IScorpio ngesinye sezakhamizi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni
Ofezela badabuka kuma-eurypterids, i-arthropod engasekho eyayikhona enkathini yePaleozoic, yayifana nofezela besimanje, kepha yayihlala emanzini. Leli qiniso libhekwa njengesibonelo esihle sokuguquka kokuvela kwezilwane zisuka emanzini ziye ezweni.
Ezinye izazi ziyaphikisana nalesi simangalo, zisho ukuhlaziywa kwe-cladistic (enye yezindlela zesayensi zokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo). Izazi ze-paleontologists ziyavuma ukuthi ofezela bebelokhu beneminyaka okungenani eyizigidi ezingama-400. Lokhu kubenza babe ngesinye sezidalwa zasendulo kakhulu ezihlala emhlabeni wethu.
Incazelo nezici
Scorpio - isidalwa esidlayo se-arachnid. Unemilenze eyi-8. Izingxenye ezimbili zemilenze ziphela ngozipho. Isigaba somsila esihlukanisiwe esinesipikha esigobile ekugcineni siyinikeza ukubonakala okubonakalayo. Zonke izinhlobo eziyi-1,750 ezaziwayo ziyafana ngokubukeka kodwa ziyehluka ngosayizi. Ubude buhluka kusuka ku-1.3 cm kuye ku-23 cm.
Umzimba uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko (i-togmat): ikhanda nesisu. Ingxenye ye-ventral, nayo, iqukethe ingxenye ebanzi yangaphakathi nengaphakathi le-caudal. Ingemuva iqukethe izinto ezinhlanu. Ingxenye inamathiselwe kokugcina, okuphela ngenaliti. Ekupheleni kwenaliti, kunezindawo ezimbili zobuthi. Scorpion esithombeni ihlale ikhombisa umsila ogobile ngenaliti.
Ubuthi benziwa yizindlala. Zizungezwe yimisipha, lapho ukusikeka kwawo uketshezi olukhiqizwa yizinhlayiya lunqamula emiseleni luye ekugcineni kwenaliti, lusuke lapho lungene emzimbeni wesisulu. Ingxenye yekhanda ukuhlangana kwekhanda nesifuba, okubizwa nge-cephalothorax noma i-Cephalothorax. I-cephalothorax imbozwe ulwelwesi lwe-chitinous.
Amehlo nomlomo kusekhanda. Emlonyeni kune-chelicerae - izinqubo zokudla, zisebenza njengemihlathi. Zilandelwa ama-pedipalps - uzipho. Lokhu kulandelwa ngamabhangqa amathathu emilenze aqinisekisa ukuhamba kwe-arachnid.
Engxenyeni engenhla ye-cephalothorax kukhona amehlo. Scorpio — isilwane, ongaba ngazimbili zamehlo ngawodwa kuya kwayisithupha. Amehlo amabili amakhulu ahlala endaweni enenzuzo enkulu. Zibizwa ngokuthi yi-median futhi zitholakala esiqongweni se-cephalothorax. Abanye badlala indima yamehlo angeziwe, atholakala ngakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla ngaphambili komzimba.
Amehlo aphakathi nendawo ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Azikwazi ukunikeza isithombe esiphikisayo, kepha yizitho ezibucayi kakhulu zombono phakathi kwama-arachnids. Bayakwazi ukuzwa imifudlana elula yokukhanya. Lokho kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise imingcele yezwe elizungezile ebumnyameni.
Izinhlobo
Ukunquma umbuzo wokuthi ngabe ufezela ungowasiphi isigaba sezilwane, bheka nje ukwahlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Scorpions bakha isikwati. Kungokwesigaba sama-arachnids, nawo, angaphansi kohlobo lwama-arthropods.
Imindeni eyinhloko eyakha iqembu lofezela:
1. I-Akravidae - umndeni lapho kukhona uhlobo olulodwa nohlobo olulodwa (Akrav israchanani). Kutholwe komunye wemihume kwa-Israyeli. Isici esihlukile ukwehliswa okuphelele kwezitho zombono.
