Incazelo nezici
Izimvu - enye yezinhlobo zezilwane zezolimo ezivame kakhulu. Ukufuya izimvu kwenziwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, kepha imfuyo enkulu kunazo zonke itholakala e-Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain nase Middle East. Umkhiqizo omkhulu wale mboni yemfuyo ngoboya, kepha izimvu nazo zifuyelwa inyama, ubisi nesikhumba.
Inqubo yokufuya izimvu yaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyisi-8 eyedlule ngesihlobo sayo esiseduzane, imouflon, ehlala ezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi kanye naseNingizimu yeYurophu. Izimvu nezimbuzi zafuywa ngaphambi kwezinkomo, njengoba zingenakuzithoba ekugcinweni nasezingeni ledlelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu wafuya inja, eyayikhulisa ukuzalaniswa kwezimvu futhi yasiza umhlambi wezilwane.
Emlandweni wonke wokufuya izimvu, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ziye zafuywa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, futhi zonke zinezici zazo, kepha ngokujwayelekile, izimvu ziyizilwane eziphakathi nendawo ezinenselo enezinwele ezisontekile, ezisontekile. Ukuphakama kokubuna kufinyelela kumitha, isisindo singahluka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesilinganiso, abesifazane banesisindo esingu-50-100 kg, abesilisa bakhulu kancane - 70-150 kg.
Izimvu esithombeni ku-Intanethi kuvame ukuba mhlophe, kepha kunezinhlobo zezimvu ezinoboya obunsundu noma obumnyama. Izimpondo zikhona kubo bobubili ubulili, kepha ezimvini zivezwa kabi. Izimpondo zezinqama zisontekile zijikeleza futhi zingafinyelela kubude bemitha elilodwa.
Izinhlobo
Ngokuya ngomkhiqizo we-dilution target, kukholelwa ukuthi okulandelayo kukhona izinhlobo zezimvu: uboya, inyama nobisi. Izinhlobo zezimvu ezithakazelisa kakhulu:
1. Izimvu zikaMerino - izimvu zoboya obuhle, ezifuywa ngokwesiko e-Australia. Isilwane esisodwa sikhiqiza kuze kufike ku-10 kg woboya obucolekile obuthambile ngonyaka, futhi okwamanje lobu boya bungekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Izimvu azizithobi ekugcineni nasekuphakeleni, kepha azikwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esimanzi, yingakho izingwadule ezinkulu ezomile zase-Australia zibalungele kakhulu kunezikebhe zaseRussia. Futhi, uboya obukhulu obugqamile bumboza izimvu cishe ngokuphelele futhi kaningi buba yindawo yokuzalanisa izibungu zezimpukane, amafuza kanye nezinye izimuncagazi.
Izimvu zeMerino
2. Romanov izimvu - uhlobo olungathobekile nolusakazeke kakhulu eRussia. Inkomba enkulu yokuzalanisa yinyama, ngokwesilinganiso isisindo sisuka ku-70 kuye ku-100 kg. Inyama yezimvu - ethize, kumuntu oyimfundamakhwela, umuntu ongazijwayezi angabona iphunga elingathandeki, kepha ochwepheshe baphikisa ngokuthi iwundlu eliphekwe kahle elisezingeni eliphezulu lihle kakhulu kunenkomo noma inyama yengulube. Uboya buqatha, busikwe cishe ngo-3 kg.
Romanov izimvu
3. Izimvu zaseMpumalanga Frisian - Izinhlobo zobisi zezimvu. Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ukukhiqiza ubisi kungafinyelela ku-500-600 amalitha obisi, cishe amalitha ama-5 ngosuku. Ubisi lwezimvu anamafutha futhi acebile ngamaprotheni, kepha lolu hlobo ludinga ukwelashwa okufanele; izilwane zikhetha kakhulu ngekhwalithi yamadlelo nezimo zokuphila.
