Maina inyoni evela emndenini onenkanyezi. Ubukeka kakhulu njengenkanyezi. Umehluko oyinhloko ngosayizi omkhulu womzimba nombala ohlukile. Imvamisa le nyoni enhle yayivalelwa njengepholi noma i-canary yengoma. Ulingisa kalula imisindo eminingi, futhi aphindaphinde inkulumo yomuntu.
Umhlaba unesimo esididayo ngalezi zinyoni. Amanye amazwe ambheka njengomqaphi wabo ongcono kunabo bonke nomqothuli wesikhonyane. Abanye bakhuluma ngobungozi bokutshala, futhi babakhumbule njengabathwali bokutheleleka. Yimiphi imizila futhi ikhetheke kanjani?
Incazelo nezici
Umuntu ojwayelekile ukhula afike ku-25-28 cm ubude. Isisindo singama-gramu ayi-130, kanti amaphiko afinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Emhlabathini, le nyoni ihamba kakhulu ngokugxuma nangomngcele. Indiza kanzima, kepha ishesha kakhulu. Njengoba usubone umzila endizayo okungenani kanye, sekuvele akunakwenzeka ukuwudidanisa nenye inyoni.
Lokhu kwenziwa hhayi kuphela ngendlela ekhethekile yokushaya amaphiko ayo, kepha futhi nokuguqulwa kwenyoni emoyeni. Lapho ihleli emagatsheni, lo mzila ubukeka ngendlela engeyona eyemibhalo. Kepha umbala wayo wokuqala ubonakala esibhakabhakeni.
Umbala wezimpaphe u-jet omnyama, izimpaphe ezimhlophe zibonakala kuphela ezincwadini zephiko nomsila. Umbala omhlophe nesisu senyoni. Umlomo, imilenze kanye nendilinga ezungeze iso kuphuzi. Izici zobulili azithinti ukubukeka nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Zombili izinyoni eziduna nezinsikazi zinombala ofanayo. Ukubukeka kwale nyoni kuhluke kakhulu kokwehluka kohlobo. Isibonelo, e-Coastal Lane, kunethoni elimpunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umugqa weCollar unomugqa ophuzi ekhanda. Ezinkukhu, ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba insundu, yona iba mnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. UManna esithombeni kubukeka kungajwayelekile.
Le nyoni yaziwa "ngokukhuluma" kwayo. Kukhuluma imanna ayigcini nje ngokugcina umsindo omkhulu, kepha futhi isebenza kalula inkulumo yomuntu. Lezi zinyoni ezinhle zihlala ngokukhululeka ekuthunjweni, zinamathele kumnikazi. Ukuzinikela kumuntu oyedwa kufinyelela ezilinganisweni ezinjengokuthi, noma ngabe ungaphandle kwesibaya, inyoni ilandela umuntu wayo.
Kunezimo lapho izinyoni zanamathela kumuntu, hhayi kuphela lapho zingena ehokweni. Isibonelo, uma uhlala wondla umzila oseduze kwendlu, uzokundiza ngenjabulo uye kulowo muntu, uhlale eduze kwakhe futhi uxhumane. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, omnivorous cishe futhi zijwayela kalula izimo zokuphila ezintsha.
Basukuma babambe amakhaza nokushisa. Izinyoni zithanda amanzi kakhulu. Uma kukhona umfula noma umfudlana eduze, bahlala lapho. Ngenjabulo, umzila uyabhukuda futhi uqhume emanzini. Ngisho ekuthunjweni, iziqukathi ezimbili kufanele zibe khona ehhokweni. Enye yokuphuza, enye yokuphuza amanzi.
Izinhlobo
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezi-12 zezinyoni ezimangalisayo ziyahlukaniswa. Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu futhi ezisabalele yilezi:
— Imana ejwayelekile, yena Imina elingcwele, ihlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
— Imanna ebanjiwe... Kutholakala eChina, eTaiwan naseLaos. Isici esivelele yi-crest ekhanda.
— Imanna ensundu... Le nyoni ibonakala ngosayizi omncane womzimba kunabanye abantu, ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-23 kuphela.Imvamisa, iyabonakala e-Asia. Ihlala eduze kwamasimu elayisi nezindawo zokugcina amanzi.
— Umzila wolwandle... Njengoba igama lisho, lo mzila ungatholakala osebeni lwemizimba yamanzi eChina, Nepal, India, Bangladesh.
— Umzila omkhulu... Kungabonakala kuwo wonke amazwe e-Indochina. Usayizi womzimba walezi zinhlobo ungafinyelela ku-30 cm!
— Ikhola myna... Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zinomugqa ophuzi entanyeni yazo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Maina uhlala emhlabeni wonke. Umuntu wadlala indima ebalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwale nyoni ezindaweni ezingafani nayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Imanna yaseNdiya yasuswa ezweni layo ngekhulu le-18.
