Uma emini i-cottage yasehlobo isishintshe kakhulu: kwavela ezinye izinqwaba zomhlaba kanye namavesi angaqondakali, amahlathi amaningana emifino anyamalala, sekuyisikhathi sokukhala i-alamu. Akungabazeki ukuthi insimu ihlaselwe imvukuzane yegundane - isilwane esinobuqili, esimangazayo esilwela nje ukupakisha isivuno sonke emabhukwini aso.
Incazelo nezici
Igundane elingaboni liyingxenye yesigaba samagundane. Enkambweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, wazivumelanisa ngokuphelele nokuphila kwangaphansi komhlaba, okwathonya ukubukeka kwakhe:
- inomzimba omncane, ongafika ku-32 cm ubude;
- isisindo sesilwane singafinyelela ku-1 kg;
- izindlebe azikho;
- izidladla nomsila kufushane, ngakho-ke cishe akubonakali;
- umzimba umbozwe ngoboya obuthambile obumnyama;
- amehlo athambile alahlekelwa amandla okubona. Ngenxa yemigoqo yesikhumba, zaba ezingabonakali ngokuphelele.
Impumputhe esithombeni ibukeka njengesidalwa esingaqondakali nesinamahloni.
Ngabe igundane lemvukuzane lihluke kanjani kumvukuzane
Abanye abantu baphambanisa ngephutha la magundane nezimvukuzane, kepha lezi yizilwane ezihluke ngokuphelele. Kunokwehluka okubili okuyinhloko phakathi kwabo:
- Igundane eliyimpumputhe likhulu kakhulu.
- Imvukuzane yakha imigudu yayo ngosizo lwezidladla zayo, kuyilapho kwesibili ingakhuli kahle, inezinzipho ezincane, ngakho-ke yenza umsebenzi wokwakha ngenxa yezinsika zayo ezingaphambili.
- Ama-moles adla izinambuzane, kanti amagundane emvukuzane athanda izitshalo zezimpande neziqu zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo
Ngokwemvelo kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagundane, ezihluka ngombala, usayizi nendawo yokuhlala:
- Isilinganiso esivamile esiyimpumputhe noma iSouth Russian inombala onsundu ngokumpunga. Kungenxa yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Uhlala endaweni yaseMoldova, e-Ukraine naseRussia. Isikhumba sayo esithambile sesiqala ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amajazi oboya, kepha hhayi ngemiqulu emikhulu, ngakho-ke igundane elivamile lemvukuzane alikabhaliswa kuRed Book njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Kubonakala futhi ngabantu abazinzile, ngenxa yokuthi inani lalezi zilwane ligcinwa.
- Isilinganiso esikhulu semvukuzane - lo ngummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke, isisindo sakhe sifinyelela ikhilogremu. Inombala wejazi okhanyayo grey noma onsundu. Abantu abadala banamabala amhlophe ekhanda nasemzimbeni. Lezi zinhlobo zibonakala ngokuzala okuncane, ngakho-ke kubhalwe kuRed Book laseRussia nakuHlelo Lomhlaba Wonke Lokongiwa Kwemvelo.
- Ngokuya ngemininingwane yangaphandle, omele isihlabathi ubukeka njengesihlobo esikhulu. Uncamela ukuhlala emahlathini aseduze naseDnieper. Igundane nalo livikelwe.
- Izinhlobo zePodolsk zincane kakhulu. Kusengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke kubhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
- Amazinyo amhlophe yigundane elincane kunawo wonke, ubude bawo abufinyeleli kumasentimitha angama-20. Unombala ogqamile onsundu omnyama. Kuhlala igundane eliyimpumputhe endaweni yaseTurkey, e-Ukraine, eMoldova, eRomania, eBulgaria, eGrisi.
- Ummeleli waseBukovinian uhlukile kancane kwezinye izinhlobo ezime ngekhanda. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala endaweni yamazwe aseYurophu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Umndeni wamagundane, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-4 ezikhetha ukuhlala ogwadule, amahlathi asemahlathini, amathafa nasemaphethelweni amahlathi. Zisakazeke kakhulu eYurophu, e-Asia, nase-Afrika. Izilwane zichitha cishe konke ukuphila kwazo ngaphansi komhlaba. Lapho, bahlomisa ama-labyrinths aphelele, lapho bezizwa bekhululeke kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi amazeze aqothula igundane nawo aguqukile futhi angaboni. Kumagundane emvukuzane, inhlabathi yokulingene okulingene iyafaneleka. Bagwema ubumba nenhlabathi enesihlabathi. Amagundane akhetha amadlelo anezimila ezinhle. Kuvame ukutholakala amagundane emvukuzane engadini.
