i-grey shrike, i-golden plover, i-pika enezinhlamvu ezimfushane, i-avdotka, i-steppe ne-meadow graters, i-tern encane, i-black grub ijuba lasolwandle, inhlwathi enamakhanda amnyama nengulube, ama-coolies, idada elinamakhanda amhlophe - zonke lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zifakiwe kwiRed Book yeKuban.
Njengoba ubona, lo muntu usebenze kanzima ukukhulisa le ncwadi. Isikhathi sokumisa kancane le nqubo. Ngendlela, amagwababa amnyama, ama-rook, amagwababa afakwe izigqoko ahlala esifundeni.
Izilwane zasemanzini
Izinhlobo zezilwane eKrasnodar Territoryezihlala emanzini noma eduze nawo zimelwe yizinhlanzi ezingavamile kanye nama-amphibian. Okokuqala, izinhlanzi ezithengiswayo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ikakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu yezomnotho.
Izinhlanzi eziyigugu njenge-lamprey yase-Ukraine, i-sturgeon, i-sterlet, i-stellate sturgeon, i-croaker, iva liyizisulu ezamukelekile zabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho. Ngakho-ke, singene eNcwadini Ebomvu. Bangaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso.
1. IBeluga iyinhlanzi edlayo edaywayo ebiza kakhulu. Izingela ezinye izinhlanzi. I-Beluga caviar ingumkhiqizo onenani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo. Ikhula cishe yonke impilo, isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-1000 kg ngeminyaka eyi-15, kanti ubude bayo bungu-4.2 m.Isisindo sokudoba esijwayelekile oLwandle lwase-Azov singama-60-80 kg. Isibindi eside. Amacala eminyaka yale nhlanzi aqoshwa cishe iminyaka eyi-100. Kubhalwe kuRed Data Books zeRussian Federation kanye neKK.
2. I-Tulka abrauskaya, i-mustachioed char, i-Russian bastard - inhlanzi emnandi kakhulu, nayo eyangena eNcwadini Ebomvu ngenxa yokungcola kwemizimba yamanzi nemisebenzi yesibhedlela. Futhi-ke, ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungemthetho.
3. I-White-eye iyinhlanzi yohlobo lwasemanzini engenawo usawoti enomzimba ocindezelwe kamuva. Eduzane ne-bream. Isisindo esikhulu - 1.5 kg, ubude obufinyelela ku-45 cm, ubudala - kuze kube yiminyaka engu-7-8.
4. I-Shemaya Black Sea Azov - izinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-carp ezenziwe ngomshini.
5. I-Carp - inhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti, eduze ne-roach. Uhlala emgodini wezilwandle eziMnyama ne-Azov.
6. I-Chromogobius enemigqa emine - inhlanzi enameva efinyelela ku-7 cm ubude, ayinayo inzuzo yezohwebo.
7. I-croaker elula - inhlanzi yasolwandle, enqatshelwe ukudoba mahhala, inyama ibhekwa njengesibiliboco.
8. I-Trigla ophuzi noma iqhude lasolwandle lifinyelela kubude obungu-75 cm, isisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kg. Inhloko enkulu imise okonxantathu, onke anamagquma nezinsipho, kodwa abushelelezi. Ukudoba kwenziwa ngama-trawls aphansi. Inyama imnandi. Uma uhlela ukuza ukudoba, sikukwazisa ukuthi unake lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezilandelayo: i-trout, i-chub, i-perch, i-rudd, i-roach, i-bubyr.
Ama-Amphibian (konke kusuka e-Red Book):
1. Isiphambano saseCaucasia siyiselesele elisemkhatsini.
2. Isigaxa saseCaucasia, uColchis toad, esinye sezilwane ezinkulu eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia.
3. I-Asia Minor frog noma ixoxo laseCaucasus, ubude bomzimba obufinyelela ku-9 cm, umbala oguquguqukayo, imvamisa ngaphezulu phezulu kunsundu futhi kunamachashaza, isisu sibomvana.
4. ITritons Karelin, i-Asia Minor neLanza - lawa ma-amphibian ayesezophela nya.
5. Izinyoka nezinyoka: Inyoka ephuzi ye-Thracian iyinhlobo engavamile yenyoka, hhayi enobuthi.
6. Inyoka enamabhande aphuzi, inyoka enkulu yaseCaspian evela ezinyokeni, efinyelela ku-2-2.5 m ubude, ububanzi obuncane - kuze kufike kumasentimitha ama-5. Umbala ungumbala omuhle, umpunga womnqumo onamathoni aphuzi. Bathi angaba nolaka aze agijimele kumuntu owonile.
7. Inyoka yomnqumo iyinhlobo eyivelakancane, okungenzeka ingasekho.
8. Inyoka ye-Aesculapian - inyoka evela ezinyokeni, isibonelo sesirhubuluzi esibonakalisweni sezokwelapha.
9. IPoloz Palasov (inyoka yeSarmatian) yinyoka enhle kakhulu engenabuthi, iphuzi ngokunsundu ngemigqa yamabala amade nokuhleleka. Kukhuphuka izihlahla kahle, kuphonsa ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba kusuka egatsheni kuye egatsheni. Hlanganisa iminyango ngamasongo. Usayizi ofika ku-1.5 m.