Umgede ufezela Akravidae
2. I-Bothriuridae ingumndeni wezinhlobo ezincane ezingu-140 zoofezela. Zimbili kuphela izinhlobo ezitholakala e-Australia naseNingizimu Afrika. Bonke abanye bahlala eNingizimu Melika.
IScorpion Bothriuridae
3. I-Buthidae - ama-butids. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-900. Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Osayizi bala ma-arthropod basilinganiso. Iningi linamasentimitha ama-2. Elikhulu lifinyelela ku-12 cm.
Scorpion Buthidae
4. I-Caraboctonidae - izizukulwane ezi-4 nezinhlobo ezingama-30 zalama fezela zitholakala eMelika. Olunye uhlobo lungakhula lube ngamasentimitha ayi-14 ubude, luphile isikhathi eside ngokwanele, futhi luvame ukugcinwa ezindaweni zasekhaya. Lolu hlobo lubizwa ngeHadrurus arizonensis noma i-Arizona scorpion enoboya.
Scorpion Caraboctonidae
5. I-Chactidae - ofezela abangama-Hectid. Izinhlobo ezingama-170 ezivela kwisizukulwane se-11 zifakiwe kulo mndeni. Izwe lakubo yiCentral America.
Scorpion Chactidae
6. I-Chaerilidae - lo mndeni uhlanganisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-Chaerilus, oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-35, bahlala eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Asia.
Scorpion Chaerilidae
7. I-Euscorpiidae umndeni wezinhlobo ezingama-90. Kusatshalaliswe kuwo womabili amazwe aseMelika, e-Asia. Kukhona uhlobo olutholakala eningizimu yeNgilandi. Lo mndeni ufaka ne-Crimeaan scorpion (igama lesistimu: Euscorpius tauricus). Ofezela eRussia abamele lolu hlobo lwendalo.
IScorpion Euscorpiidae
8. IHemiscorpiidae noma iHemiskorpeids - izinhlobo ezingama-90 zifakiwe kulo mndeni. Abanye baboshiwe. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa iHemiscorpius lepturus - ufezela onobungozi kubantu.
IScorpion Hemiscorpiidae
9. Ischnuridae umndeni omncane. Kufaka izinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela. Kusatshalaliswe e-Asia Ephakathi, eVietnam naseLaos.
IScorpion Ischnuridae
10. Iuridae - 2 genera, izinhlobo ezi-8 zifakiwe kulo mndeni. Kuvamile eGrisi, eSyria, eTurkey nasenyakatho ye-Iraq.
Scorpion Iuridae
11. IMicrocharmidae wumndeni omncane wemikhakha emibili nezinhlobo eziyi-15. Ama-Arachnids mancane, kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 cm.Ahlala e-Afrika naseMadagascar.
IScorpion Microcharmidae
12. IPseudochactidae umndeni wezinhlobo ezi-4. Uhlala emihumeni e-Asia Ephakathi naseVietnam.
Scorpion Pseudochactidae
13. IScorpionidae - izinhlobo ezingama-262, okuyizinhlobo ezi-2 ezingasekho, zifakiwe kulo mndeni futhi zihlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Europe nase-Antarctica. Ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukugcinwa ekhaya. I-scorpion yasebukhosini (igama lesistimu: Pandinus imperator) ithandwa kakhulu. Ingakhula ize ifike ku-20 cm ubude futhi ifinyelele isisindo esingu-30 g.
Scorpion Scorpionidae
14. I-Superstitioniidae - umndeni uqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lohlobo. Lawa angofezela abancane (2-2.5 cm ubude), ofezela abaphuzi nabansundu ngokutholakala esifundazweni sase-Arizona.
IScorpion Superstitioniidae
15. I-Vaejovidae - umndeni uhlanganisa imikhakha engu-17 nezinhlobo eziyi-170. Zonke izinhlobo zitholakala eMexico nasezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-United States.
UScorpion Vaejovidae
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Oofezela kukholakala ukuthi bathanda izindawo ezishisayo, ezomile, eziwugwadule nezingagwadule. Kepha isitatimende sokuthi ufezela ogwadule isilwaneakulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo engabonakali ebusika obude obunesithwathwa. Yize abanye abameleli (ngokwesibonelo, umndeni wakwaButhidae) bebekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwehle lifike ku -25 ° C.
