Ngenkathi efudumele, ungabona izinambuzane eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi umgibeli wamanzi... Isinambuzane esingajwayelekile esinomzimba omncane, omude singabonakala ebusweni bemizimba yamanzi. Ngenxa yemilenze yabo emide, bahamba kalula futhi ngokushesha. Lezi zinambuzane aziqali ukuhlasela umuntu, kodwa-ke, uma ziphazamisekile, ziyakwazi ukuluma.
Incazelo nezici
Ama-strider wamanzi yi-subspecies yomndeni wakwaHemiptera ophila ngokuyinhloko emanzini. Ngenxa yezinwele ezilukhuni ezihlanganisa wonke umzimba wesinambuzane, azicwilisi emanzini, kepha zinamathela ebusweni baso. Lezi zinwele zinokumbozwa okungangeni amanzi ngakho zihamba ngokushesha emanzini.
Izikebhe zamanzi zinamabhangqa amathathu emilenze, aphakathi nendawo nangemuva enzelwe ukunyakaza, ukwesekwa, kanti ngaphambili yiyona mifushane, isiza ukugcina inyamazane, futhi inikeze umkhombandlela wokunyakaza. Ukuze siginqike, lesi sinambuzane sisebenzisa imilenze emithathu ngazimbili, kuyilapho sibahambisa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Umzimba wezinambuzane mude, futhi ungafinyelela ku-1-20 mm, umbala uvela kokusundu kuya konsundu onsundu. Uma kunezithiyo emgwaqeni, ama-strider amanzi angagxuma, anombono omuhle kakhulu kanye nekhono lokudlulisa nokwamukela ulwazi kusetshenziswa ukudlidlizela kobuso bamanzi.
Okubalulekile! Izimpondo zabesilisa zizwela kakhulu, ngenxa yalokhu bathola insikazi kalula futhi ngokushesha. Izikebhe zamanzi azihlali emzimbeni wamanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemanzini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zinamaphiko, ngenxa yokuthi zindiza. Abantu bomfula noma echibini abanabo.
Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zezihlukanisi zamanzi:
- Okukhulu - ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela ku-17 mm.
- Imile kancane ngenduku - ihlala ikakhulukazi eSiberia, umzimba wayo ufana nenduku, yingakho igama.
- Pond - isici esihlukile umbala okhanyayo wemilenze.
Izikebhe zamanzi ziphefumula umoya osemkhathini, kepha ngokungafani nezimbungulu zasolwandle, azidingi ukubhukuda ziye emanzini ukuze ziphumule. bahlala ebusweni besiziba. Uhlelo lwabo lokuphefumula yi-trachea, lapho umoya ungena khona ngenhlamba. Zitholakala ezinhlangothini ze-mesothorax ne-metathorax, kanye nasengxenyeni ngayinye yesisu.
Izinhlobo kanye nendlela yokuphila
Ama-striders wamanzi izinambuzane ezihlala ebusweni bemizimba yamanzi. Imvamisa kudidaniswa nezicabucabu, zombili zinemizimba emincane nemilenze emide. Kodwa-ke, impilo yabo ihlale ixhumene namanzi, bahlala emachibini, emifuleni nasemachibini.
Okubalulekile! Kukhona ama-strider amanzi olwandle angakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Izinhlobo zechibi nemifula zihlala ikakhulukazi ngasogwini. Bahlala njalo emihlambini emikhulu, futhi ebusweni bamanzi ungabona abantu abangu-4-6 ngasikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izimbungulu ziyalala. Benza lokhu eduze kwezimila noma inhlabathi engasogwini. Zilala emhlabathini, zicashe ngobulembu, ngaphansi kwamatshe noma phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Uma sekufudumele, ziyavuka ziqale ukwanda.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Umgibeli wamanzi wesifazane ubeka amaqanda emaqabunga ezitshalo, awahlanganise ngosizo lwamafinyila akhethekile (ngokubukeka kwayo kufana nentambo ende equkethe amadiphozi amasende amaningi). Uma i-clutch yamasende amaningi enziwe, khona-ke akudingeki into enomunyu.