Izici zokwakhiwa kwezindlu
Izilwane zikhipha izimbobo zazo ngamazinyo azo. Ngisho nenhloko iyabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwe-labyrinth. Isilwane siluma emhlabathini ngamazinyo aso angaphambili, sikhiphe inhlabathi eyeqile ezindlini zaso ngosizo lwekhanda laso, elinesimo esifana nefosholo. Yenzelwe umsebenzi wokwakha kanye nomhlathi ongezansi. Ngenxa yemisipha, ama-incisors angahamba.
Ngenxa yomhubhe, amazinyo angaphambili ayagaywa, kepha akhula masinyane, ngakho-ke ukwakhiwa kulusizo ngisho nakumuntu ohlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Abantu abahlala ekuthunjweni bahlupheka kakhulu ngama-incisors akhule ngokweqile. Amagundane emvukuzane awawuvali umlomo ngenxa yawo.
Yenzelwe umsebenzi wokwakha nekhala lesilwane. Imbozwe ngesikhumba se-keratinized, esisigcina singalimali ngomshini lapho umhlaba uqhekeka phakathi. Kwihektha elilodwa, ungathola kusuka kubantu ababili kuya kwabayishumi. Izilwane ngenkuthalo zakha ama-labyrinths entwasahlobo, futhi kusuka ehlobo bahola indlela yokuphila engenzi lutho. Umhlali ongaphansi komhlaba akaweli ebusika.
Igundane eliyimpumputhe elinegazi elifudumele kwakha izindlu ezigabeni eziningana:
- Kuqala kufika ibhulokhi, etholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-20 kuya kwangu-30. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukudla. Isilwane sigcina izinqolobane zokudla kuso.
- Ibhlokhi yesibili itholakala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ama-4. Iqukethe izidleke zethala, ehlobo nasebusika.
Ebusika, i-labyrinth ivaliwe ngumhlaba futhi ayivuli kuze kufike intwasahlobo. Umhubhe owodwa uhlanganisa indawo efinyelela kumamitha angama-450. Kunamagumbi okugcina cishe ayi-10 kuwo. Uma kuthelwa umhlaba omningi ngaphezulu, isilwane singena ngokuphuma okusha. Ihlala ivaliwe emini. Isilwane sisebenza ebusuku nantambama.
Izakhamizi ezingaphansi komhlaba zihlala impilo enesizungu. Bavikela ngenkuthalo indawo yabo kwabanye abantu. Uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa, kuqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwabesilisa, okungaholela ekufeni komunye wabo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izitshalo eziyimpande ziyindlela yokwelapha yangempela kulabo abahlala ngaphansi komhlaba. Bantshontsha abalimi amazambane, ama-beet kanye noqathe. Amagundane emvukuzane awenqabi ngeziqu. Zidla imidumba ngentokozo enkulu.
Labo abathanda ukutshala imibhede yezimbali bangaphuthelwa izitshalo eziningana ezinama-bulb. Konke lokhu kugcina ezinqolobaneni zezilwane, ezizenzela izindawo ezigcina amakhilogremu ayishumi ebusika.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amagundane emvukuzane aphila iminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-9. Isikhathi sokuphila sincike ezimweni zabo zokuphila. Ukuxegiswa komhlaba, isomiso kanye nomswakama owedlulele kuthinta kabi inani lezilwane. Amagundane emvukuzane anezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, ngoba abengaphansi komhlaba cishe impilo yakhe yonke. Zizingelwa kuphela yi-steppe polecat, engena ekhaya labo. Lapho izilwane ezincane zihlala phezulu, zingaba yizisulu zezimpungushe noma izinyoni ezidla inyama.
Yize kunendlela yabo yokuphila enesizungu, amagundane akha imindeni ngenkathi yokuzala, equkethe owesilisa nowesifazane ababili. Abantu abahlala endaweni bayahlangana. Indoda idlula ngaphansi komhlaba kummeleli wesifazane, okuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, enze imisindo ethile, ayimeme kuye.