Ezinye izinhlobo aziboshelwe endaweni ethile. Zitholakala ehlathini, ensimini ngisho nasedolobheni. Isibonelo, ufezela waseNtaliyane (igama lesiLatini: Euscorpius italicus) uhlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNingizimu naseNyakatho yeCaucasus. Abanye bakhetha kuphela i-niche ethile.
Izinhlobo ze-hygrophilous zihlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama, i-xerophilic - desert. Abathandi bezilwane abaningi abangavamile bagcina ofezela ekhaya. Ukuhlela indawo okuzohlala kuyo le arachnid kulula. Ingilazi eyi-rectangular terrarium izokwenza.
Ngokuvamile, abathandi balezi zilwane bathola izinhlobo ze-Pandinus imperator. Le scorpion ihlala ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Ikhula ibe ngosayizi abakhulu, ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-20. Akubalulekile ukuthi ubuthi bayo bunobuthi obuphansi.
Scorpion ehlane
Ukushisa nomswakama ku-terrarium kulungiswa ezinhlotsheni ezikhethiwe. Ama-Emperor scorpions athanda umswakama ophezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu (cishe angama-25 ° C). Ufezela udliswa kanye ngesonto. Amakhilikithi angu-1-2 noma izikelemu zizokwanelisa umhlaseli.
Kepha i-emperor scorpion ayinabuthi obuningi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi, emehlweni abathandi bezifundo, kungabi isihloko esithandeka kakhulu sokuqukethwe. Kulokhu, abathandi bezinye izizwe bakhetha izinhlobo ze-Androctonus australis (ngaphandle kwalokho: ofezela abanomsila omkhulu).
Babulala abantu abambalwa minyaka yonke. Izimo zabo zokuboshwa zilula njengalezo zofezela bamakhosi. Ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha kuza kuqala. Umbulali wofezela akufanele akwazi ukubaleka.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwescorpion - lezi, okokuqala, izinambuzane, izicabucabu, izimvemvane. Noma yini engayibamba nanoma yini efanele, kufaka phakathi amalungu ohlobo lwayo. Ufezela onenhlanhla uyakwazi ukubulala adle isibankwa noma igundane elincane.
Ezimweni ezingezinhle, ofezela bangahlala ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside. Izimo zezinyanga eziningi zokubulawa yindlala kwale arthropod ngokulondolozwa komsebenzi ojwayelekile ziye zarekhodwa. Esimweni esifanelekile, ufezela ungadla isihlobo, okungukuthi, badla abantu.
Imilenze yale arachnid ifakwe izinwele ezibucayi ezithintekayo. Bacosha ukudlidlizela kwenhlabathi okudalwe yisinambuzane esivela eduze kukofezela. Bese kuba khona ukubanjwa kwesisulu esingaqaphile. Ukugxila kuzinzwa ezithintekayo kwenza ufezela abe ngumzingeli ophumelelayo wasebusuku.
Scorpion bedla izibungu zezinambuzane
Ufezela onobuthi umjovo awuhlali njalo. Udinga ukonga ubuthi. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukululama. Ngakho-ke, izinambuzane ezincane zibulawa ngokubamba nokuqhekeka okulula. Noma ube ukudla usaphila.
Ufezela awukwazi ukugaya izingxenye ezinzima zezinambuzane. Ikhipha inani elithile lejusi lokugaya isisulu, bese imunca noma yini engena esimweni esiwuketshezi.IScorpio siyingozi isilwane esidla ebusuku.
Kepha imvamisa iyisisulu sezinye izidlo ezidla inyama. Indawo yokuqala phakathi kwabazingeli bakafezela ihlala ngofezela uqobo. Izicabucabu, izinyoni nezilwane ezincane ezizingelayo zizingela ngokuzikhandla lezi zithambo. Ukuthambekela okubuthakathaka kobuthi kuqinisekisa ukunqoba. Ukuhlasela okusheshayo kusuka ngemuva kusebenza ngokulinganayo. Leli qhinga lisetshenziswa ama-mongooses, ama-hedgehogs nezinkawu.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isiko lokumatanisa lifaka ukudansa kokukhwelana nokukhwelana. Owesilisa ubamba insikazi ngezihlangu zakhe zangaphambili bese eqala ukuyihola. Le nhlangano ehlangene ingaqhubeka amahora.