Izimvu zaseMpumalanga Frisian
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Ezimvu ezifuywayo, into ebaluleke kakhulu yesimo sezulu akuyona ukushisa, kepha umswakama. Noma yiluphi uhlobo kunzima ukubekezelela umoya omanzi, kepha esimweni sezulu esomile abanandaba namakhaza nokushisa okunamandla. Ijazi elijiyile libamba imisebe yelanga futhi livumela izimvu ukuthi zingashisi kakhulu, kanti ebusika ziyigcina zifudumele emakhazeni.
Kukhona "inkolelo-mbono" ejwayelekile leyo izimvu ezifuywayo - izilwane eziyiziphukuphuku. Ngempela, umuntu akufanele azame ukuthethelela zonke izilwane futhi azame ukuthola kuzo iziqalo zokuziphatha okunengqondo. Ubungako bobuchopho bezimvu abubavumeli ukuthi bakhombise izinga eliphezulu lokukhalipha, noma kuqhathaniswa nokhokho babo (izimvu zasendle wayenobuchopho obuthuthuke kakhulu).
Abathintani kahle nabantu nezinye izilwane, banaka umhlambi wabo kuphela, abanandaba kangako nakho konke okwenzekayo, futhi ukuphela kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezingaze zivikele ngisho amawundlu azo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izimvu ziyizilwane ezinamahloni kakhulu futhi eziyigwala. Izimvu ziyakhala zibizwa ngokuthi ukukhala - ngosizo lwazo isilwane sixhumana nezihlobo zaso, kepha futhi singakhombisa ukukhathazeka nokunganeliseki.
Izimvu yizilwane ezinomzwelo wemvelo osufinyelele phezulu. Baqondiswa ngokoqobo kukho konke ngokuziphatha komhlambi wabo, futhi lapho kuningi, izimvu zizizwa zikhululeke kakhudlwana kuwo. Imvamisa akudingeki nokuthi badlise - vele ubophe inqama, ushiye inja nezimvu, futhi azihlakazeki ndawo.
Kunezaga eziningi ezigcizelela umhlambi nobulima bezimvu, isibonelo, “kubukeka njengenqama esangweni elisha” (ayikwazi ukubhekana nesimo esisha, esingajwayelekile) noma “njengomhlambi wezinqama” (ndawonye, ndawonye). Ngasikhathi sinye, izimvu ziwuphawu lobumnene nokuthobeka, olutholile incazelo yalo engokomfanekiso enkolweni yobuKrestu, lapho uNkulunkulu emelwe njengomfundisi (umalusi), kanti abantu bangumhlambi wakhe othobekile.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izimvu, ngokungafani nezimbuzi noma izinkomo, azidli ngokudla kwazo kanye namadlelo azo. Ama-incisors abo atholakala ekhoneni eliya emhlathini, njengokungathi aqhubekela phambili; ukwakheka okunjalo kwamazinyo kuvumela izimvu ukuthi zidle izitshalo cishe empandeni, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamadlelo futhi kwenze ukuthi kube lula ukuhlala kuwo isikhathi eside.
Izimvu zithola inqwaba yezakhamzimba phakathi nenkathi efudumele ngesikhathi sokudla. Gwema amaxhaphozi noma izindawo ezomile kakhulu ukuba zingadliwa. Ukuqedwa kwehlathi noma idlelo elincane kuphelele, lapho izimvu zingadli khona hhayi kuphela utshani, kepha futhi namahlumela amancane, amagatsha namaqabunga.
Akufanelekile ukuvimbela izimvu ukuthi zidle ukhula (i-wheatgrass, i-burdock), azilutho neze kunani lokudla okunomsoco otshanini obudliwe. Kepha ezindaweni lapho i-henbane ikhula khona, i-celandine, i-dope namanye amakhambi anobuthi wezimvu akufanele asuswe.
Noma ngabe konke kuvamile ezilwaneni, izinto ezinobuthi zingashintsha ukunambitheka kobisi, zikwenze ube munyu futhi ungathandeki. Ukudla kwamadlelo kufanele kwenziwe kude nezingadi kanye namakilabhu, njengoba ezinye izitshalo zokuhlobisa, ezifana nomnduze wesigodi, zinobuthi futhi akufanele zifakwe ekudleni kwezilwane.