Futhi ngama-clutch amancane awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo, ngoba amasende awakwazi ukuhlala ezicutshini ezithambile zezitshalo. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa "yisimo sikayise" sabo, ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwabesifazane, babamba iqhaza empilweni yabo, kuze kufike ekuhambisaneni ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamaqanda. Avikela futhi avikele abesifazane nabancane.
Okubalulekile! Zonke izinsuku zasehlobo, abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi bazala izingane. Izibungu zivela emasontweni ambalwa, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga zikhule zibe ngabantu abadala. Ungahlukanisa abasha kubazali nge usayizi womzimba wesikebhe samanzi, nesisu esifushane, esivuvukile samazinyane. Isikhathi sokuphila sabahluzi bamanzi cishe unyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izikebhe ezijwayelekile zamanzi zihlala emadamini, eduze nogu, ukuze ukwazi ukucasha ezinhlathini zezitshalo ezinhlanzi. Abantu basolwandle bahlala ikakhulukazi ePacific nase-Indian Ocean. Ama-striders wamanzi ahlanzekile ahlala ngaphezulu kwemifula, amachibi anomsinga obuthakathaka, kanye nasemadakeni amancane nasemifudlaneni. Imvamisa bakhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele, esishisayo. Kodwa-ke, bangaphila esimweni sezulu esibi nesineqhwa.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncane, izihlungi zamanzi izidlo zangempela. Abakwazi ukondla kuphela izihlobo zabo, kodwa futhi nabantu abakhulu abahlala echibini. Babona inyamazane ikude, ukuma okuyindilinga kwesitho sokubona kuyabasiza kulokhu. Kukhona izingwegwe ezithweni zangaphambili ababamba ngazo isisulu.
Isinambuzane esihamba emanzini ine-proboscis ebukhali, ehlaba ngayo umzimba wesisulu, imunce izakhi kuwo. Empilweni ejwayelekile, i-proboscis ifakwe ngaphansi kwesifuba, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwayo ngokushesha. Izikebhe zamanzi olwandle zondla nge-fish caviar, i-physalia ne-jellyfish. Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo zezinambuzane zamacrider amanzi ancela igazi lezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Izikebhe zamanzi ziyizidalwa ezingavamile, ezinamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo:
- Izimbungulu ze-strider zamanzi ziyehluka ekuguqulweni okungaphelele, isb. ngokubukeka, isibungu sifana nesinambuzane esidala, futhi nangesikhathi sokukhula asishintshi kakhulu.
- Ngemuva kobusika, imicibisholo eminingi yamanzi ayikwazi ukundiza, isizathu salokhu ukwenziwa buthaka kwemisipha namandla amancane adinga ukuba khona nokuzala entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengoba wazi, isikhathi sabo sokuphila asikho ngaphezu konyaka.
- Ukuhlala esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ungabona abantu olwandle oluvulekile, amakhulu amakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini. Muva nje, kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi isikhumba sezinambuzane siyazivikela emanzini olwandle nasemisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
- Impilo yasolwandle ihlukaniswe ugu (iningi lazo) nolwandle. Ezokuqala zihlala eduze nogu, eduze kwamahlathi, bese zibekela amaqanda emhlabathini, emifuleni, kulwelwe noma emadwaleni. Njengoba zihlala olwandle oluvulekile, zizalela amaqanda ezintweni ezintantayo. Kwakukhona amacala indawo yokuhlala yezikebhe zamanzi esiqeshini sokhuni, upulasitiki, amagobolondo, ngisho nasezithelweni nasezimpapheni zezinyoni.
- Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ekujuleni koLwandlekazi iPacific, kwatholwa ibhokisana elingamalitha angama-20, limbozwe ngokuphelele ngamaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70, i.e. Izingqimba eziyi-15. Ngokwezibalo, kungashiwo ukuthi okungenani abesifazane abayizinkulungwane eziyi-7 babeka amaqanda abo lapho (uma sicabanga ukuthi umuntu angabeka izingcezu ezifika kwezingu-10).