Emndenini onjalo, amawundlu avela ngamunye ngamunye. Enye insikazi izala ngonyaka wokuqala, kanti enye izala unyaka wesibili. Izingane ezingama-2-3 zizalwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi. Usana olusanda kuzalwa luzalwa lungenaboya futhi isisindo salo sifinyelela kumagremu ama-5 kuphela, kepha ingane ikhula ngokushesha.
Lapho amaphuphu enonyaka owodwa ubudala, amawundlu ahlaliswa emabangeni amathathu - amantombazane athuthela kweliphezulu, kanti abafana bahlala kwesingezansi. Lapho beneminyaka emithathu ubudala, babhekwa njengabantu abadala futhi baqala impilo yokuzimela.
Ukulimala kwesilinganiso semvukuzane kubantu
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamagundane nabantu abukhathazekile. Izilwane zidala umonakalo omkhulu ekotishi lasehlobo futhi ziletha ukulahleka okukhulu kubalimi. Isilwane esisodwa singabhubhisa sonke isivuno sonyaka. Wenza amasheya amakhulu ezindlini zakhe, entshontsha imifino kubahlali basehlobo nabalimi. Emini, lesi sinambuzane sikwazi ukudonsa izihlahla eziyisithupha zezimpande.
Ama-labyrinths angaphansi komhlaba nawo abanga inkinga enkulu. Indlwana yasehlobo enezinqwaba zomhlaba ezinqwabelene akuyona into ekhangayo kakhulu. Lapho unyathele iphaseji elingaphansi komhlaba, ungangena kalula kulo eqakaleni. Ukuphazamiseka kwemigudu nakho kuzwakala emigwaqweni yasensimini, okuyi isilwane semvukuzane yesilwane futhi ayidluli.
Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane
Ekulweni namagundane emvukuzane, ubuthi busetshenziswa ngokuzimisela, obenzelwe ukubamba amagundane nezimvukuzane, izingibe, izingibe namakati. Ukusetshenziswa kobuthi kuhlala kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu ekulweni namagundane.
Amakhemikhali kufanele asetshenziswe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bangaheha izilwane ezifuywayo zokufuna ukwazi noma ezilambile. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ubheke izinga lobuthi bento esetshenzisiwe, ngoba ingangena enhlabathini futhi ilimaze umnikazi uqobo.
Ama-pesticides athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi:
- "Brodifan" - umkhiqizo utholakala ngohlobo lwamanzi. Bakhulela isiheho, nge-1 kg uzodinga ama-20 g we-Brodifan. Ngosuku lwe-4 ngemuva kokudla ubuthi, amagundane emvukuzane azoqala ukuzwa ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya. Bangakwazi ukufika phezulu bese befa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ama- "Testoks" akhiqizwa ngendlela yama-briquettes abomvu, anesisindo esingu-10 g. Anephunga elimnandi lamantongomane, ubhekilanga, i-vanilla noshizi. Isenzo sayo siyefana noBrodifan. Ngosuku lwe-4, izilwane zizwa ukuhlaselwa kokuminyaniswa, kuthi ngosuku lwesithupha zife ngenxa yokukhubazeka kohlelo lokuphefumula.
- Isidakamizwa "iSiphepho" sithathwa njengesinye esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Yakhiwa yinkampani yaseJalimane iBASF. Into ekhiqizwa ngesimo ama-briquettes aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. "Isiphepho" sinephunga elinamandla elizoheha lesi silokazane.
Ingabe kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izingibe
Amagundane emvukuzane anokuhlakanipha okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ngokucophelela agwema izingibe nazo zonke izinhlobo zezicupho. Abantu asebekhulile bayizwa kahle le ngozi. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubayengela ogibeni.
Isimo siba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi izilwane zihlala ekujuleni komhlaba, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukufinyelela khona ngogibe. Kunoma ikuphi, udinga ukuzama ukukhohlisa. Kungazelelwe, lo ohlala ngaphansi komhlaba uzolahlekelwa ukuqapha bese ewela ogibeni.
Ukusetha isicupho, udinga ukuthola umhubhe ombiwe yigundane bese umba umgodi kuwo, okungenani imitha eli-1 ukujula. Igundane le-mole mole akayithandi imidwebo, ngakho-ke uzokhasa aphume emgodini ukuze avale inkambo, kulapho isicupho esifakiwe singena kalula, okuthi, ukuze kufihlwe, kufanele simbozwe ngepulangwe ngaphezulu.