I-Otaru akufanele iyiswe emadlelweni ngemuva kwemvula, ngoba utshani obumanzi abulungiswa kahle emfuyweni wezimvu, futhi bungadala uzwelo. Phakathi nalesi sifo, isilwane sinenkinga yokuqongelelwa kwegesi esiswini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuqunjelwa.
Isizathu ukuthi utshani obuniselwa ngamazolo noma ijiji buqala ukubila emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Uma kungalashwa, ukuzwela kungasibulala isilwane. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho utshani busebusha futhi bunamanzi, kunconywa ukondla izimvu ngotshani noma ngotshani ukulinganisa umswakama ekudleni.
Kwesinye isikhathi umhlambi udliswa kuze kube maphakathi nobusika, kepha inani lokudla emadlelweni liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi izimvu zidluliselwa ekudleni okwengeziwe. Okokuqala, lokhu kuvuna utshani, ikakhulukazi i-clover hay, equkethe amaprotheni amaningi nama-microelements, kepha kunalokho okuphakelayo okunconywayo kwezimvu zenyama.
Ungaphakela izimvu ifolishi le-silage, i-beet ne-carrot eziqongweni, izitshalo zokudla okufana nommbila, amathanga ne-zucchini (kuyabiza ukutshala imifino yokudla kwezilwane, kepha izimvu ziyazithanda kakhulu). Unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa, izilwane zidinga ukondliwa ngamaminerali.
Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kweshoki yokudla nesidlo sethambo. Kwesinye isikhathi izimvu ziqala ukukhombisa ukunaka ngendlela engajwayelekile kumnikazi wazo, zikhotha izandla zakhe. Lokhu kuziphatha kuphakamisa ukuthi izilwane azinawo usawoti futhi zidinga ukungenisa ekudleni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila semvu iminyaka eyi-12. Imvu endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni, uLucky, okusho ukuthi inhlanhla, ifele e-Australia ineminyaka engama-23, yazala amawundlu angama-35 esikhathini sokuphila kwayo. Ukuqina ngokwezomnotho kwemvu ejwayelekile kuphela cishe eminyakeni eyi-8-9 ubudala, lapho amazinyo esilwane egaywa, futhi ingasakwazi ukudla ngokwanele, isisindo futhi inikeze ubisi oluningi. Ukuthola inyama nesikhumba semvu, izimvu zingahlatshwa zineminyaka engama-2-3 noma ngaphambili.
Ukuzalanisa izimvu Wabasaqalayo, kungcono ukuqala ngohlobo lweRomanov: zivundile impela (insikazi ikhuphula amawundlu amane ngasikhathi sinye) futhi ayizithobeki kokudla okunomsoco, futhi uboya obumahhadla bukwenza kube lula ukubekezelela isithwathwa esibi.
Izimvu namawundlu ayo
Ngonyaka owodwa, abesilisa sebevele benesisindo esingaba ngu-80 kg, okwenza izimvu zaseRomanov zibe uhlobo lokukhiqiza lwenyama olukhiqizayo. Okuwukuphela kwento ebuyayo yivolumu ephansi kakhulu yoboya nezinga lekhwalithi yabo (engekho ngaphezulu kwe-4 kg ngonyaka kusuka kwimvu eyodwa). Ukuqhathanisa, uboya obucolekile be-merino buletha kufika ku-8 kg woboya obaluleke kakhulu futhi obuphezulu ngonyaka.
Ukuthomba ezimvwini nasemawundwini kuqala kakade izinyanga ezingama-5-6, kepha kule minyaka akufanele bavunyelwe komunye nomunye, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zokukhulelwa nokubeletha kowesifazane osemncane, ngakho-ke, baqala ukufuya izimvu ngonyaka nohhafu ...
Isikhathi sokuzalela ezimvini siqala phakathi nehlobo kuya phakathi nobusika. Izilwane ziqala ukuzingela, okuthatha izinsuku eziyi-15-16. Ngalesi sikhathi, imvu ivame ukudla kabi, iphuze ngokuzithandela, iziphathe kahle futhi ikhombise ukulungela ukukhwelwa (ayibalekeli izinqama).