Bese-ke, banquma ukusebenzisa izinyoni ukuvikela umoba. Ukudla isikhonyane esibomvu, inyoni enamaqhuqhuva nenomsindo yenza umsebenzi oncomekayo ngomthwalo eyabelwe yona. Waba ngumsindisi wangempela wesivuno.
IManna ikhiqiza ngokushesha futhi ivumelane nezimo zokuphila ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, imihlambi yabo ayitholakali emvelweni kuphela, kodwa nasemapaki amadolobha amakhulu. Namuhla, lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo ziyabonakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Zitholakala e-Asia, Thailand, Africa, Australia, Russia, Kazakhstan. ERussia, kuvame ukuhlangana Umzila wase-Afghan.
Emazweni amaningi, imena yamukelwa njengesinambuzane futhi kufanele ibhujiswe. Isibonelo, e-Australia, izinyoni cishe azinazo izitha zemvelo, ngakho-ke akukho lutho oluvimbela imihlambi emikhulu ekuphindaphindeni ngokudlulela okukhulu. Umhlambi wezinyoni ungabhubhisa kalula izitshalo.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uMongameli wase-Uzbekistan wasayina isimemezelo sokubhujiswa kwemana. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, uhulumeni kwadingeka avume ukwehlulwa. Ukwehla kwesibalo sezinyoni kwakuhamba kancane kunokwanda kwazo.
Futhi eHawaii, abakwaMynes babhekwa njengabaphangi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izinyoni zonakalisa indawo yokuhlala yama-petrels futhi zidle amatshwele azo. Izinyoni eziningi ezidla izinambuzane azikwazi ukuncintisana nesihlobo esinomsindo nesinempilo. Ngenxa yokushoda kokudla, izinhlobo eziningana zezinyoni zehle kakhulu ngamanani.
Umzila unezitha ezimbalwa. Lezi yizinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezidla inyama, njengokuzilibazisa, i-tyvik ne-sparrowhawk. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi izinyoni zizala ngokushesha futhi zande inani lazo minyaka yonke.
Imvamisa, lo mzila ungabonakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, eduze kwamaxhaphozi, imifula, ezintabeni nasemathafeni. Okuthandayo ekukhetheni izindlu, izinyoni zinikeza izindawo lapho kunezindawo zokuhlala eziseduze. Ziyizinyoni ezihlala phansi. Ngempela, ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, izinambuzane zitholakala unyaka wonke. Lokhu kuvumela umhlambi ukuthi ungandizeli emazweni ashisayo.
Ngisho nasezifundeni ezibandayo ezisenyakatho, izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala ebusika endaweni yazo. Ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi eduze kwendawo okuhlala kuyo umuntu, zidla udoti wakhe.
Ngokwemvelo, imizila ivame ukuba nolaka futhi inomsindo. Banqoba ngokuqinile indawo yabo, bavame ukuhlasela abangena ngamandla amakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, lezi zinyoni nazo zivame ukulungisa izinto.
Amaqoqo ami atholakala kalula ngokuxokozela kwawo komsindo nangomsindo wawo. Izinyoni zixhumana nemisindo ehlukahlukene eziqondwa yizihlobo zazo. Amachwane aphume aphuma esidlekeni afundiswa ngokushesha ukuthi “akhulume” nomhlambi wawo. Uma izinyoni zibona okuthile okuba yingozi kuzo, zixwayisa wonke umuntu ngohlobo lwazo.
Bachitha ubusuku emaqabungeni ezihlahla noma emigodini. Imvamisa, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke kubanjwa ndawonye. Kepha eminye imibhangqwana ithatha umhlalaphansi bese ilala yodwa. Imizila iba nobudlelwano ngokwengeziwe lapho kubanda ngaphandle.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Inyoni yakwaManna udla izinambuzane nezibungu. Izinkumbi, izimpukane, zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane. Le nyoni inhle kakhulu ekubhekaneni nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Izinyoni sezikulungele ukufudukela ezintethe nasentethe. Izinyoni zithola izimpethu nezibungu phansi. Ngomlomo oqinile, bajikisa amatshe badle zonke izinambuzane abazitholayo.
Kepha izinyoni zithanda izitshalo zezimbali, okusanhlamvu, izithelo namajikijolo. Yingakho zivame ukubekwa eceleni kwezinambuzane. Ngemuva kwakho konke, umhlambi we-mynes ungabhubhisa kalula isitshalo sezithelo ngokudla i-ovary.
Izinyoni zingazingela izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye namagundane. Futhi, emaphuphu ezinye izinyoni, ecekela phansi izidleke zazo. Imayini nayo ayiyideleli imfucuza yabantu, ingena odakeni ngenjabulo. Okuthinta kabi impilo yabo. Izinyoni zithwala inani elikhulu lezifo ezingathandeki.
Uma kungekho ukudla okwanele, imana ithatha umsindo ngomsindo ovela kwabanye abangane abanezimpaphe, noma ilwe yodwa. Ekuthunjweni, ukudla kwenyoni yengoma kufanele kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi. Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane ngokushesha.