Igundane lizwa iphunga lomuntu kahle, ngakho-ke, udinga ukusetha isicupho ngamagilavu. Yonke imininingwane yesakhiwo kufanele iphathwe ngo-anyanisi, okuzothi, ngephunga lawo elibukhali, kunqobe iphunga lomuntu.
Izindlela ezinciphisayo zomzabalazo
Abathandi bezilwane abaxolayo ngokucekela phansi amagundane emvukuzane bangasebenzisa izivikeli. Yize bengeke basibhubhise isitha, bangabaphoqa ukuthi bashiye isiza. Izinambuzane zinomuzwa omuhle wephunga, ngakho-ke ingcezu yendwangu efakwe kuphalafini noma kudizili ingaphonswa emgodini wayo. Abahlali abangaphansi komhlaba bazokubona njengosongo bese beshiya insimu.
Amagundane emvukuzane awakwazi ukumela iphunga lomhlonyane, i-elderberry, i-mint, i-blackroot yokwelapha kanye ne-imperial hazel grouse, iphunga elingathandeki elivela ku-bulb uqobo. Uma utshala izitshalo ezinjalo kusayithi, ungaba nethemba lokuthi igundane lizolidlula. Amagundane emvukuzane awawuthandi umsindo owedlulele, ngakho-ke ungenza ukuhlekisa ngezandla zakho ezizosiza ukuwaxosha:
- Ingcezu yokuqinisa ibethelwa emhlabathini ukuze ama-40 cm ahlale ngaphezulu.
- Bafaka ikani lensimbi elingenalutho kuso, bese belinda isimo sezulu esinomoya.
- Ukusuka ekushayweni yibhange, kuzoqala ukushaya ukuqiniswa, futhi umsindo ongathandeki uzosabalala ngaphansi komhlaba.
Ukulawulwa ngempumelelo kwezinambuzane kungamadivayisi akhethekile akhipha i-ultrasound. Lapho uthenga idivayisi enjalo, udinga ukunaka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ububanzi besenzo. Ngeke kusebenze ukulondoloza isayithi ngedivayisi eyodwa. Udinga ukuthenga ngokushesha ama-emitters amaningi e-ultrasonic.
- Ubukhona bezilungiselelo. Kufanele kube khona kungenzeka ukushintsha amaza. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amagundane azowajwayela futhi azoyeka ukweqa isayithi.
Ubuhle bemishini enjalo ukuthi buxosha ezinye izinambuzane. Isayithi lizohlala ngaphansi kokuphepha okuthembekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi
Ukusebenzisa amanzi ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kuyinkqubo enzima:
- Udinga ukuthola ukuthi ikuphi imbobo yegundane lemvukuzane, bese uyimba ezindaweni eziningana.
- Letha ipayipi eligcwele amanzi ku-labyrinth bese ugcwalisa wonke amavesi ngawo.
- Isilwane ekugcineni sizothatha isinqumo sokuwushiya umgodi, futhi lapha ungawugwaza.
Abazingeli basekhaya
Izinhlobo zokuzingela izinja, ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlasela ngaphansi komhlaba, ziyakwazi ukusiza ekuqothulweni kwamagundane emvukuzane. Ama-dachshunds nama-spaniels asebenza kahle kulokhu. Uma ikati libamba amagundane, lingafundiswa nokuzingela amagundane emvukuzane. Ikakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngekati elingumama elilungele ukwenza noma yini ukuvikela izingane zalo.
Ukuheha lesi silokazane, udinga ukumba i-labyrinth yaso, okungenani imitha ukujula, bese umba omunye umgodi ongamasentimitha angama-40 eduze kwendlela yokuphuma.Lapho igundane libonakala lingcwaba ukuphuma okuhlulekile, kufakwa ikati emgodini olungiselelwe, ozobonisa amakhono alo okuzingela. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana namagundane emvukuzane. Abanye babo banobuntu, kanti abanye banonya.
Ngosizo lwabo, ungabhubhisa izinambuzane, noma ubenze bashiye isayithi. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi zinemilenze engakhuli kahle, izilwane ngeke ziye kude, kepha zimane zithuthele omakhelwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagundane abangela ingozi enkulu kuziza zensimu, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, abhalwe kuRed Book. Ngoba, kanjani ukuqeda igundane lemvukuzaneUkuthi ambulale noma cha kuyindaba yomuntu ngamunye kubo bonke abahlali basehlobo.