Phakathi nalomdanso oyindilinga ongajwayelekile, owesilisa ukhipha i-capsule ene-seminal fluid (spermatophore). Insikazi, elandela owesilisa, ihlangana ne-spermatophore. Ingena esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, esiswini esiswini esingezansi. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka.
Scorpion insikazi enenzalo
Ukuphela komdanso wokukhwelana kuqondana nokuphela kwenqubo yokufaka umquba. Okwamanje, kubalulekile ukuthi owesilisa asheshe ahambe, ngaphandle kwalokho uzodliwa. Ukukhulelwa komuntu wesifazane kuhlala isikhathi eside: kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuye onyakeni owodwa nohhafu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuzalwa izingane ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivele zilandelana bese zibekwa emhlane kanina.
I-Scorpion invertebrate, kodwa ine-exoskeleton emise okwamagobolondo. Ku-arthropods esanda kuzalwa, ithambile. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, igobolondo liyaqina. Ofezela abancane bashiya emuva kukanina bese beqala ukuphila impilo ezimele. Usongo lokuqala olufika empilweni yabo ngumama wabo uqobo. Angayidla inzalo yakhe.
Esinye sezigaba ezibalulekile empilweni kafezela is molting. Iminyaka yama-arthropods amancane ilinganiswa ngenani lama-molts. Ukuze babe ngabantu abadala, ofezela abancane badinga ukusinda ama-molts ama-5-7.
Ukuqhekeka kwesango, ufezela ukhasa uphume egobolondweni elidala, uhlala uthambile futhi awunakuzivikela kuze kube yilapho izikhali ezintsha seziqina ngokuphelele. Ofezela baphila isikhathi eside. Kusuka eminyakeni emibili kuya kwengu-10 ubudala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, lo mkhawulo wokuphila ungadlulwa.
Okufanele ukwenze uma ulunywa ufezela
Ofezela bazingela ebusuku, bafuna izindawo ezifihlekile zokuphumula emini. Zingaba imifantu odongeni, zisakaze amatshe noma amafolda ezimpahla ezishiyiwe. Ezindaweni lapho kuvame khona la ma-arthropod, ukulunywa ufezela, ingadlula umuntu noma kuphi nanoma nini.
Ukusabela komzimba womuntu kubuthi kuxhomeke ohlotsheni lofezela nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye. Kwezinye izimo, ukungenisa inani elincane lobuthi obunobuthi obuncane kungaholela ekushayweni yi-anaphylactic. Ukulunywa kwe-arthropod kufakiwe eqenjini le-ICD le-10 - W57 lokwahlukaniswa kwezifo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukulunywa okunobuthi kuthola ikhodi eyengeziwe ye-X22.
Ufezela
Kunezimpawu eziningi zokulunywa. Umuntu uqala ukuzizwa efana nobuthi bokudla. Ububomvu buvela endaweni yokulunywa. Amabhamuza angavela emzimbeni. Ingcindezi iyenyuka. I-Bronchospasm ingaqala.
Ukubona ufezela nokuzwa ukulunywa, udinga ukuthola indawo yokuluma. Uma kungenzeka, khipha ubuthi. Kwesinye isikhathi kunconywa ukuthi ulungise indawo yokuluma. Kodwa ochwepheshe bathi ngeke kulethe lutho ngaphandle kobuhlungu obengeziwe.
Impumelelo eyengeziwe incike ekutheni usizo lwezokwelapha lunikezwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni, asebekhulile, nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Isidalwa esingaziwa ufezela. Unobuthi. Inegama elingathandeki. Inokubukeka okwesabekayo. Isebenza ebusuku. Akusizi ngalutho. Kepha waphila emhlabeni wethu iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-400 futhi akakashintshi nakancane.