Ngokuyinhloko, unikezwa izibungu zokudla, izinambuzane ezithengiwe, ushizi wekotishi, inyama, izithelo nemifino. Le nyoni idinga amanzi amaningi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Uma umnikazi eqiniseka ngokwethembeka komngane wakhe onezimpaphe, ungamthatha ayomzingela otshanini obude. Noma sebenzisa i-harness.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
UMyanna uyinyoni eyodwa. Njengoba ekhethe umlingani, uhlala naye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, i-mynah inolaka ikakhulukazi. Kuhlala kuliwa njalo phakathi kwabesilisa ukuthola indawo enhle yokwakha izidleke kanye lokudla.
Isidleke sikaLane zihlelwe ezihlahleni, emigodini nakwezinye izindawo zemvelo. Emadolobheni, izinyoni zihlala ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu, ziyajabula ukuthatha izindlu zezinyoni.
Izinto zokwakha esidlekeni utshani namahlumela. Izinyoni zingasebenzisa udoti eduze kwedolobha. Isibonelo - intambo, iphepha, ipulasitiki. Lo mbhangqwana ubandakanyeka ekulungiseleleni isidleke, ekufukameleni nasekuphakeleni inzalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezilinganayo. Inqubo yokuchamisela amaphuphu ikakhulu iqala ngo-Ephreli futhi iphela ekupheleni kwehlobo.
I-clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-5, umbala okhanyayo we-azure. Kufanele kuthathe cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba amaphuphu avele. Zondliwa ngezinambuzane eziphelele cishe inyanga. Abami ngabazali abakhathalelayo, bayaqhubeka nokondla izingane eziye zaphuma esidlekeni okungenani elinye isonto.
Inzalo ethambile idinga cishe izinambuzane ezingama-80 umuntu ngamunye ngosuku. Okusho ukuthi, uma kunezinkukhu ezinhlanu esidlekeni, abazali kuyodingeka bandizele inyamazane izikhathi ezingaba ngu-400 ngosuku! Abazali baqapha ngokucophelela ukuhlanzeka kwesidleke. Okokuqala, basusa udoti ngemuva kwezingane njalo emva kokudla.
Ehlobo, umbhangqwana ungadedela izingane ezintathu ziye esibhakabhakeni. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zizala ngokungafuni. Ukondla amaphuphu, uzodinga inani elikhulu lokudla okuphilayo. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ezindlini ezikhethekile zezinkukhu, kusetshenziswa amatshwele ukuthengiswa okuqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokwemvelo, i-myna ayiphili ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-5-10. Ekuthunjweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20. Umzila omncane ubiza cishe u- $ 400-500. Inyoni eqotho, ethokozisayo nenobungani iyadingeka emakethe.
Zingathengwa kubalimi noma izinyoni. Kwakukhona isibonelo lapho i-mynah yahlala ngaphansi kophahla lwendlu iminyaka eminingana. Lokho kwaba yinzuzo enhle eyengeziwe yomnikazi. Uvele wathatha iphuphu elilodwa noma amabili ku-clutch wabathengisela labo abafisayo.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
Izinyoni eziphila emvelweni azisebenzisi kangako ithalente lazo lokulingisa. Ungezwa amakhwela, ulingisa amazwi ezinye izinyoni futhi umemeza. Lezi zinyoni zine "ulimi" lwazo lokuxhumana zodwa.
Kepha, eduze komuntu, imanna ikhombisa kalula ithalente lakhe lokulingisa. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, le nyoni iphinda amagama amaningana ngisho namabinzana, ikopishe amazwi futhi ishaye amakhwela imiculo eminingi. Unendlebe enhle kakhulu, emvumela ukuthi aphinde izingcezu ezinkulu zomculo.
Lalela izwi lika-myna
Enye yezinyoni ezidume kakhulu yiRaffles yesilisa. Umhambuma odumile uKervath Wales wayeyinkosi yayo. Ufundise inyoni ukushaya ikhwela i-hit ebizwa nge- "Star Banner." Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, le nyoni icule iculo ezibhedlela, phambi kwamasosha athuswe yigobolondo.
Lokhu kwabajabulisa kakhulu futhi kwaphakamisa isimilo sabo! URaffles futhi wamenywa kaningi ukuba adlale kumafilimu. Kwakunguleli qhawe elincane elenza ukuthi izinhlobo zayo zande kakhulu eYurophu naseMelika.
Eminyakeni yama-60s yekhulu elidlule, bekuyimfashini ukugcina isilwane esixoxa efulethini. Futhi izindleko eziphakeme zomzila zagcizelela kalula ingcebo yomnikazi. Bese kuthi, amalungu enhlangano yeZoo abambe izinyoni azilethe eMoscow ukuze zithengiswe. Izinyoni ezaziphuma emakhejini azo zaba yimbangela yokusabalala kwezinyoni kulo lonke i-CIS.