10. IColchis snake iyisilwane esihuquzelayo esingenabuthi esifinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude nomzimba omnyama omkhulu ojiyile. Izikali zine-ribbed, isisu singaba mnyama futhi sibe mhlophe, i-checkerboard. Ohlangothini lwe-dorsal kunamabala aphuzi ngesimo sezinkanyezi.
11. Izibankwa (ezincanyana zaseGeorgia, eziphakathi, ezimthende, i-Alpine, i-Artvin, i-Shcherbaka, i-lizard enemibala eminingi). Zonke zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene, kusukela emaqeleni nasezintabeni kuya emathafeni anamanzi. Umbala nosayizi ohlukile, into eyodwa efana - lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziseRed Book of Krasnodar Territory.
12. I-Vipers (i-Dinnik, i-Kaznakov, i-Lotieva, i-Orlova, i-steppe) - lezi zinhlobo ezinhlanu zezinyoka ezinobuthi eziyingozi zinganyamalala ezilwaneni zaseKuban. Izici eziphawuleka kakhulu ekubukeni kwenyoka kungumugqa we-zigzag ngemuva nenhloko eyisicaba entanyeni eveziwe.
13. Izimfudu, ixhaphozi kanye neNikolsky (iMedithera) ama-amphibian angamavila azikhulu kakhulu. Avele eRed Book njengezilwane ezinenani elincipha ngokuya landa. Futhi lapha bekungekho ngaphandle kwesici somuntu, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo nokubanjwa.
Izinambuzane
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, sikhethe izintethe ngezizathu ezithile. Sibabiza ngokuthi "ama-cicadas" lapho sizwa ingxoxo enkulu kusihlwa. Bakha isithombe esiyingqayizivele sobusuku baseningizimu.
Izintethe ezivela eNcwadini Ebomvu:
1. Indoda ekhuluphele noma inhloko yebhola enezigaxa eziningi iyisidalwa esesabekayo, esifana nebhungane kunentethe. Umzimba omkhulu omkhulu u-5-8 cm, abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane. Umbala ubhedu-mnyama nezindawo ezingcolile eziphuzi. Imilenze ilula. Kuqhuma emadolweni. Iyasebenza lapho ukushisa kwehla.
2. I-steppe dybka - enye yezintethe ezinkulu ezihlala endaweni yeRussian Federation. Usayizi kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-7 cm, umbala womzimba uluhlaza ngokugqamile, kunethoni elinsundu elincane. Inhloko inebunzi elixege kakhulu.
3. Umgede waseCaucasus uyintethe ensundu engaphuzi ensundu enezimpondo ezinde ezacile. Azikho izitho zokuzwa. Kuhola impilo yasebusuku. Esinye sezakhamizi zasendulo zezilwane ezishisayo zaseCaucasus.
Nalu uhlu olukhulu kangaka olubizwa ngokuthi “Izilwane zaseKrasnodar Territory”, Futhi asizange sikhulume ngakho konke, kodwa kuphela ngezinhlobo ezingavamile noma ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Lolu hlu lweRed List olusabisayo luyesabisa futhi lukwenza uzibuze ukuthi yini engenziwa ukunqanda ukuphela kwezilwane.
Amagama ambalwa ngaphezulu kusihloko esithi “Izilwane zezolimo zaseKrasnodar Territory". Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lesi sifunda sibizwa ngokuthi "iparele laseRussia" enkampanini yezimboni zezolimo zezwe. Isisekelo esicebile sefolishi emagqumeni nasezigodini ezisemaqeleni sinikela ekwenzeni ngcono ukufuywa kwezilwane. Lapha kukhuliswa izinkomo namahhashi, izimvu, izimbuzi, izingulube nezinyoni.
Izilwane zeKuban zingenye yezimfuno ezifunwa kakhulu ezimakethe zokuthengisa. Ngaphambi kokukhetha lesi silwane noma leso silwane, nquma ukuthi ulandela yiphi inhloso, ubale inzuzo, izindleko, ukhethe umphakeli onokwethenjelwa. Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi ngabe izilwane zigonyiwe yini, ukuthi inzalo ilungile yini, ukuthi uhlobo luhambelana yini nalolo olumenyezelwe. Ngokuvamile, ukulima ibhizinisi elinezinkinga. Abantu abanjalo bafanelwe inhlonipho ekhethekile.
Ifingqa ukubuyekezwa komhlaba wezilwane waseKrasnodar Territory, kusala ukuthi: "Awukwazi ukwamukela ubukhulu." Akunakwenzeka ukutshela konke futhi mayelana nawo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, sifisela uKuban impumelelo nokuchuma, inhlalakahle yezwe lethu lonke incike enhlalakahleni yalo.