Uma phakathi nalezi zinsuku ezimbalwa ukukhulelwa kungazange kwenzeke, kukhona ikhefu lamaviki angu-2-3, ngemuva kwalokho ukuzingelwa ngokocansi kuyaphindwa. Ukululela izimvu engalawulwa ngumuntu, inqama nezimvu eziningana zanele nje ukuzigcina ndawonye inyanga.
Ukukhulelwa kwemvu kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzala iwundlu elilindelekile, umlimi udinga ukulungisa indawo ehlukile yesibeletho esibayeni sezimvu, asimboze ngombhede ohlanzekile wotshani, futhi asike uboya obuzungeze umbele. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, imvu iqala ukuziphatha ngokuthula, ivuke ilale phansi.
Imvamisa, insikazi iyazala, futhi kuyaqabukela ukuthi idinge ukungenelelwa komuntu, kepha umlimi kufanele abheke inqubo ukuze kuthi uma kuba nezinkinga, akwazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wezilwane ngesikhathi.
Yonke inqubo yokubeletha ihlala cishe emahoreni ama-3, umuntu udinga ukulawula kuphela ukuthi akukho mafinyila noma amafilimu endaweni yokuphefumula yamawundlu, ngaphandle kwalokho amawundlu angaxinana. Uma imvu inamawundlu angaphezu kwamabili, lawo abuthakathaka cishe azodinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe.
Ubisi lwezimbuzi lumunca kahle amawundlu, kepha izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo nazo ziyafaneleka. Kusukela enyangeni ubudala, amawundlu anganikezwa izinhlanganisela zokondla nezamaminerali, futhi kusukela ezinyangeni ezine zingadla ngendlela efanayo nezimvu ezindala, ngakho-ke ziyasuswa esibelethweni zibekwe nezihlobo zazo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isibeletho kufanele sigonywe, futhi ukukhwelwa okulandelayo kungenziwa okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuthi amawundlu ahlukaniswe nezimvu.
Okuqukethwe kwasekhaya
Indlu yokugcina izimvu ibizwa ngokuthi isibaya sezimvu. Izinga lokushisa libaluleke kakhulu ezilwaneni, okuthi ebusika akufanele zehle ngaphansi kwama-degree ama-5. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngama-10-15 degrees. Uma ubusika obusendaweni lapho ipulazi likhona bunzima, ukugcina ukushisa okunjalo, isibaya sezimvu kuzodingeka ukuthi sigaxwe ngokwengeziwe.
Izimvu zaseSiberia zingadla ngokuphepha emakhazeni aze afike kuma-degree angama-40, kepha-ke zidinga ukugcinwa ekaton (indawo evulekile engxenye). Iqiniso ngukuthi uma uqhuba umhlambi esibayeni sezimvu eshubile ebusuku, ekuseni kudla iqhwa, uboya obumanzi buzomiswa, futhi imvu ingabanjwa umkhuhlane.
E-katon, izimvu zilele zishisa umhlaba ngemfudumalo yazo, futhi izinga lokushisa elikulo alikhuphi ngaphezu kwama-5 degrees ngaphansi kuka-zero. Izimvu zinethezekile esigodini esinjalo, futhi lapho ziphuma zisiya emadlelweni, azizwa ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwesibaya sezimvu nomgwaqo.
Ukuzalela izimvu ekhaya
Ilungu ngalinye lomhlambi linezinkambiso zalo ngendawo ehlala abantu esibayeni sezimvu. Kwowesifazane onamawundlu, le ndawo ejwayelekile ingamamitha ayi-3.5, ukuze ingavimbi inzalo ehlala abantu isilwane. Izimvu umhlambi kufanele ube nendawo engaba amamitha amabili.
Okuphakelayo kungagcinwa egumbini elihlukile esibayeni sezimvu. Okuphakelayo kufakwe kulo lonke uthango lwangaphakathi ukuze izimvu zikwazi ukudla noma kunini, kepha le nketho ilungele kuphela i-hay engeke ilale ngokwanele ngaphandle kwe-feeder. Ngezitshalo ze-silage nezimpande, imikhombe ejwayelekile inganikezwa izimvu.