- Izinambuzane ziqondiswe kahle emanzini. Emini zihamba ziqonde elangeni, ebusuku - emuva.
- Ama-parasites angahlala emzimbeni wama-strider wamanzi. Amachashazi abomvu, amancane yizibungu zamanzi ezondla ngegazi lazo.
- Izikebhe zamanzi zibhubhisa izimpukane zehhashi, zombili abantu abavuthiwe kanye nezibungu zabo. Ubukhulu bophiko lwehhashi olukhulile bukhulu kunalobo besihlibhi samanzi, ngakho babahlasela izimbungulu eziningana ndawonye.
- Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinsimbi zamanzi (kukhona abafelokazi abangaba ngu-750), ngayinye enombala wayo, isakhiwo nendlela yokuphila.
- Imilenze yesinambuzane inamandla kakhulu, ingakwazi ukusekela isisindo esiphindwe ka-15.
- Kungani izinambuzane ezihlukanisa amanzi zingashelela ngokushesha? Ngokufaka izitho zabo emanzini, imicibisholo yamanzi yakha imingcele emincane, okufinyeleleka kuyo ijubane elikhulu lokuhamba. Bacindezela izindonga zomphele, baqhubekela phambili phambili, ngakho-ke, ngomzuzwana, bahamba ibanga elide ngokuphindwe kayikhulu kunobude bomzimba wabo (cishe ama-650 km / h).
- Abesilisa banezimpondo ezimile kahle ezimise okwegwegwe ekhanda. Lokhu kuyabasiza ukuthola oshade naye ngokushesha.
- Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, ezinye izinhlobo zamadoda afinyelela emanzini angena ezimpini zangempela.
- Ukukhwelana kowesifazane kuyinqubo ebizayo, ngalesi sikhathi akayona ingozi kakhulu futhi akakwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, zigcina isidoda sowesilisa ukuze sivuselelwe kabusha.
- Uma wesabisa isihambisi samanzi, sihlala sigijimela ngasenyakatho.
Ingabe isihambisi samanzi siyingozi kubantu
Lezi zinambuzane aziyona ingozi kubantu. Zonke izisulu zabo zincane ngosayizi futhi zinendawo yokuhlala ehlukile. Kodwa-ke, izimbungulu zamanzi azinabungozi kangako, uma ziphazanyiswa, zingaluma. Izinsimbi zabo ezihlabayo zibukhali kakhulu futhi zingaluma kalula ngesikhumba somuntu. Kodwa ukuluma kwazo akulimazi umzimba.
Indawo encane ebomvu ingahle ivele lapho kulunywa khona, kuhambisane nokunwaya okuncane. Ukukhulula le mizwa, indawo ethintekile kufanele ifakwe i-iodine. Abahlukumezi bamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo bathwala ingozi encane, ngenxa yokuluma kwabo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukusabela okweqile.
Ukulandelwa kwekhodi kuhlala amasonto ambalwa, indawo ethintekile kufanele iphathwe ngemithi ekhethekile, kanye nama-antihistamine. Umonakalo omkhulu ongadalwa yilezi zinambuzane wukudla izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingandile, ukumunca okuqukethwe yimizimba yazo.
Izikebhe zamanzi yizinambuzane zasemanzini ezihlala olwandle, imifula, amachibi, kanye nasemanzini. Okungajwayelekile ukwakheka kwabahlukanisi bamanzi isiza ukumboza amabanga amade nokuzingela inyamazane. Aziyona ingozi kubantu.
Isikhathi sokuphila somgibeli wamanzi cishe unyaka, phakathi nesikhathi lapho zizala khona. Ngenxa yama-receptors asezimpondweni, owesilisa ngokushesha uthola owesifazane bese umfaka umquba. Cishe amaqanda ayi-10 aqanduselwa kowesifazane oyedwa. Ukuze uwahlukanise nezinye izinhlobo zamaphutha amanzi, udinga ukubheka umgibeli wamanzi esithombeni.
